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Grass - football has always been played on grass, however, it costs a lot to maintain nad is a lot of labour work as well. Grass pitches are also liable to flooding and freezing (Greenfields, 2014)

1960's - Sand based astro was introduced. This was a hard surface which players weren't happy with.

1980's - 3g or artificials pitches were first used in the 1980's and further been developed to be more realistic. It is made from synthetic materials and made to ressemble grass. theses pitches are poular as they are easy and cheap to maintain (Playrite, 201

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1904 - Shirts made from heavy weight cotton and sometimes wool

1909 - Goalkeepers had to wear a different shirt to the rest of the team

1921 - Change of shirts for away team

1939 - numbers on the back of the shirts became mandatory

1953 - First use of articial fabrics

1954 - Umbro produced streamline and light kits, nylon socks

1983 - TV allowed sponsoring on shirts

1990's - Mesh for breathing

2000's - hi-tech polyester breathable fabric, under shirts to take away mositure (Moor, 2009)

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5th officials were trialled in the UEFA Europa League. Two extra officials were placed behind each goal to help

assist the referee whith goal decisons and incidents within the penalty area (FIFA, 2010)

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Prior to GDS there was no technology in place. the referee and linesmen made the decision whether it was a goal or not.

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Goal Decision System is a new system brought in this season ino the Premier league. (Crystal Palace FC, 2013)

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How Goal-line Technology Will Work At Selhurst Park

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Ahead of the new Premier League season, Palace Player takes a look at how the new goal decision system will work when it comes into effect at Selhurst Park.

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Brazuca World Cup ball, has 6 polyurethane

pannels, weighs 420g, thermal bonding. seems

are deeper, better air flow.

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Balls made from heavy leather,

inner rubber bladder, made

from 16 sections

(SoccerBall World, 2013)

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History of World Cup footballs (WatchSportNEws, 2010)

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Adidas Brazuca Soccer Ball/Football Line Review

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Do you think we need a new ball every 4 years? Adidas present the evolvement of World Cup official balls, from the 70's legacy vintage designs, to the famous Tango Espana and today's Jabulani.

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The Dassler brothers changed the football boot with interchangeable studs and made them lighter (Stead, 2014)

2014

Nike Majesta, flynit material, sock like fit, traction

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The SB Interview | Phil McCartney: Nike Magista

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This is the history of the Adidas football boot (WatchSportsNews, 2010)

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Interchangeable Soccer Cleats Adidas World Cup Soccer Cleats SG Video Review

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From sturdy working shoes to stellar technology. Adidas presents a gallery of football boots through the years and world cups (mundial).