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Decision Failure Arising from Clash of Interests

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Decision Failure Arising from Clash of Interests

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There exists a common pool of resources that everyone can access and take from.

Without regulation, people will just consume more than what they need (A's activity and B's activity increases total activity) leading to the resource depleting at a faster rate than it can replace itself (Gain per individual activity decreases).

Eventually there will be no resources left behind (Resource limit is reached), causing a tragedy.

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Newfoundland: Island province in Canada

Main sector: Fishing industry

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Contribution to overfishing: Fishing more and making multiple requests to increase their catch quotas

However, the nature of their fishing habits and smaller tools limits their intentions and abilities to overfish singly.

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Motivating Factors:

1. Exclusive access to Canadian seas (UN Law of Sea Convention: 200 mile exclusive fishing zones around countries)

2. Technological improvements in fishing infrastructure: Large gill-nets that can net 25,000 pounds of fish at once

Contribution to overfishing:

More Canadians saw fishing at Newfoundland as a profitable business, causing the number of Canadian draggers and their catch size to increase rapidly over the next few years.

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3rd Contributor: Foreign fishing vessels

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3rd Contributor: Foreign fishing vessels

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Contribution to overfishing:

On top of having technological capabilities, foreign vessels blatantly exceed catch quotas and treaty agreements, depleting the cod fish populations at an even faster rate

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With the combined contributions of all 3 parties in overfishing, six cod populations had collapsed and there was only 1% of the original "northern" cod left in the Newfoundland seas

Newfoundland ran out of fishes, and no one can benefit from this resource anymore, exhibiting "Tragedy of the Commons".

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Economic:

Earnings from the fishing industry halved

Combined earnings from all other fishes was about equal to the cod fishery alone

Social:

Single largest mass layoff in Canadian history

Around 30,000 fishermen and plant workers were put of of work and hundreds of coastal communities were disrupted

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1. Cod Moratorium of 1992. The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2020, August 6). https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cod-moratorium-of-1992

2. Economic impacts of the Cod Moratorium. (n.d.-a). https://www.heritage.nf.ca/articles/economy/moratorium-impacts.php

3. Mason, F. (2002). The Newfoundland Cod Stock Collapse: A review and analysis of social factors. Electronic Green Journal, 1(17). https://doi.org/10.5070/g311710480

4. Williams, H. (1967). Geology, Island of Newfoundland, Newfoundland. https://doi.org/10.4095/124115

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Lion Air flight crashed into the ocean, 189 passengers killed

5 months later, Ethiopian airlines crashed as well, 157 passengers killed

Airplane model: Boeing 737 Max 8

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Ensuring passengers' safety

VS

Cost-saving and profit maximisation

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'Good for me, bad for you and everyone else'

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'Good for me, bad for you and everyone else'

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Refers to when a certain group ignores everyone else's interests to focus on their own selfish ones

Own gains > collective/societal welfare

Mindset arises from prioritising greed, power or short-term benefits over long-term consequences

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Facing fierce competition from Airbus and high pressure to developed new aircraft

'Good for them' --> rush planes' production to maintain market competitiveness

To save costs, did not conduct proper tests on the software or train pilots

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Approved planes' production without conducting thorough checks

'Good for them' --> streamline approval process and ease workload

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'Bad for everyone else' --> pilots and passengers were victims of Boeing's and FAA's decisions

Crash was due to faulty software and hardware & pilots not being trained to override

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Other examples: Rana Plaza collapse, Ohio train chemicals spillage incident

Corporations, governments & elites making decisions that are 'good for them' without considering the ripple effects that are 'bad for everyone else' --> Societal collapse

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Overfishing -> Ecocide -> Environmental Damage

If Newfoundland were to face any other factors like hostile neighbors, or an ineffective government, they are not far from societal collapse.