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(1) The Athenian democracy existed from approximately 800 B.C. to 146 B.C.

(2) There was an Assembly for all males 18 or older who wanted a decision in Athen's Direct-Democracy. The Council of Five Hundred was also to decide what the Assembly discussed.

(3) Since it was a direct democracy, everyone got an opinion and had some power in the government, a new concept at the time. It was heavily criticized by Plato and Aristotle because they felt that not everyone was fit to participate.

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(1) The first Roman Republic was formed in 509 BC.

(2) There were two social classes: the patricians (the rich) and the plebeians (the common people). There was a Senate of 300 elected members. Above the Senate were the consuls who were heads of state and had command of the army.

(3) This formed a new idea of elected officials who worked together to solve issues for the general welfare of everyone. This made it a great inspiration for the founding fathers of America.

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(1) This system existed from the ninth to the twelfth century, mostly in Europe

(2) In feudalism, there were lords and vassals, lords with less power, underneath them in authority. The vassals manage small parts of the lord's land and the lord offered the vassals protection. Underneath vassals were peasants called serfs who mainly farmed for the vassals. In return, they were protected in war.

(3) Where this form of government fell short was the freedom given to the serfs. Most of them lived uneventful hard lives. If someone was born a serf, they likely died a serf. Where feudalism succeeded was its creation of powerful kingdoms that were self-sustaining to everyone within.

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(1) It has existed since the year 33, when Jesus Christ died. I didn't become the official church of the Roman Empire until 380, however.

(2) In the Roman Catholic Church, the Pope is in the highest position of power, followed by Bishops. In the Middle Ages, these figures often ruled land and competed for power and influence on the people.

(3) Because it still exists today, it can be called successful for lasting nearly 2,000 years. While the Pope and Bishops do not hold as much political power as they once did, they still influence many people through religion. The major fault of the church was the schism that caused many people to leave the church and form protestant denominations of Christianity

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(1) Monarchies first arose in the late 1400s primarily from feudalistic kingdoms in Europe.

(2) In a monarchy, one person holds total power and decision-making power over everyone else. They were not obligated to get the approval from other lords. They were the only opinion that mattered and no one was to question them.

(3) The positive effect of this was the creation of nations where everyone within had a single identity. There was also the creation of sovereignty in nations that were separate and had rules within their boundaries. The downside to absolute monarchies came with the amount of power one person held and the general disregard for the effects their opinions would have on the majority living under them.

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(1) The idea of colonization started between the late 1400s and early 1500s.

(2) In colonialism, European countries would send explorers and settlers to control other nations, often far away. They would take the laws, religion, and culture from their home country and spread them to the new land. The purpose was to spread the international reach of their home country.

(3) One of the major criticisms of colonialism is the cruelty that was common in colonizing land. The land was often taken by force with the native people experiencing relocation or genocide. To this day, the United States faces scrutiny for the actions European explorers took against the Native Americans.

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(1) It first appeared with colonialism in the late 1400s to early 1500s and developed over the following centuries.

(2) In mercantilism, more profits were the ultimate goal to bring power to a nation. Monarchs funded new colonies to establish merchants to make money from foreigners. They maximized profits with taxes, accumulating gold and silver, and developing industry.

(3) One good thing that came from Mercantilism was the creation of the original thirteen colonies in North America that eventually became the United States. Although difficult, this eventually became a fight for independence that founded our nation.

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(1) The Enlightenment began in the early 1700s as a time period characterized by an intellectual movement based on reason.

(2) This movement can be summarized by many figures and the beliefs they focused on. John Locke was known for his belief in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for all. Thomas Hobbes is famous for his theory of a social countract people form with their ruler. Voltaire commonly argued for the importance reason, religious freedom, and science. Baron de Montesquieu created the idea of checks and balances within a government with multiple branches. Finally, there was William Blackstone who created "common law"-the principle that current problems can be resolved by decisions made in the past.

(3) This period of time was crucial for modern society and government. It defined severla key pricniples present in our government now. It was a period that advanced society for the better by giving more freedom to people.

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Qatar: Qatar operates under a consitutional monarchy where powers are granted in a consitution. The head of state is called "The Emir", named is Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa alThani. He is commander in chief of the military and conducts foreign relations and overall the most powerful person in the entire nation.

Monaco: Monaco is also a consitutional monarchy and is lead by Prince Albert II. As prince, he initiates laws that will be voted on by a council, represents Monaco in foreign affairs, and has full authority in legal disputes.