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Sudan's national dish is Ful Medames (seasoned mashed fava beans topped with raw veggies).

Ingredients:

• 400 gms dried fava beans. Soak in water for 6 hours, overnight.

• Diced tomatoes, red onions, feta cheese, arugula or rocket leaves

• Sesame or extra virgin olive oil.

• Salt

• Black pepper, cumin powder.

• Optional: cooked eggs.

Instructions

1. Soak dried fava beans in water overnight.

2. Cook fava beans on medium heat for 2 hours, or until tender.

3. Place fava beans and broth in a medium bowl.

4. Lightly mash the beans with a masher or Coke bottle.

5. Add salt and spices.

6. Combine tomatoes, red onions, feta cheese, and arugula/rocket leaves.

7. Apply a sufficient amount of sesame oil on top.

8. Serve with bread.

Mogga, N. (2017, October 12). Ful Medames Sudanese Fava Beans - Taste of South Sudan. Taste of South Sudan. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://tasteofsouthsudan.com/recipes/breakfast/ful-medames-sudanese-fava-beans/

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The most widely spoken language in Sudan is Arabic, specifically Sudanese Arabic. English is also frequently used as a second language, particularly in education and government. Sudan is also home to a wide range of ethnic groups, therefore many different languages are spoken throughout the country. Nubian languages, Beja, Fur, and Dinka are common in specific locations or populations. It’s estimated that 114 indigenous languages with 500 accents are present.

Chepkemoi, J. (2017, July 26). What Languages Are Spoken In Sudan? WorldAtlas. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-sudan.html

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When Sudanese refugees come to Australia they often lack immunity to preventable diseases such as hepatitis B, due to limited access to healthcare and immunisation in Sudan. There’s a great prevalence of chronic hepatitis B, which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Antiviral drugs, such as entecavir, tenofovir, or pegylated interferon, are administered for chronic hepatitis B to inhibit viral replication and avoid liver damage. Furthermore, vaccination for close contact and education on limiting transmission are critical components of hepatitis B management among refugees.

Benson, J. (2023). Hepatitis in refugees who settle in Australia. Adelaide.edu.au. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/44585/1/hdl_44585.pdf

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​​The majority of Sudan's population is Muslim, with 91% practising Sunni Islam. Islam strongly influences Sudan's culture, legislation, and cultural values.

Christianity is practised by a small percentage (5.4%) of the population, notably in the south and among specific ethnic groups. 2.8% are practising indigenous religions. Smaller groups practice these, notably in rural areas among specific ethnic tribes. These faiths frequently include beliefs in a supreme god, spirits, ancestral worship, and a variety of traditional behaviours and ceremonies.

Sudan. (n.d.). United States Department of State. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/sudan/#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20government%20estimates%20the

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Traditional Medicines used in Sudan include Desert rose (Adenium obesum) which is used in therapeutic applications such as skin diseases, lice removal, tooth decay recovery, antiseptics, and nasal drops. Veldt grape (Cissus quadrangularis L.) is used for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Malaria can be healed by chewing the Visi ri root.

Traditional healers may use herbal medicines to protect against disease-causing spirits and mental diseases are viewed as a sign of weakness or a curse. Women feel uneasy discussing sex-related issues - Birth control is frequently refused since the capacity to have children is highly valued.

Traditional Sudanese Medicine for Modern Drug... (n.d.). Arab-German Young Academy. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://agya.info/research/research-projects-by-year/traditional-sudanese-medicine-for-modern-drug-development

Community profile: Sudanese. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/preparedness/epidemiology-disease-control/disease-integrated-services/refugee-health/providers/community-profile-sudanese.pdf (Accessed: 28 August 2024).

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination ensure Sudanese refugees have equal access to healthcare, resources, and opportunities. Refugees who encounter prejudice, linguistic problems, or social isolation are less likely to have access to health care, education, work, and social support, all of which are necessary for good health.

Globally, Sudanese refugees have restricted access to healthcare due to inadequate infrastructure in refugee camps or host countries, a lack of funding, and cultural/language challenges.
Despite Australia's better established healthcare system, Sudanese refugees encounter problems such as language barriers, cultural differences, a lack of understanding about services, and potential prejudice. Medicare and refugee health services are available, although access and quality of care may vary depending on location and resources.

World Health Organization. (2021). Social Determinants of Health. Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_3

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Reflecting on Domain 1, Clinical Expert 1.2 of the "Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice" framework has given me a deep appreciation of the importance of acknowledging and respecting the culture of patients from migrant/refugee backgrounds. I've found that including cultural understanding in examinations and treatment improves patient participation and health outcomes. Recognising the impact of migratory trauma necessitates an approach that includes culturally appropriate trauma-informed care. This has underlined the importance of continued cultural competence training and self-reflection in addressing my biases. I am devoted to continuously improving my cultural understanding and utilising it to give more inclusive and respectful treatment, ensuring every patient feels appreciated in the clinical setting.

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Sudan National Flag | History & Facts | Flagmakers

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Sudan | History, Map, Area, Population, Religion, & Facts | Britannica