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Eliminating Words
Summary:
This resource will help you write clearly by eliminating unnecessary words and rearranging your phrases.

1. Eliminate words that explain the obvious or provide excessive detail

Always consider readers while drafting and revising writing. If passages explain or describe details that would already be obvious to readers, delete or reword them. Readers are also very adept at filling in the non-essential aspects of a narrative, as in the fourth example.

Wordy: I received your inquiry that you wrote about tennis rackets yesterday, and read it thoroughly. Yes, we do have. . .

(19 words)

Concise: I received your inquiry about tennis rackets yesterday. Yes, we do have. . .

(12 words)

Wordy: It goes without saying that we are acquainted with your policy on filing tax returns, and we have every intention of complying with the regulations that you have mentioned.

(29 words)

Concise: We intend to comply with the tax-return regulations that you have mentioned.

(12 words)

Wordy: Imagine a mental picture of someone engaged in the intellectual activity of trying to learn what the rules are for how to play the game of chess.

(27 words)

Concise: Imagine someone trying to learn the rules of chess.

(9 words)

Wordy: After booking a ticket to Dallas from a travel agent, I packed my bags and arranged for a taxi to the airport. Once there, I checked in, went through security, and was ready to board. But problems beyond my control led to a three-hour delay before takeoff.

(47 words)

Concise: My flight to Dallas was delayed for three hours.

(9 words)

Wordy: Baseball, one of our oldest and most popular outdoor summer sports in terms of total attendance at ball parks and viewing on television, has the kind of rhythm of play on the field that alternates between times when players passively wait with no action taking place between the pitches to the batter and then times when they explode into action as the batter hits a pitched ball to one of the players and the player fields it.

(77 words)

Concise: Baseball has a rhythm that alternates between waiting and explosive action.

(11 words)

2. Eliminate unnecessary determiners and modifiers

Writers sometimes clog up their prose with one or more extra words or phrases that seem to determine narrowly or to modify the meaning of a noun but don't actually add to the meaning of the sentence. Although such words and phrases can be meaningful in the appropriate context, they are often used as "filler" and can easily be eliminated.

Wordy: Any particular type of dessert is fine with me.

(9 words)

Concise: Any dessert is fine with me.

(6 words)

Wordy: Balancing the budget by Friday is an impossibility without some kind of extra help.

(14 words)

Concise: Balancing the budget by Friday is impossible without extra help.

(10 words)

Wordy: For all intents and purposes, American industrial productivity generally depends on certain factors that are really more psychological in kind than of any given technological aspect.

(26 words)

Concise: American industrial productivity depends more on psychological than on technological factors.

(11 words)

Here's a list of some words and phrases that can often be pruned away to make sentences clearer:

3. Omit repetitive wording

Watch for phrases or longer passages that repeat words with similar meanings. Words that don't build on the content of sentences or paragraphs are rarely necessary.

Wordy: I would appreciate it if you would bring to the attention of your drafting officers the administrator's dislike of long sentences and paragraphs in messages to the field and in other items drafted for her signature or approval, as well as in all correspondence, reports, and studies. Please encourage your section to keep their sentences short.

(56 words)

Concise: Please encourage your drafting officers to keep sentences and paragraphs in letters, reports, and studies short. Dr. Lomas, the administrator, has mentioned that reports and memos drafted for her approval recently have been wordy and thus time-consuming.

(37 words)

Wordy: The supply manager considered the correcting typewriter an unneeded luxury.

(10 words)

Concise: The supply manager considered the correcting typewriter a luxury.

(9 words)

Wordy: Our branch office currently employs five tellers. These tellers do an excellent job Monday through Thursday but cannot keep up with the rush on Friday and Saturday.

(27 words)

Concise: Our branch office currently employs five tellers, who do an excellent job Monday through Thursday but cannot keep up with Friday and Saturday rush periods.

(25 words)

4. Omit redundant pairs

Many pairs of words imply each other. Finish implies complete, so the phrase completely finish is redundant in most cases.

So are many other pairs of words:

past memories

various differences

each individual _______

basic fundamentals

true facts

important essentials

future plans

terrible tragedy

end result

final outcome

free gift

past history

unexpected surprise

sudden crisis

A related expression that's not redundant as much as it is illogical is "very unique." Since unique means "one of a kind," adding modifiers of degree such as "very," "so," "especially," "somewhat," "extremely," and so on is illogical. One-of-a-kind-ness has no gradations; something is either unique or it is not.

Wordy: Before the travel agent was completely able to finish explaining the various differences among all of the many very unique vacation packages his travel agency was offering, the customer changed her future plans.

(33 words)

Concise: Before the travel agent finished explaining the differences among the unique vacation packages his travel agency was offering, the customer changed her plans.

(23 words)

5. Omit redundant categories

Specific words imply their general categories, so we usually don't have to state both. We know that a period is a segment of time, that pink is a color, that shiny is an appearance.

In each of the following phrases, the general category term can be dropped, leaving just the specific descriptive word:

large in size

often times

of a bright color

heavy in weight

period in time

round in shape

at an early time

economics field

of cheap quality

honest in character

of an uncertain condition

in a confused state

unusual in nature

extreme in degree

of a strange type

Wordy: During that time period, many car buyers preferred cars that were pink in color and shiny in appearance.

(18 words)

Concise: During that period, many car buyers preferred pink, shiny cars.

(10 words)

Wordy: The microscope revealed a group of organisms that were round in shape and peculiar in nature.

(16 words)

Concise: The microscope revealed a group of peculiar, round organisms.

(9 words)

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This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission.

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Course Description

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The pronunciation section of EWE is divided into several units ranging from the basic sounds of the alphabet to more complex sounds that are unique to the English language. his section also includes pronunciation of different types of verbs as well as phrases and expressions. Students have the opportunity to master their English pronunciation skills by listening to and repeating the material provided as many times as deemed necessary.

How to work with Pronunciation

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2. Memorize the English alphabet, vowel sounds, and numbers.
3. Practice minimal pairs, T&D sounds, and special endings by listening and repeating the words you hear.
4. Study the verbs section by listening to the pronunciation, repeating the verbs out loud and by using them in context.

Course Info

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Cancer blood test trial

Learn language related to...

medicine

Need-to-know language...

blood samples - small amounts of blood taken from the body for testing

tumours - masses of cells that grow uncontrollably

early detection - discovery of a disease soon after it starts developing

invasive procedures - medical treatments in which the body is cut

symptoms - something people experience that may be a sign of disease
Answer this...
What was wrong with previous tests?

Transcript

In a retail park in Runcorn in Cheshire [England], one of the world's largest clinical trials is getting underway.

The first of thousands of volunteers are giving blood samples - to be tested for the presence of tiny traces of DNA linked to tumours - a warning of future disease.

Volunteers like Stuart, a serving fire brigade officer.

Stuart Devereux, trial volunteer
It seemed a good opportunity to actually become involved with something. Sadly, most of us are touched by cancer at some time in our lives. I thought, well, actually early detection is one thing that is going to help in our armoury against that.

Detecting and treating cancer early is the key to a successful recovery. But some cancers, like those of the head and neck or the pancreas, are hard to spot in the early stages. This blood test could help - and avoid invasive procedures like biopsies.

Dominic Hughes, BBC reporter
For years, scientists have been trying to develop a simple blood test that could detect cancers before any symptoms became obvious, but they really struggled because the tests just weren't accurate enough - there were either too many false positives or false negatives. Now, though, they think they have made a real breakthrough.

Sir Harpal Kumar, President, GRAIL Europe
So, technology is really what's made the difference here. First of all, we need to be able to detect really minute quantities of DNA in our blood, and our ability to do that has improved markedly over the last several years.

The second thing is the power of modern computing really - so we've looked at data from tens of thousands of people, and we've used that data to really optimise the test.

This is just the start of a clinical trial, but if the promise of this simple test is fulfilled, it could mark the beginning of a revolution in cancer treatment.

Did you get it?

What was wrong with previous tests?

They were not accurate enough.

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