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Phonology is the study of the way sounds operate and its function in a given language (Reynolds et al., 2022).

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Morphology investigates how words are structured and combined. A morpheme is how words are combined and recombined to generate meaningful words (Reynolds et al., 2022).

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Why the language structure is important for language and academic learning for ELLs.

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Why the language structure is important for language and academic learning for ELLs.

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Phonology is important for language development because it focuses on the sounds and how sounds combine to worm words. Phonology helps students pronounce and decode words for effective reading and spelling.

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Why the language structure is important for language and academic learning for ELLs.

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Why the language structure is important for language and academic learning for ELLs.

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Morphology is important for language development because it helps students understand how words can change based on prefixes, suffixes, or root words. Morphology is also important because it shows students how words are formed. Understanding this structure helps acquire new vocabulary and comprehend complex sentences.

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1. Bean Bag toss- The teacher places three hula hoops with the numbers 1, 2, and 3. The teacher will call out words and students have to throw a bean bag into the hula hoop that shows the number of syllables the word contained. Students are practicing how the word is broken up into syllables based on its pronunciation

Ex. Carefully has three syllables so the students would throw the bean bag into the hula hoop with the number 3.

2. Rhyming pairs: Students are given two decks of cards that contain a word and an image. Students have to match the rhyming words from their decks. This rhyming activity helps students hear repeating sounds and patterns of sounds which establishes their foundation for phonics and word sounds.

Ex. one student will have the word leg in their deck while the other student will have the word egg.

3. Tapping or Clapping syllables when saying words helps students hear the word sounds and also helps students decode words.

4. Using picture cards with words from A-Z, the teacher will show the picture and have students name the picture, and determine the number of syllables the word has.

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1. When learning complex vocabulary words across contents: Word Sums: a strategy for breaking up complex words. This activity can be differentiated for various levels of ELLS by explaining to them in their home language what the activity is and also providing them with the definitions of the broken-up words so they can determine the meaning of the entire word easily

Ex. Re + Ject +tion = Rejection

2. Students will be given a variety of root words, prefixes, and suffixes on index cards. Students will have to create words from the root words pile, the prefixes pile, and the suffixes pile. This activity helps students practice vocabulary to build their language development. To differentiate for different levels of ELLs, teachers can provide ELLs with a dictionary in their language to determine the meaning of the suffixes, prefixes, and root words to make sure the sentence makes sense.

3. Word Matrix: Morphemes that can be used to create and combine words. For this activity, students will be given simple words and then have to come up with endings of these words.

Ex. Care. Care+ful=Careful

Help. Help+less= Helpless

4. Morphology Choice board. Students will complete 2 out of 6 on the choice board. This activity allows students to chose their own activity and decide which where they feel they need for support with as it relates to morphology

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1. Pool noodle word making. This activity allows students to create words using vowels and consonants. This manipulative helps students become engaged while practicing spelling.

Website: https://www.weareteachers.com/heres-a-really-simple-way-to-teach-phonics-using-pool-noodles/#:~:text=Slide%20your%20pool%20noodle%20letter,their%20pool%20noodle%20letter%20beads.

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Online sites like Wordwall.net and Roomrecess.com contain online games students can play at home to practice prefixes, suffixes, and morphemes. These online games are engaging and interactive while also helping students practice strategies to break down complex words and also determine the meaning of words based on the roots of the words.

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Mastruserio, K.R., Dikilitas, K. & Close, S. (2022). Introduction to TESOL becoming a language teaching professional. Wiley Blackwell. https://bibliu.com/app/#/view/books/9781119632733/pdf2htmlex/index.html#page_i

Shanahan, T. (2018, August 20). What should morphology instruction look like?. Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/shanahan-on-literacy/what-should-morphology-instruction-look

Phonological awareness games. Department of Education. (n.d.). https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/english/literacy/speakinglistening/Pages/phonological-awareness-games.aspx