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Pictured: The flag of NATO; A compass to represent the alliance of countries from around the world

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NATO is an alliance between 32 countries, including the United States. It was formed during the Cold War era as a way to combat the spread of communism, and defend anti-communist nations. If any NATO country is attacked, then all 32 countries will respond by defending them. It is important because it helps prevent World War III. In this era of history, there was worldwide panic surrounding nuclear war. NATO eased the panic because countries were less likely to be invaded.

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Pictured: The flag of the People's Republic of China

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October 1, 1949:China Falls to Communism

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October 1, 1949:China Falls to Communism

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China's fall to communism was a result of the Chinese Civil War. Mao Zedong defeated the Kuomintang and became the leader. The United States had been supporting the Kuomintang to try to contain the spread of communism, so this was considered a failure. China's fall to communism is significant because it affected President Truman. Truman was considered the President who lost a country to communism. This was considered a major loss during the Cold War, when America fought to contain communism worldwide.

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Pictured: Korea is split into North and South, the progressive victory of North Korea over South Korea

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June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea

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June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea

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North Korea's invasion of South Korea marks the unofficial beginning of the Korean War. The United States supported South Korea, which was fighting for democracy. North Korea was fighting for communism. The Korean War is significant because it was also considered a loss in the Cold War era. While America never officially declared war on North Korea, we failed in our goal of containing communism because North Korea never turned democratic. To this day Korea remains split between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea.

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Pictured: Linda Carol Brown, who was at the center of Brown V. Board of Education. As a third grader, she fought to enroll in summer school in Topeka, Kansas. 

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May 17, 1954: Brown V. Board of Education

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May 17, 1954: Brown V. Board of Education

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Brown V. Board of Education was a pivotal Civil Rights case. It unanimously ruled that segregation in schools is unconstitutional. It highlighted the unfairness of the "separate but equal" doctrine by providing evidence that black only schools and white only schools are unequal. Brown V. Board of Education is significant because it focused on how segregation affects children. By integrating schools, children of different races are growing up exposed to diversity, leading to a better integrated society. It also improves the quality of education for children because the colored schools were far less funded than the white schools.

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Pictured: The emblem of the Warsaw Pact, including the flags of the Soviet-controlled nations.

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The Warsaw Pact is a European military alliance, mostly consisting of the USSR and its satellite nations. It was created in retaliation for NATO, the non-communist alliance. This gives them more protection against NATO because if any Warsaw countries are invaded, then they all come to their defense. The significance of this is that it officially divided the world's strongest nations into two sides. If either side chooses to invade someone, then it gets every strong world power involved, and can quickly lead to a world war. The benefit of this is that countries are less likely to attack, but if they do attack it can quickly escalate.

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Pictured: The Berlin Wall covered in graffiti/street art.

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The Berlin Wall was built to divide East and West Germany. The East German government constructed it to prevent people from escaping to the West. In 1989, it fell, which symbolized the reunification of Germany. The Berlin Wall is significant because it shows the division between communism and democracy in the Cold War era. It affected the lives of many Germans who were separated from their families.

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Pictured: A political cartoon showing John F. Kennedy and Fidel Castro sitting on H-Bombs wrestling over who will set theirs off first

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The Cuban Missile Crisis ended on October 28, 1962. It happened when the US discovered soviet missiles in Cuba. It led to a tense 13-day standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union. The crisis ended when the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles in exchange for a U.S. promise not to invade Cuba. It is important because it was the closest the US came to nuclear war in the Cold War era. The crisis showed the dangers of nuclear weapons and poor communication between countries. It also signified the mass hysteria in the US towards communism and the deep division between the US and USSR.

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The March on Washington took place on August 28, 1963, where over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C. It was a peaceful protest for racial equality. The event is famous for Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, which called for an end to racism and discrimination. The march was significant because it was the biggest organized march during the civil rights era. It also helped raise national awareness of civil rights issues. It showed the power of peaceful protest and inspired future movements for social justice.

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Pictured: Kennedy and Jackie in Dallas right before he was assassinated 

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November 22, 1963: Kennedy Assassination

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November 22, 1963: Kennedy Assassination

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President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination. Kennedy's death shocked the nation and led to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson becoming president. His assassination was significant because had he not been assassinated, the US could have possibly avoided the Vietnam War. Kennedy was also an advocate for racial equality, so more potentially could have been done for civil rights had he not been assassinated.

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Pictured: Saigon left in ruins after the attack

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The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by North Vietnamese forces and the Viet Cong on South Vietnam in January 1968. It occurred during the Vietnamese Lunar New Year, when both sides had agreed to a temporary ceasefire. Though the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces repelled the attacks, the offensive shocked the American public and media. It was significant because it changed the US perception of the war. It led to distrust because, while successful, it proved that they had been lied to about the war being almost over. If the war was almost over, then the North Vietnamese Military wouldn't have been able to stage such a large attack.

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Pictured: American soldiers holding guns to an old man with two children

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The My Lai Massacre took place on March 16, 1968, when U.S. soldiers killed between 300 and 500 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly women, children, and the elderly. The massacre occurred during the Vietnam War in the village of My Lai in South Vietnam, which was believed to be populated by the Viet Cong. The event was initially covered up by the U.S. military but was later exposed, leading to outrage both in the U.S. and internationally. The My Lai Massacre highlighted the brutal tactics and moral failings of the Vietnam War, contributing to growing anti-war sentiment in the U.S. It also showed the frustrations of the American soldiers because they couldn't tell who were innocent citizens and who were Viet Cong.

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Pictured: The first assassination attempt on Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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April 4, 1968: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated

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April 4, 1968: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated

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On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. King’s death sparked nationwide riots and protests, but it also further fueled the fight for civil rights and social justice. King’s assassination marked a tragic turning point in the Civil Rights Movement, leaving a leadership void and deepening racial tensions in the U.S. His death led the movement away from nonviolence and more towards the Black Power movement. It was also significant to the Vietnam War because Dr. King had begun to speak out against the war before he was killed.

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Pictured: Robert Kennedy after being shot

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Robert F. Kennedy, a U.S. senator and former attorney general, was assassinated on June 5, 1968, just after giving a victory speech following his win in the California Democratic primary. He was shot by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles. His death occurred during a time of political and social unrest in the U.S. His death being so close to the death of Dr. King further deepened the devastation across the nation. It was also significant because it left the Democratic Party without a candidate in the upcoming election. This led to the election of Richard Nixon.

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Pictured: Neil Armstrong on the moon in the broadcasted video of the moon landing 

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On July 20, 1969, NASA’s Apollo 11 mission successfully landed Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon. After landing on the moon, Neil Armstrong famously said, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." The event was broadcast live on television, watched by millions of people around the world, marking a major achievement in space exploration. It was significant because it symbolized the US victory over the USSR in the space race. It advanced human knowledge of space, paving the way for future space missions and exploration of other planets. It is also significant because it sparked conspiracy nationwide about the legitimacy of the moon landing.

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Pictured: A news panel from 1973 announcing US forces withdrawing from Vietnam 

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January 29, 1973: Vietnam and American Ceasefire 

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January 29, 1973: Vietnam and American Ceasefire 

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The U.S. and North Vietnam reached a ceasefire agreement in January 1973, known as the Paris Peace Accords, which ended the conflict in Vietnam. The agreement called for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam and the return of American prisoners of war. Though the ceasefire helped reduce U.S. involvement, fighting continued between North and South Vietnam until the fall of Saigon in 1975. The ceasefire is significant because it marked the end of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam after nearly two decades of combat. The Paris Peace Accords left Vietnam deeply divided. When the Vietnam War ended, North Vietnam took over, and to this day, Vietnam is a communist state.