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An abrasion is a superficial wound caused by friction that removes the top layer of skin.

Initial Care: Clean aggressively by washing with soap and water to remove all dirt/debris.

Post Care: Change the dressing daily, keeping the wound clean and moist. Monitor closely for infection

Referral/Sutures: No stitches are needed for an abrasion. Seek medical referral if cleaning is difficult, the wound is extensive, or signs of infection appear.

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Definition: A wound with jagged, irregular edges caused by tearing or blunt impact, usually resulting in significant bleeding.

Initial Care: Apply direct, firm pressure to control heavy bleeding. Gently rinse with cool, running water to clean;(do not scrub).

Post Care/Referral/Sutures: stitches are often necessary to close deep or gaping cuts. Seek immediate medical referral to assess for deep damage, closure, and tetanus needs.

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Definition: A wound with straight, clean edges caused by a sharp object, resulting in significant, rapid bleeding.

Initial Care: Apply direct, firm pressure to control rapid bleeding; elevate the limb. Rinse gently if debris is visible, but do not remove embedded objects.

Post-Care: Stitches are highly likely for deep or gaping cuts. Seek immediate medical referral for assessment, closure, and to check for nerve/tendon damage.

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Definition: A deep wound caused by a sharp, pointed object that carries a high risk of deep infection and usually shows minimal external bleeding.

Initial Care: Allow mild bleeding to flush out. Wash gently. Do not remove deeply embedded objects.

Post Care: No sutures are used. Seek immediate medical referral for tetanus shot, deep wounds, or contaminated injuries.

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Definition: Skin/tissue forcibly torn away; heavy bleeding.

Initial Care: Firm pressure. Reattach flap gently. Detached tissue: Wrap, bag, cool for transport.

Post Care: Immediate emergency referral required. Sutures/Grafting needed for reattachment.

Universal Precautions:

Wash hands before and after care.

Wear disposable gloves for all contact with blood/fluids.

Recognizing Infection

Infection signs include Increased Redness, Swelling, Worsening Pain, Warmth, Pus/Cloudy Discharge.