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400: The Invasion of Scandinavian Tribes

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400: The Invasion of Scandinavian Tribes

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Several Scandinavian tribes, such as the Jutes, Saxons, Angles, and Celts, invaded from Northern Germany and Denmark, each bringing their own language and oral communications. This marks the beginning of the Old English period, characterized by the development of a single, cohesive language from these diverse influences.

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The Norman Conquest of England occurred in 1066. This marked the end of the Old English period as the Normans brought the French language with them, significantly enriching the English vocabulary and introducing numerous French inflections into the language.

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1100-1450: The Influence of French Language

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1100-1450: The Influence of French Language

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During this period, William the King's family ruled England, bringing French as the official language of the royalty. The common people, however, continued to speak English, which was richly infused with French vocabulary. This formed the Middle English stage.

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In 1450, English once again became the official language of England, marking a transition towards the Modern English period.

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15th Century: The Renaissance and its Influence

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15th Century: The Renaissance and its Influence

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The Renaissance in the 15th century played a significant role in shaping the English language by introducing many Latin and Greek words. This was a time of great cultural revival and change.

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16th Century: Invention of the Printing Press

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16th Century: Invention of the Printing Press

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The dawn of the 16th century saw the invention of the printing press, a pivotal moment in history that allowed books to be produced efficiently, facilitating the spread and standardization of the English language.

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William Tyndale published the first printed translation of the New Testament in English in 1525, an important milestone for the English language and its accessibility to the general populace.

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This period is often referred to as the Golden Age of English, highlighted by the works of William Shakespeare. His plays and writings contributed significantly to the evolution of the language.

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In 1611, King James published his version of the Bible, a monumental work that further influenced the English language and its development, particularly with its prose and widespread use.

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1755: First English Dictionary by Samuel Johnson

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1755: First English Dictionary by Samuel Johnson

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In 1755, Samuel Johnson's publication of the first English dictionary marked the standardization of the meaning of words, an important step in solidifying Modern English.

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The first grammar book by Lindley Murray in 1795 standardized English grammar rules, providing clear guidelines for the language's structure.

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The publication of Lindley Murray's first spelling book in 1804 contributed to the standardization of English spelling, helping to shape Modern English into a standardized language.

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By 1880, the process of standardization in spelling, meaning, and grammar had established English firmly as a modern international language. This period marked the culmination of centuries of linguistic evolution.