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The Brazilian Revolution started in 1821 and ended in 1824. When John VI came into rule in Brazil, the Portuguese ended. The Cortes were not happy that Pedro I was supporting the revolution after being left by John VI to rule. Pedro stepped down as emporer in 1831 and left his 5-year-old son to rule. When his son was older, he made advancements in society that nobody would have even thought of at that time. People learned how to take care of themselves and exiled Pedro II to an island in Europe. Then in 1889, Brazil became a Republic.

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In 1807, at the time of the first invasion of Portugal by Napoleon’s forces, the King of Portugal, Joao VI, fled to Brazil. When French forces were finally defeated in Europe in 1815, King João decided to continue ruling from Brazil, founding the United Kingdom of Portugal. Many people didn't like British influence and began a movement to create a monarchy in Portugal. In 1820, the constitutionalists rose up in revolution, created a constitution, and Joao returned to, After, King Joao returned to Portugal in April 1821, leaving behind his son, Prince Dom Pedro, to rule Brazil as his replacement. On September 7, 1822, Prince Dom Pedro declared Brazil’s independence from Portugal, founding the Empire of Brazil, which led to a two-year war of independence. A treaty was signed by both Brazil and Portugal in 1825.

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Buenos Aires was established in 1580. After the Viceroyalty spilt and moved to Rio de la Plata, enlightenment ideas spread. Independence was declared in 1816 with the help of Jose de San Martin. Went to war with Brazil and won Uruguay. Juan Manuel de Rosas restored peace in the country.

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Argentinian Independence | 3 Minute History

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When Napolean came to attack Italy he divided the country into 4 states. With Austria controlling the country. The first Italian war failed but it proved that the new king of Sardinia meant business. They went against Austria with newly formed allies and won. The Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861. In 1871, the rest of the states including Venetia and Papel State along with Rome came together with The Kingdom of Italy.

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The Argentinian War of Independence was a war fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentinian forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli, Martin Miguel de Guemes, and José de San Martín. They fought against people who were loyal to the Spanish crown. Argentina wanted independence from Spain due to the economic advancements that Spain had been involved with for years. In 1816 Argentina gained independence from Spain.

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The revolution for Italy's independence started in 1848 in the Italian states. It was organized revolts in the states of the Italian peninsula and Sicily. It was led by Count Camillo di Cavour, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Giuseppe Mazzini who all wanted a liberal government. As Italian nationalists, they wanted to eliminate Austrian control. The war ended in 1871 it was the Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy and Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.