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The relationship between parent and child is a critical aspect of everyone's life, how they grow up and who they become are intrinsically linked to this bond. This relationship changes and adapts to the individuals, creating a new and mature attachment that evolves with the parent and child. We are looking at this bond and what changes as the child ages, as well as what practices are most beneficial for the developing child.

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How do independence and interdependence change based on the environment?

Before college

After College

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Elsy Rodriguez

Spanish Translation

Phone conversation

Gina Rodriguez

Phone Conversation

Completed Twice due to technical difficulties

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Kagitcibasi (2005)

Two-dimensional framework

Agency:

Autonomy: subject to one's own rule

Heteronomy: Subject to another's rule

Interpersonal Distance: Degree of connection from others

Relatedness: Bounderis are fused with others

Separateness: Well-defined boundaries

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Autonomous-Separate

Autonomous-Related

Heteronomous-Separated

Heteronomus-Related

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“Independence is doing things on their own without the parent having to ask… or doing school work when you get home. I put on clothes to wash. I put them to dry. I cleaned up my room. I also try to clean up her [her mother’s] room… anything that my mom would need to do, I would try to do them first before her so that I can take off that pressure.”

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"Because with love you can raise them in a way that is dual, where we can raise them to be dependent but at the same time independent. We need to have respect for what our kids think, feel, and want. Just because we are parents, it does not mean we can impose what we want"

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"Not to live but to benefit"

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Autonomous-Relatedness Category

Gina displays independent behavior as a form of connection with her mother and family

Elsy emphasizes autonomy to benefit relatedness and create environments of warmth.

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Christian

Graduate

Lives with parents

Talks about how his relationship with his parents has changed and adapted throughout his life and what its like now

Nick

Current student

Lives on campus

Contrasts his relationship with his parents now with how it used to be and with Christian’s experience

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The Bloom Taxonomy is a framework that shows the cognitive skills that educators aim to develop within students

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Interview was in person simultaneously in one sitting

Talked openly and to each other about the questions asked

Sounds like a podcast

Open dialogue between all parties

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Updated bloom framework

Christian

Would not change much, allow child to make mistakes so they can learn themselves

subtle guidance to enrich character

Nick

Would structure life more, less independence and more goal driven

"The worst thing in life is a waste of talent"

Both depends on case by case basis. Each child is different and requires different levels of attention

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"The relationship has changed and I feel I've grown closer to my parents now that Im out of college, I can feel like im more on the same level as them (more like a peer)"

As seen in field notes, the expected wall of parents and children was not there and the environment was a catalyst for a peer dynamic

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What does this look like in the real world?

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Family culture is an environment fostered by the parents and children. It is a microcosm of all things that are unique to us and make us who we are, our values, background, status, etc, are all ingrained in this environment.

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Subotnik et al., (2011)

Takes the Bloom framework of learning and development and updates it for a more modern audience

“It is within the macrosystem that cultural views of child-rearing, giftedness and talent, and achievement pathways emerge to affect the beliefs and behaviors of parents and teachers” (Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, & Arnold, 2011, p. 5).

The researchers look into different characteristics within the family unit that would foster talent within the child

Most important aspect

Family Support

early parental involvement is crucial to a Child's development, and the continued support through the Child's life lends itself to the most significant benefits

fostering a positive family culture where the child can be safe to express themselves and creating a strong environment that holds positive morals will ingrain the morals into the child taking them wherever they go

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Bailey et al., (2018).

Looks at the research methods used to examine past studies

Points out shortcomings and possible solutions to the missing research

This shows how complex the family unit is, it is an intersection of all aspects that make up the individual and when studied there needs to be a complex framework that does not simplify it

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Krys et al., 2022

How psychologists measure wellbeing

Research measured life satisfaction based on:

individual-based measure

family-based measures

Participants were asked how much the ideal person idealized each type of wellbeing

Some countries value a certain type of well-being over the other while some value them equally

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Understanding the Nuance of Independence and Interdependence 

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Understanding the Nuance of Independence and Interdependence 

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Hooker et al., 2023

What are the factors that are conducive to the collective and individualistic mindset?

Economic status:

Ethnicity/race

Foreign-born Latinos/African Americans

U.S born Latinos/ African Americans

European households

Economic status had little income in foreign-born Latinos/African Americans

Lower economic status correlated with higher interdependence in Europeans and U.S.-born households

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Overall, our collective data has shown the importance of being aware of cultural/familial differences

Independent vs interdependent values are not one-size-fits-all

Family Support as a foundation