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1. Sudden, round patches of hair loss on the scalp or other parts of the body

2. Tingling or itching in the area before hair falls out

3. Changes in fingernails or toenails (pitting, ridges, or thinning)

4. Hair may grow back and fall out again unpredictably

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1. Autoimmune disorder - the immune system mistakenly attacks hair follicles

2. Genetics - family history can increase the risk

3. Environmental triggers - stress, illness, or viral infections may contribute

4. Not contagious and not caused by diet or poor hair care

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1. Physical examination by a doctor or dermatologist

2. Scalp biopsy may be done to rule out other causes of hair loss

3. Blood tests might be used to check for related autoimmune conditions example - thyroid issues

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There is no cure, but treatments may help manage symptoms

1. Corticosteroids - topical, injectable, or oral medications to reduce inflammation

2. Minoxidil (Rogaine) -can promote hair regrowth

3. Immunotherapy -topical agents that trigger an allergic rash to restart hair growth

4. JAK inhibitors - a newer class of drugs and shows promise in treating moderate to severe cases

5. Wigs or head coverings for cosmetic support and confidence

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Sources

American Academy of Dermatology (AAD):
https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-loss/types/alopecia-areata

Britannica:
https://www.britannica.com/science/alopecia-areata