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https://twitter.com/POLITICOEurope/status/1674292066119974912?s=20

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El acuerdo de gobierno en Náquera (Valencia) entre Vox, ganador de las elecciones, y el PP incluye medidas como la retirada de banderas LGTBI de los edificios oficiales y sustituir las concentraciones contra la violencia machista por actos "contra toda violencia" o "contra la violencia".

Así se desprende del acuerdo que Vox ha compartido en sus redes sociales y que ha permitido la investidura de Iván Expósito como alcalde de este pueblo de 7.700 habitantes el pasado sábado. Vox ha obtenido 4 concejales y el PP, 3 en las elecciones municipales del pasado 28 de mayo. Entre los puntos del acuerdo se encuentran la "promoción de los valores constitucionales" y el compromiso de no colocar banderas LGTBI en balcones y fachadas de instalaciones municipales.

El punto 16, además, incluye: " Sustituir las concentraciones de 'no a la violencia machista' por 'no a la violencia' o 'condenamos toda violencia'. Otros puntos son la "celebración del día de la Constitución y la Hispanidad" en el municipio, en alusión al 6 de diciembre y al 12 de octubre, o el "ajuste de la política de subvenciones municipal" con la "supresión de aquellas que no tengan una marcada función social, deportiva, cultural" y de las destinadas "a financiar entidades independentistas y pancatalanistas".

También se establece como punto del acuerdo el " recorte del gasto político socialmente improductivo, revisando las partidas de publicidad institucional y gastos superfluos", y la delegación de competencias en materia de comunicación institucional, redes y prensa estará en manos de una concejal de Vox. Además, se acuerda la "neutralidad institucional en el ámbito cultural", la "defensa de las tradiciones y cultura valenciana así como de las fiestas populares del municipio" y la "defensa de la propiedad frente a la ocupación ilegal".

En el equipo de Gobierno, uno de los cuatro concejales de Vox tendrán las competencias de Tradiciones y Festejos Taurinos, Comunicación Institucional, Protocolo, Patrimonio, Aguas, Agricultura, Caza y Ganadería. Otro de ellos contará con las competencias de Administración Local, Familia, Vida y Tercera Edad, Urbanizaciones y Nuevas Tecnologías, mientras que el tercero de los ediles tendrá Bienestar Social, Recursos Humanos, Sanidad, Educación y Atención al Ciudadano y el alcalde tendrá competencias de Hacienda, Seguridad Ciudadana y Régimen Interior.

Entre los concejales del PP se repartirán las competencias de Urbanismo, Obras Públicas, Servicios municipales, Deportes, Parques y jardines, por una parte, Emergencias, Juventud, Cultura y Fiestas, por otra y, por último, Turismo, Empleo, Desarrollo Local, Comercio, Industria y Ferias. Desde el PSPV-PSOE de Náquera han considerado que este acuerdo es "el pacto de la vergüenza y del odio", fruto de "la dupla de la derecha y la extrema derecha que convierte a Náquera en laboratorio de las políticas de discriminación hacia los colectivos víctimas de mayor violencia". Asimismo, han invitado a los vecinos de la localidad a colocar banderas arcoíris en sus balcones y ventanas, "con los colores que el nuevo gobierno niega a toda la sociedad".

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Vox y PP acuerdan quitar las banderas LGTBI y los actos contra violencia machista en Náquera (Valencia)

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El acuerdo de Gobierno entre Vox y PP alza a la extrema derecha a la alcaldía y contempla medidas como la retirada de banderas LGTBI en edificios públicos y "sustituir las concentraciones de 'no a la violencia machista' por 'no a la violencia'".

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Fiebre - Supremme de Luxe y las reinas finalistas | Videoclip completo | Drag Race España

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Homofobia institucional en la Unión Europea

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Homofobia institucional en la Unión Europea

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Españoles en conflictos La homofobia, Polonia

Viajamos a Polonia, el país con menos derechos de Europa para el colectivo LGTB y donde el gobierno habla de este como una ideología dañina.

Programas no recomendados para menores de 12 años (NR12) Programas no recomendados para menores de 12 años (NR12)

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La homofobia, Polonia | Españoles en conflictos

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Viajamos a Polonia, el país con menos derechos de Europa para el colectivo LGTB y donde el gobierno habla de este como una ideología dañina.

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STOP HOMOFOBIA

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Retrato de una mujer en llamas - El cine de La 2

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Bretaña francesa, 1770. Marianne es una pintora que debe realizar el retrato matrimonial de Héloïse, una joven que acaba de dejar el convento.

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Libros (poesía y literatura)📚:
Sonetos del amor oscuro - García Lorca

De corazón y alma - Cartas entre Carmen Laforet con Elena Fortún

Orlando - Virginia Woolf

Los llanos - Federico Falco

Árbol de Diana - Alejandra Pizarnik

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Accedeix a la versió amb audiodescripció Accedeix a la versió amb audiodescripció

Amb 18 anys, Kian, conegut com a Krow, comença a fer la transició per convertir-se en un home. Abans, havia fet de model femenina des dels 12 anys, però mai es va acabar de sentir bé en un cos de noia, cosa que també li va suposar patir assetjament escolar. Seguirem el procés d'en Krow amb l'ajut d'entrevistes amb familiars i amics, que també han seguit el seu propi procés de transició, fins que torni a intentar introduir-se en el món de la moda, aquesta vegada com a model masculí. La història de Krow és un relat inspirador sobre com trobar el valor per ser un mateix.

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Sense ficció - La transformació d'en Krow

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Amb 18 anys, Kian, conegut com a Krow, comença a fer la transició per convertir-se en un home. Abans, havia fet de model femenina des dels 12 anys, però mai es va acabar de sentir bé en un cos de noia, cosa que també li va suposar patir assetjament escolar.

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Por normalizar el sexo LGTBIQ+ entre adolescentes

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Título original

Sex Education

Año

2019

Duración

45 min.

País

Reino Unido

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Música

Fotografía

Compañías

Coproducción Reino Unido-Estados Unidos;

Género

Serie de TV. Comedia | Adolescencia. Colegios & Universidad. Sexualidad y pornografía

Sinopsis

Serie de TV (2019-2023). 4 temporadas. 32 episodios. Como el inseguro Otis (Asa Butterfield) tiene respuesta para cualquier duda sobre sexo gracias a que su madre (Gillian Anderson) es sexóloga, una compañera le anima a abrir una "consultoría sexual" en el instituto. (FILMAFFINITY)

En junio de 2023 se confirmó el final de la serie tras su 4ª temporada en septiembre.

Posición en rankings FA

Premios

2021: Premios BAFTA TV: 4 nominaciones, incl. mejor actor principal comedia (Gatwa)

2020: Premios BAFTA TV: Mejor actriz principal TV - Comedia (Wood). 6 nom.

2019: Premios BAFTA TV: 3 nominaciones, incl. mejor actor principal comedia (Gatwa)

2021: Critics Choice Awards: Nominada a mejor actor secundario comedia (Gatwa)

Críticas

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o distribuidor/a de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

Últimas películas visitadas

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Sex Education (Serie de TV) es una serie de televisión dirigida por Laurie Nunn (Creador) , Kate Herron ... con Asa Butterfield, Ncuti Gatwa, Emma Mackey, Gillian Anderson .... Año: 2019. Título original: Sex Education. Sinopsis: Serie de TV (2019-2023). 4 temporadas. 32 episodios.

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Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad:

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Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad: https://t.co/YiHsgKe3iQ

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Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad: pic.twitter.com/YiHsgKe3iQ
— ✨🏳️‍⚧️🏳️‍🌈𝖕𝖔𝖓𝖘𝖎 🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️✨ (@carlesponsi) June 28, 2023

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Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad: https://t.co/YiHsgKe3iQ

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.metadata.attachment_props.original_text
Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad: https://t.co/YiHsgKe3iQ

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Recordad, si queréis haceros lxs aliadxs y mandar mensajes de verdadera utilidad:

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Campaña publicitaria de la marca Magnum que habla de ser real y fiel a lo que eres y lo que te gusta.
La manera más linda de decir "embrace who you are" 🥰

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'Be true to your pleasure', de Lola para Magnum

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por normalizarnos y hablar sobre personas como nosotros en un horario nada habitual durante 14 años. 

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reinas de la visibilidad lésbica y creadoras del concepto "lesbiana de Sevilla"

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retos "amor lgbt" vlogs "tik tok" "las tukus" lesbianas "abuson y once" entretenimiento bromas "tik tok españa" "tik tok lgbt" parejas challenge "juegos en p...

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holaa tukubers!! somos Conchi y Rosa conocidas como las tukus.Este es nuestro canal en youtube en el que os mostraremos videos de comedia,retos y video blogs.No olvideis suscribiros,darle like y activar la campanita!!!! seguirnos tambien en: INSTAGRAM:@lastukus TIKTOK:lastukus

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Serie basada en la vida de la increíble Emily Dickinson.

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Dickinson — Season 2 Official Trailer | Apple TV+

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La puedes ver en Disney+
Es una serie que además de muy divertida, esta llena de moralejas sobre la vida, la familia, la aceptación de uno mismo y muuuucho humor!

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https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film906532.html

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Título original

Shameless (TV Series)

Año

2011

Duración

50 min.

País

Estados Unidos

Dirección

Paul Abbott (Creador), Mark Mylod , Mimi Leder , John Wells , Sanaa Hamri , Anthony Hemingway , David Nutter , John Dahl , Gary B. Goldman , Christopher Chulack , Peter Segal , Alex Graves , Iain B. MacDonald , Todd Holland , Scott Frank , Adam Bernstein , Wendey Stanzler , Danny Cannon , William H. Macy , Michael Uppendahl , Lynn Shelton , Emmy Rossum

Guion

Paul Abbott, John Wells, Nancy Pimental, Alex Borstein, Cindy Caponera, Etan Frankel, Dominique Morisseau, LaToya Morgan, Sheila Callaghan, Lisa Morales, Davey Holmes, Krista Vernoff

Música

Fil Eisler, Mark Mothersbaugh

Fotografía

Rodney Charters, James M. Muro

Reparto

William H. Macy , Emmy Rossum , Ethan Cutkosky , Shanola Hampton , Justin Chatwin , Steve Howey , Emma Kenney , Jeremy Allen White , Cameron Monaghan , Joan Cusack , Laura Wiggins , Zach McGowan , Stephanie Fantauzzi , Michael Patrick McGill , Emma Greenwell , Noel Fisher , Dennis Cockrum , Danika Yarosh , Dermot Mulroney , Jane Levy , Brenden Sims , Isidora Goreshter , Mike Cochrane , Emily Bergl , Vanessa Bell Calloway , Courteney Cox , Katey Sagal , Chloe Webb , Christian Isaiah , Kellen Michael , Jim Hoffmaster , Alan Rosenberg , Ruby Modine , Scott Michael Campbell , Nichole Bloom , Richard Flood , Zack Pearlman , Sammi Hanratty , Sherilyn Fenn , Harry Hamlin , June Squibb , Sasha Alexander , Elliot Fletcher

Productora

Bonanza Productions, Warner Bros. Television . Emitida por Showtime

Género

Serie de TV. Comedia. Drama | Familia. Alcoholismo. Remake. Comedia negra

Sinopsis

Serie de TV (2011-Actualidad). Narra el día a día de la peculiar y disfuncional familia Gallagher, en la que el irresponsable Frank (William H. Macy), un desastroso padre soltero y alcohólico, se esfuerza muy poco por educar a sus seis inteligentes, salvajes e independientes hijos. En realidad la verdadera responsable de sacar adelante a la familia es la hija mayor, Fiona, una joven llena de recursos que ha tenido que madurar antes de tiempo haciendo el papel de madre. Remake de una serie británica homónima. (FILMAFFINITY)

Premios

2018: Emmy: Nominada a mejor actor comedia (William H. Macy)

2017: Emmy: Nominada a mejor actor comedia (William H. Macy)

2016: Emmy: Nominada a mejor actor comedia (William H. Macy)

2015: Emmy: Mejor actriz invitada (Joan Cusack)

2014: Emmy: 3 nominaciones incluyendo Mejor actor (Macy) y actriz invitada (Cusack)

2013: Emmy: Nominada a mejor actriz invitada (Joan Cusack)

Críticas

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o el director de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

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Director: Paul Abbott (Creador), Mark Mylod, Mimi Leder ... | Reparto: William H. Macy, Emmy Rossum, Ethan Cutkosky, Shanola Hampton ... | Género: Serie de TV | Sinopsis: Serie de TV (2011-Actualidad). Narra el día a día de la peculiar y disfuncional familia Gallagher, en la que el irresponsable Frank (William H.

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https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film833233.html

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Título original

Disobedience

Año

2017

Duración

114 min.

País

Reino Unido

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Música

Fotografía

Compañías

Coproducción Reino Unido-Estados Unidos-Irlanda;

Género

Romance. Drama | Drama romántico. Homosexualidad. Religión

Sinopsis

Una mujer que se crió en una familia ortodoxa judía regresa a su hogar con motivo de la muerte de su padre, un rabino. La controversia no tardará en aparecer cuando comienza a mostrar interés por una vieja amiga de la infancia. (FILMAFFINITY)

Premios

2018: British Independent Film Awards: Mejor actor sec. (Nivola). 5 nom.

2017: Festival de Toronto: Presentación especial

Críticas

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o distribuidor/a de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

Últimas películas visitadas

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Género: Romance | Sinopsis: Una mujer que se crió en una familia ortodoxa judía regresa a su hogar con motivo de la muerte de su padre, un rabino. La controversia no tardará en aparecer cuando comienza a mostrar interés por una ...

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I am sharing this book by Virginia Woolf because as I read yesterday, a play adaptation has been banned in a theatre in Madrid. If you can read the book or see the movie adaptation, you will discover a masterpiece by Virginia Woolf and LGTB literature.

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Paquita Salas hablando sobre "la pluma"...

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Paquita Salas hablando sobre "la pluma"...

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QUÉ HAGO?! LA BAJO LA PLUMA?!

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La pluma 🪶 #paquitasalas #bajalapluma #magui #netflix #tvseriesnetflix #lgbt #foruyou 

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@mr.verde_
La pluma 🪶 #paquitasalas #bajalapluma #magui #netflix #tvseriesnetflix #lgbt #foruyou
♬ original sound - Mr. Verde

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tú eres hemosexual o mariquita? Lola Flores

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tú eres hemosexual o mariquita? Lola Flores

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Un clásico que cumple 20 años, pionera en la forma de mostrar la homosexualidad en TV

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Un clásico que cumple 20 años, pionera en la forma de mostrar la homosexualidad en TV

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Roberto y Lucía están felices por mudarse al nuevo piso, pero desconocen la comunidad de vecinos que les espera. En la calle Desengaño, convivirán con sus vecinos un tanto peculiares. Por un lado, Marisa, Vicenta y Concha, tres jubiladas cotillas. Alicia y Belén, jóvenes desempleadas. El presidente…

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Título original

Love, Simon

Año

2018

Duración

110 min.

País

Estados Unidos

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Música

Fotografía

Compañías

Género

Romance. Comedia. Drama | Comedia romántica. Adolescencia. Homosexualidad. Amistad. Colegios & Universidad. Young Adult

Sinopsis

Simon Spiers es un joven de 16 años con una vida normal, unos padres geniales, una hermana pequeña adorable y un estupendo grupo de amigos. Pero Simon tiene un secreto: es gay. Cuando un día uno de sus e-mails cae en manos equivocadas, Simon verá cómo las cosas se complican extraordinariamente, y deberá enfrentarse a una situación que pondrá en peligro la vida que llevaba hasta ese momento. (FILMAFFINITY)

Premios

2018: Festival de Valladolid - Seminci: Premio de la Seminci Joven

2018: Satellite Awards: Nominada a mejor actor comedia (Robinson) y canción

Críticas

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o distribuidor/a de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

Últimas películas visitadas

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Género: Romance | Sinopsis: Simon Spiers es un joven de 16 años con una vida normal, unos padres geniales, una hermana pequeña adorable y un estupendo grupo de amigos. Pero Simon tiene un secreto: es gay. Cuando un día uno de ...

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cuando la transfobia ocupaba los prime time de televisión.

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LA VENENO vs NOVA cara a cara COMPLETO!!!!

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The Stonewall Inn is a gay bar and recreational tavern in New York City, and the site of the Stonewall riots of 1969, which is widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights

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The Stonewall Inn (also known as Stonewall) is a gay bar and recreational tavern at 53 Christopher Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was the site of the 1969 Stonewall riots, which led to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States. When the riots occurred, Stonewall was one of a relative few gay bars in New York City. The original gay bar occupied two structures at 51-53 Christopher Street, which were built as horse stables in the 1840s.

The original Stonewall Inn was founded in 1930 as a speakeasy on Seventh Avenue South. It relocated in 1934 to Christopher Street, where it operated as a restaurant until 1966. Four mafiosos associated with the Genovese crime family bought the restaurant and reopened it as a gay bar in early 1967. The Stonewall Inn was a popular hangout for gay men, particularly for youth and those on the fringes of the gay community. Stonewall operated as a private club because it was not allowed to obtain a liquor license; police raided the bar frequently, in spite of bribes from the owners. The Stonewall riots of June 28 to July 3, 1969, took place following one such raid.

The bar went out of business shortly after the riots, and the two buildings were divided and leased to various businesses over the years. In 1990, Jimmy Pisano opened a new bar at 53 Christopher Street, which was initially named New Jimmy's before becoming Stonewall. After Pisano's death in 1994, his boyfriend Thomas Garguilo took over the bar, followed by Dominic DeSimone and Bob Gurecki. The Stonewall Inn closed in 2006, and it reopened in March 2007 after Bill Morgan, Tony DeCicco, Kurt Kelly, and Stacy Lentz acquired the bar. The structure at 51 Christopher Street became a visitor center for the Stonewall National Monument in the 2020s.

The buildings themselves are architecturally undistinguished, with a facade of brick and stucco. The original bar's interior has been modified significantly over the years. The modern bar hosts various events and performances, and its owners also operate an LGBT advocacy organization. The Stonewall Inn became a tourist attraction and a symbol of the LGBT community after the riots, and various works of media about the bar have been created over the years. In part because of its impact on LGBT culture, the Stonewall Inn is the first LGBT cultural site designated as a National Historic Landmark and a New York City designated landmark. The bar is also part of the Stonewall National Monument, the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the LGBT rights movement.

The Stonewall Inn buildings at 51-53 Christopher Street, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, were constructed as double-height horse stables. The older of the two buildings is 51 Christopher Street, which was built in 1843 by A. Voorhis and expanded to three stories in 1898. The other structure, 53 Christopher Street, was built in 1846; it was originally used by Mark Spencer before becoming a bakery operated by Baptiste Ycre in 1914. The then-owner of the buildings, Henry J. Harper, hired the architect William Bayard in 1930 to combine and redesign the structures in the Arts & Crafts style. The two structures were reclad in stucco, and the third story atop 51 Christopher Street was removed. The ground floor continued to host a bakery until 1933, while the Ycre family lived on the second floor.

Meanwhile, Vincent Bonavia had opened Bonnie's Stone Wall (or Bonnie's Stonewall) at 91 Seventh Avenue South, near the Christopher Street buildings, in 1930. Bonnie's Stonewall might have been named after The Stone Wall, a lesbian autobiography by Mary Casal. The historian David Carter wrote that, even in the 1930s, this may have been an attempt to subtly welcome queer women. The bar was a secret speakeasy that illegally sold alcohol during Prohibition in the United States; as a consequence, it was raided in December 1930. Bonavia relocated to 51-53 Christopher Street in 1934, after Prohibition was repealed. The architect Harry Yarish installed a large vertical sign on the facade and a doorway with columns around the entrance to 53 Christopher Street. The interior was designed in the style of a hunting lodge.

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) wrote that, despite a lack of documentation on Stonewall's early history, "sources suggest that it was among the most notorious of the tearooms operating in the Village in the early 1930s". The restaurant hosted various banquets and weddings, as well as events including a 1935 dinner for the Greenwich Village Association and a 1961 reunion party for performers involved with the play Summer and Smoke. The eatery had become Bonnie's Stonewall Inn by the 1940s and the Stonewall Inn Restaurant by the 1950s or 1960s. The interior of the restaurant was destroyed by fire in the 1960s, and the structures at 51 through 61 Christopher Street were sold in March 1965. Sources disagree over whether the new owner was Burt and Lucille Handelsman, or Joel Weiser. The restaurant had definitely shuttered by 1966. After the restaurant closed, the buildings were vacant; the signs above the ground-story windows were removed, and the second story of the facade was patched.

Stonewall Inn's location on Greenwich Village's street grid

Greenwich Village had become an LGBT neighborhood as early as the 1930s. The neighborhood's LGBT community was originally concentrated around Greenwich Avenue and Washington Square Park, but, by the 1960s, had started to move westward along Christopher Street. To cater to the growing LGBT community, in 1966, four mafiosos associated with the Genovese crime family paid $3,500 for the Stonewall Inn, turning the restaurant into a gay bar. The team of owners were led by "Fat Tony" Lauria; he paid $2,000 for the restaurant, and three other mobsters named Zookie Zarfas, Tony the Sniff, and Joey paid $500 each. It was one of several gay bars operated by the Genovese syndicate in New York City. Matty Ianniello, a Genovese mafioso who controlled various mob-operated bars, collected a portion of the bar's profits.

The owners believed that a business catering to the LGBT community might turn a profit; in return, they demanded regular payoffs for protection. Stonewall's owners could not obtain a liquor license because state law in the 1960s did not allow bartenders to legally serve LGBT people. At the time, the New York State Liquor Authority (NYSLA) regarded any LGBT person in a bar as engaging in disorderly conduct. Frequent raids against gay bars forced most of the state's private gay bars to close, except for those operated by mobsters. Furthermore, gay people who were arrested risked losing their jobs, homes, and families. By contrast, members of private clubs could bring their own alcoholic beverages under New York state law. Accordingly, Lauria and his co-owners acquired a private club's license for Stonewall, as they intended to serve LGBT people without obtaining a license from the NYSLA.

After acquiring the buildings, the owners renovated the exterior, blacked out the windows for privacy, and reinforced the wooden front doors with steel plates in anticipation of police raids. The new operators added peepholes and several locks to the front doors, and they removed the columns that flanked the original entrance. The operators also placed 2×4 pieces of wood behind the windows so the police could not easily enter through the windows during a raid. The interior was painted black because that color was used in other gay bars and it would hide the interior's burn damage. The new owners retained the Stonewall Restaurant's old name so they did not have to replace the exterior sign (although the word "restaurant" was officially dropped from the name, that word was not painted over on the sign). At the time of the conversion, LGBT bars and straight bars had similar facades, though LGBT bars tended to have an intentionally rundown appearance so straight patrons would be discouraged from going to these bars.

The exterior of Stonewall Inn in 2012. At the time of Stonewall's conversion into a gay bar, the facade was nondescript.[43]

Stonewall opened as a gay bar on March 18, 1967. It had two dance floors in addition to a long bar, jukebox, tables, and seating booths. The facade was nondescript, and the only external indication of the club's existence was a small sign proclaiming that it was a private, members-only club. When it opened, Stonewall "was a small gay bar just like any other", as the LGBT newspaper would later describe it. Its manager was Ed Murphy (also known as the Skull), an ex-convict who was known for sitting motionless around the bar and watching patrons.

Patrons were generally below the age of 35 and were predominantly in their teens or early twenties, though men in their late twenties and early thirties congregated around the main room's bar. Most patrons were young gay men of various races and occupations, though Stonewall did also accept women (regardless of sexuality), transsexuals, and transvestites. It is unknown to what extent women patronized the bar, though several observers interviewed by David Carter described the bar as being almost exclusively male. These observers also said that almost all of the lesbians at Stonewall were butch lesbians. Due to differing terminologies used in the late 1960s, it is also unknown to which extent transvestites visited the bar, but Carter writes that the number of transsexual and transvestite customers was not insignificant. Many homeless young men slept across the street in Christopher Park and would often try to enter so customers would buy them drinks.

Despite the poor conditions, the Stonewall Inn's popularity endured. Stonewall was the only bar for gay men in New York City where dancing was allowed, and dancing was its main draw after it opened as a gay club. Of the two bar rooms, the main room to the east typically played mainstream rock. There was a jukebox behind the bar in the main room; patrons could pay to have a song played on the jukebox. In addition to dancing, the main room was a popular place for gay men to congregate and cruise, and there were a small number of tables with candles. There was typically a single waiter in the main room, which was often called the "white room" because of its music and clientele.

The bar's lack of a license made it vulnerable to police raids. The owners gave cash bribes to the NYPD's 6th Precinct (within which the bar was located) to stave off raids. A magazine article, published five months after the bar's opening, implied that the bar paid the police around $1,200 a month. Some observers such as the activist Craig Rodwell objected to the payoffs because of the corruption involved. In addition, despite these payoffs, Stonewall was raided once a month on average, and it was raided even more frequently before elections or when local residents complained. Seymour Pine, a police inspector who later led the raid that caused the Stonewall riots, said his team frequently raided gay bars because LGBT people did not fight back when they were arrested. Pine recalled that limousines carrying wealthy patrons would come to the bar on Saturdays, so he tried to avoid raiding the bar on these nights.

By June 1969, campaigning for that year's mayoral election had precipitated frequent raids in local bars, including one at the Stonewall Inn less than a week before the Stonewall riots. The raids targeted not only gay bars but also straight bars frequented by minorities, and several clubs in Greenwich Village closed because of these raids. According to Rodwell and the novelist Edmund White, the new captain of the NYPD's 6th Precinct had ordered the raids in Greenwich Village. In a 1987 retrospective, Robert Amsel wrote in the LGBT magazine The Advocate that many LGBT people were in favor of the raids because they did not want the bars to be operated by the mafia; according to Amsel, these critics did not see that "without the mafia's money, there might not have been any gay bars to legitimize".

A "Raided Premises" sign hung inside the modern Stonewall Inn, 2016

The Stonewall riots started in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969. According to a Daily News article from the time, the NYPD had obtained a warrant to raid the bar because it was illegally serving liquor; later accounts said the raid was precipitated by an anonymous tip that the Mafia was trading stolen bonds. In any case, it was the first time the NYPD did not give the managers advance notice of a raid. Around 1:20 a.m., a team of eight undercover officers, led by Pine, raided the bar. As was customary, the police began to check patrons' identification. The routine raid did not go as planned, as patrol wagons for the arrested patrons took longer to arrive than expected. A scuffle broke out when a butch lesbian in handcuffs was escorted from the door of the bar to the waiting police wagon several times. The police tried to restrain some of the crowd and knocked a few people down, which incited bystanders even more. Eventually, the police were barricaded inside; the crowd was not cleared until 4:00 a.m.

Almost everything in the Stonewall Inn was broken in the riots, and what little liquor remained was given away for free afterward. Stonewall's windows were covered with boards the night of the riots, and graffitied messages in support of LGBT rights and gay bars appeared on the bar's facade the day afterward. The riot was covered in the city's major media outlets, including in radio and newspapers. Another demonstration took place on June 29; it attracted hundreds of protesters, both gay and straight. Activity in Greenwich Village was sporadic over the next two days due to inclement weather, but another riot took place on July 2. The riots ultimately ended on July 3, when the NYPD dispersed the protests. Allen Ginsberg, a beat poet who witnessed the riots, said that "the guys there were so beautiful-they've lost that wounded look that fags all had 10 years ago".

Stonewall Miami Beach before the 1974 fire

By the end of 1969, the Stonewall Inn had closed; sources disagree on whether it was shuttered in October or in December. Carter writes that the bar's downfall may have been because of its infamy, the fact that it had no liquor license, and resentment toward the mafiosos who operated the bar. Pine claimed that he had been ordered to raid the bar because it was blackmailing wealthy patrons, but Carter could not find evidence to corroborate this claim. A Newsday article from 1970 described Stonewall as "still a battered, broken place, with a For Rent sign on it now".

Even after the closure of the bar, the Stonewall riots inspired activist movements around the U.S. Another Stonewall opened at 211 22nd Street in Miami Beach, Florida, in 1972. Two patrons there filed a lawsuit against the local police chief in 1973, asserting malicious harassment. The Miami Beach establishment burned down shortly before 7:00 a.m. on March 2, 1974, following a suspected arson.

Manny E. Duell, the operator of a holding company named 51 to 61 Christopher Corp., took over the buildings in March 1970. The owners submitted alteration plans to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission and the New York City Department of Buildings in late 1970, as they sought to convert 51 to 53 Christopher Street into a restaurant and non-alcoholic bar. The new venue would have retained most of the 1967 bar's interior decorations, but the architects planned to replace the damaged doors and windows. By 1973, the original gay bar had been divided into two storefronts at the ground level and apartments on the second story. The Gay Activists Alliance planned to install a plaque on the buildings, as it did not have enough money to buy the structures for preservation purposes. There were numerous attempts to install a commemorative plaque or a statue on or near the bar buildings, but these efforts received criticisms for failing to sufficiently acknowledge nonwhite or transgender people.

Storefront window in 2014

At the end of 1996, Ben Duell, who owned the building, refused to renew DeSimone's lease unless the latter agreed to expand the bar into the vacant second story. The space at 53 Christopher Street was renovated into a multi-floor nightclub at a cost of $200,000. it included a 95-seat bar room on the second floor. DeSimone needed a permit to operate a dance club within the bar, as it was less than 100 feet from a residential building, but the local Manhattan Community Board 2 unanimously voted against giving him a dance-club permit in early 1997. Despite not having a dance permit, DeSimone decided to open a dance floor on the second story in June 1997, prompting complaints from residents of the nearby condominium building at 45 Christopher Street. By 1999, number 51 was still a clothing store. The bar at number 53 sold souvenirs and was one of several remaining gay bars on the street.

The bar buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1999 and further designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2000. Due to repeated noise complaints, by the 2000s, patrons were required to enter through an adjacent building on Seventh Avenue South, rather than the main Christopher Street entrance. The city government charged the club's owners with several safety violations during this decade. According to one member of Manhattan Community Board 2, the owners were reportedly closing curtains (which was disallowed because the club held a New York state liquor license) and allowing sexually explicit shows inside.

By early 2006, Stonewall's beverage suppliers were suing its operators. The LGBT community generally either did not know the bar was open or were not interested in the events hosted there. In the bar itself, there were no indications of the riots that had taken place there, except for framed newspaper articles on the walls. The Pink News attributed the bar's decline to long-running resentment between different groups of patrons, but neglect, gross mismanagement, and noise complaints from neighbors were also cited as reasons for its downfall. The bar was forced to close again later in 2006 after losing its liquor license, and the storefront at number 53 was available for rent by that August. Stonewall's furnishings, such as bar stools, were placed on sale. At that point, Stonewall's monthly rent was $20,000, making it unlikely that it would reopen as a bar. Kurt Kelly, a local businessman who later helped take over the bar, said: "This is gay history. It's like abusing the Liberty Bell."

Around 2007, the bar was taken over by the businessmen Bill Morgan, Tony DeCicco, and Kurt Kelly, along with the bar's first lesbian investor, Stacy Lentz. Morgan told the LGBT newspaper that "When we went looking for investors to save the Stonewall people came out of the woodwork. Gay and straight." An NPR reporter stated that the co-owners sought to renovate the bar to approximate its 1969 appearance, although they did not necessarily wish to operate the bar as a museum. The Stonewall Inn reopened in March 2007. Lentz hung a costume in the window to honor the actress Judy Garland, a gay icon who had died a few days before the riots; the costume resembled the dress worn by Garland's character Dorothy in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Kelly said that, after the bar reopened, other bars nearby saw increased business. The bar recorded few issues, other than sporadic violent incidents. One commentator for the Gay and Lesbian Review, writing in 2009, said that the modern bar's "crowd veers toward a random mix of tourists, city kids, and bridge-and-tunnel gays" but that its symbolism was still important.

During the 2010s, the Stonewall Inn continued to attract regular customers, although one of the bartenders described tourists as comprising most of the visitors. There was a gift shop behind the bar room. The neighboring structure, at 51 Christopher Street, was operating as a nail salon. The Duell family sold 51-53 Christopher Street and five other buildings in 2015 to a holding company associated with Alan Wasserman, which paid $57 million. After the Stonewall National Monument was established around the bar in 2016, the LGBT-rights organization Pride Live tried to develop a visitor center for the monument. Pride Live began negotiating with the owner of 51 Christopher Street in 2019, as the storefront there had been vacated. One of the bar's longest-tenured staff members at the time-the bartender Tree Sequoia, who had been present during the riots-frequently told stories to visitors and was also Stonewall's international ambassador. One commentator described the bar in 2019 as displaying sponsorship banners above the entrance, while the vacant storefront at 53 Christopher Street contained posters decrying violence against LGBT people.

The bar closed temporarily in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, and Stonewall's owners unsuccessfully applied for a loan. Though the bar was allowed to start selling cocktails that June, the bar was in danger of closing permanently, so Kelly and Lentz launched two crowdfunding campaigns on GoFundMe; They raised at least $300,000 for the bar in one month, and the Gill Foundation provided another $250,000 in matching funds. Stonewall reopened in July 2020 with a limited capacity. The building at 51 Christopher Street was placed for sale in June 2021, but, after Pride Live and the owner of 51 Christopher Street came to an agreement, work on the visitor center at 51 Christopher Street commenced in June 2022. MBB Architects was hired to design the visitor center, while Local Projects was responsible for designing the exhibits. As of February 2024, the visitor center was scheduled to open on June 28, 2024.

View of the facade of 51 Christopher Street in 2003

The first Stonewall Inn occupied a pair of repurposed horse stables at 51 and 53 Christopher Street, on the northern side of the street. The modern-day bar occupies only the structure at 53 Christopher Street. The neighboring building to the east, at 51 Christopher Street, is expected to open in 2024 as the Stonewall National Monument's visitor center. Because the structures were developed separately, the roof of number 51 is slightly higher than that of number 53, and there is a party wall separating both buildings. The two buildings share a land lot with five other structures; as of 2022, these seven structures contained numerous storefronts and a combined 23 apartments.

Despite the bar's significance to the LGBT community, David W. Dunlap of The New York Times wrote: "An architectural monument, Stonewall is not". Ginia Bellafante wrote for the same newspaper in 2015 that the buildings were architecturally undistinguished but received an "A for meaning".

Surroundings

Directly south of the two structures is Christopher Park, a 0.19-acre (770 m ²; 8,300 sq ft) pocket park between Christopher, West 4th, and Grove streets. In tribute to the riots, the park has contained the Gay Liberation statue by George Segal since 1992. It also displayed a sculpture named A Love Letter to Marsha (a temporary tribute to the transgender activist Marsha P. Johnson, who was present during the riots) during 2021. The New York City Subway's Christopher Street-Sheridan Square station is next to the park; the station's artwork includes a triptych that depicts the riots.

A crosswalk at Christopher Street and Seventh Avenue South to the west, the closest intersection to the Stonewall Inn, has been painted in the colors of the LGBT rainbow flag since 2017. To the east, Christopher Street intersects Grove Street, Waverly Place (twice), and Gay Street. Parts of these roads are protected on the National Register of Historic Places along with the bar itself.

On both buildings, the facade of the first or ground story is mostly made of brick, while the second floor is clad with stucco. The building at 53 Christopher Street is two stories high and divided vertically into three bays. At ground level, the center of number 53's facade contains a rectangular, 4-by-8-foot (1.2 by 2.4 m) storefront window with a brick windowsill, which in turn is flanked by arched entrances. The entrance to the left is a narrow semicircular arch. The entrance to the right is a segmental arch, with wooden double doors. On the second story, the stucco facade is scored horizontally, and there is a rectangular iron flower-box holder beneath each of the three windows. By the 21st century, a neon sign with the bar's name was ordinarily placed in the window, while pride flags were hung on the facade.

The building at 51 Christopher Street is two stories high (previously three), with a one-story rear annex, and is four bays wide. At ground level, the left half of number 51's facade contains a rectangular, 4-by-8-foot (1.2 by 2.4 m) storefront window with a brick windowsill, similar to the window at number 53. Immediately to the right is a segmental arch, with a fanlight above wooden double doors. The bay furthest to the right has a stucco facade at ground level, with a rectangular door leading to the second floor. On the second story, the stucco facade is scored horizontally, and there is a curved iron flower-box holder beneath each of the four windows. At the time of the 1969 riots, the second floor of number 51 had a vertical sign, though this has since been removed.

Layout of the Stonewall Inn, 1969[191]

When the Stonewall Inn was turned into an LGBT bar, the bar was split into two primary rooms, one in each building. The bar had almost no decoration and scant lighting, and what little decoration did exist was destroyed on the first day of the Stonewall riots. Aside from black paint, the spaces had temporary wooden bars. According to a description of the bar from the 1960s, the decoration was so sparse that it looked "to have only recently been converted from a garage into a cabaret in about eight hours and at a cost of under fifty dollars".

The interior of the original Stonewall Inn was divided into two spaces and redesigned after the original bar closed. The western part of the bar, within 53 Christopher Street, largely retains its original layout, but the finishes have been completely replaced. The ground floor's interior decorations include a mirror occupying one wall, as well as wood paneling along the other walls. A 2009 article on the bar characterized it as a nondescript space with stools and a pool table. There is also a side room with red lighting. Inside the modern-day bar is the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor, which was established in 2019 to honor notable LGBT individuals. Accounts of the bar in the 21st century described it as containing a variety of pride flags; banknotes collected from foreign visitors; pictures and newspaper clippings about the riots; and a sign indicating that the bar had been raided.

On the second story of the bar is a dance floor. The second story of the revived bar includes a room with a capacity of 150 people; this room has a stage, a disco ball, seats with leopard print upholstery, and velour curtains. A New York magazine article described the dance floor as having a "bar mitzvah vibe" because of its decoration. According to a 2019 account, there was also a basement performance space.

The eastern part, within 51 Christopher Street, is being converted into a 3,700-square-foot (340 m ²) visitor center for the adjacent national monument. The visitor center is planned to contain interactive displays and exhibits about the bar and national monument.

The modern Stonewall Inn serves only drinks and not food; its primary beverages are vodka sodas. The drinks that have been served at the bar have included Off the Wall, a pomegranate-and-lime-juice cocktail. The bar's official beer is Brooklyn Brewery's Stonewall Inn IPA, a citrus, lemon, and grapefruit IPA that is 4.5% alcohol by volume. Co-owner Stacy Lentz said in 2021 that she mainly wanted to sell beer brands made by LGBT-friendly companies, including Brooklyn Brewery, Gay Beer, and Dyke Beer. The bar stopped selling Anheuser-Busch brands such as Bud Light in 2021 because of Anheuser-Busch's donations to numerous politicians who had introduced anti-LGBT legislation. Bud Light had been among the most popular beer brands sold at the bar when Stonewall stopped selling it.

A Condé Nast Traveler review from 2009 described the beverages as "unfussy and mainstream". Time Out and New York rank the bar's drinks as being moderately priced. The Telegraph wrote in 2018: "All that said, Stonewall is a fine place to sip a vodka soda and meet new friends."

Since the 2000s, the Stonewall Inn has hosted a variety of local music artists, drag shows, trivia nights, cabaret, karaoke, private parties, and same-sex wedding receptions. By the mid-2010s, the bar hosted events every week, such as karaoke and drag bingo, to attract regular customers. Stonewall also hosted "big gay happy hours" and screened black-and-white films near the main bar room. Time Out New York described the bar in 2021 as being frequented by tourists during the day, while hosting dance parties at night. Kelly, Morgan, and Lentz have also presented various fundraising events for LGBT nonprofit organizations. The bar has hosted celebrity performances such as those by Madonna in 2018 and Taylor Swift in 2019, as well as visits from other figures such as U.S. vice president Kamala Harris in 2023.

A public rally in front of the Stonewall Inn celebrating the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in 2011

By the 21st century, the Stonewall Inn frequently served as a gathering place for the LGBT community, especially after major events that affected LGBT people. These included celebrations in 2011, after the Marriage Equality Act legalized same-sex marriage in New York state; in 2013, after the U.S. Supreme Court decided in United States v. Windsor to recognize same-sex marriage on the federal level; and in 2015, after the Supreme Court decided in Obergefell v. Hodges to repeal all state bans on same-sex marriage. People have also convened at the bar following negative events. For example, it served as a memorial after dozens of gay men were killed in the 2016 Pulse nightclub shooting, and people protested at the bar in response to anti-LGBT actions taken by the U.S. presidential administration of Donald Trump. The bar has been the site of other LGBT-related events, such as a 2014 announcement by U.S. interior secretary Sally Jewell on LGBT historic sites, and a 2015 gay marriage ceremony. Politicians have used the bar for campaign events, such as when New York City Councilwoman Christine Quinn ran in the 2013 New York City mayoral election.

After Lentz took over the bar, she organized several events in support of LGBT rights, such as a 2013 rally for the legalization of same-sex marriage outside the bar. In 2017, Stonewall co-owners Stacy Lentz and Kurt Kelly established the Stonewall Inn Gives Back Initiative, a nonprofit LGBT-rights advocacy organization. The organization has received proceeds from the sale of the Stonewall Inn IPA and the sale of objects commemorating the Stonewall riots' 50th anniversary. Stonewall Inn Gives Back Initiative has hosted events such as a 2020 concert co-hosted by German alcohol brand Jägermeister to raise money for nightlife workers. Since 2023, the organization has presented the Stonewall Inn Brick Awards Gala, an event honoring LGBT community leaders.

Stonewall Inn Gives Back Initiative also operates a program through which LGBT-friendly events could be designated as "safe spaces". Developed in conjunction with six LGBT groups, by 2023, the program had been translated into multiple languages and was being implemented in other countries.

Although the Stonewall riots were not the first LGBT protests, they were widely considered a watershed event for the gay liberation movement. Many subsequent studies of LGBT history in the U.S. were divided into pre- and post-Stonewall analyses. Many aspects of gay and lesbian culture from before the riots, such as bar culture formed from decades of shame and secrecy, were forcefully ignored and denied, and people became less afraid of being openly LGBT. The American LGBT community become more visible following the riots, and wider acceptance of the LGBT community led to the repeal of many anti-LGBT laws and regulations. Within two years of the riots, gay-rights groups had been founded all over the U.S., such as the Gay Liberation Front and Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. The riots also inspired the creation of organizations such as the Lesbian Herstory Archives. According to The New York Times, the riots may have influenced gay bars' design, as later gay bars tended to have areas where sexual contact was encouraged.

In part because of the riots at the Stonewall Inn, LGBT businesses began to congregate around Christopher Street. By the early 1970s, other LGBT businesses had opened along the street, even as the bar itself had closed. A commentator for The Advocate wrote in 1972 that the riots had succeeded in associating Christopher Street's name with LGBT culture, while a 1982 Washington Post article described the street, and particularly the bar's site, as the "birthplace of the gay rights movement in this country".

The bar itself became a symbol of the LGBT community. The New York Times said in 1999 that the Stonewall Inn was "a powerful symbol of resistance". The Stonewall Inn has been contrasted with Julius Bar one block away (where LGBT activists staged sit-ins during the 1960s). For example, the Washington Post wrote in 1994 that Stonewall "seems to belong to another era, one that made the notion of protesting in neckties ludicrous", while The New York Times described Stonewall in 1999 as having more-radical patrons compared with Julius's. The bar is also a tourist attraction, with thousands of annual visitors. The New York City government advertised the bar as a destination for people visiting LGBT cultural sites in 2009, and Stonewall has also been included on walking tours of LGBT sites.

Christopher Street Liberation Day, on June 28, 1970, marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots; it, along with other events hosted the same day in other cities, was the first Gay Pride march in U.S. history. The Pride march became the inspiration for gay pride parades in the United States and in many other countries. A Gay Pride march has been hosted in New York City on the final Sunday of each June since the first parade in 1970, and the city government has declared June as Pride Month since 1979. Participants in each year's parade typically passed by the Stonewall site to pray and take pictures. Over a million people attended a parade commemorating the 25th anniversary of the riots in 1994; although the main parade did not pass by the Stonewall Inn, a smaller, unofficial group did march near the bar.

As part of the Stonewall 45 exhibit in 2014, which commemorated the 45th anniversary of the riots, the Arcus Foundation and Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP) placed posters in the windows of businesses on Christopher Street, including the Stonewall Inn. After the creation of the Stonewall National Monument in 2016, the charity Google.org donated $1 million toward a program to preserve the bar's history; this became the Stonewall Forever desktop app, which was launched in 2019. The bar hosted a rally as part of the Stonewall 50 - WorldPride NYC 2019 event, which took place a half-century after the riots and, with 5 million spectators, was the largest international Pride celebration in history at the time.

Both of the Christopher Street buildings are part of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission's Greenwich Village Historic District, designated in April 1969, and are also part of a National Register of Historic Places district with the same name. Though the historic district designations provided partial protection to the buildings, they could still be renovated or demolished with the LPC's approval. As early as 1973, the Gay Activists Alliance had advocated for the exterior of the bar to be designated as an individual city landmark. Seventh-day Adventist Kinship International, a support group for LGBT members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, indicated in 1985 that it would seek to have the buildings added to the NRHP as individual landmarks.

In early 1999, thirty years after the riots, the GVSHP and the Organization of Lesbian and Gay Architects and Designers jointly nominated the bar for inclusion on the NRHP. The historian Andrew Dolkart, who prepared the NRHP nomination, included Christopher Park and the surrounding streets in the nomination because of their role in the riots; the officers who had raided the bar were unfamiliar with Greenwich Village's irregular street grid, so they simply chased the crowd down these streets. The Stonewall Inn and surrounding area was formally listed on the NRHP on June 25, 1999. The NRHP designation still did not fully protect the buildings from demolition, but the designation was nonetheless unusual, as sites were generally not added to the NRHP until at least 50 years after their period of historical significance had elapsed. The area was designated a National Historic Landmark in March 2000, a label that, at the time, was given to just three percent of all NRHP sites. David Carter compared the NRHP-designated streets to an "important battlefield" in 2002, saying that "you don't want to alter any part of it".

The GVSHP began advocating for Stonewall to be designated as an individual city landmark in January 2014, following the demolition of a showroom on Park Avenue, as the group wanted the buildings' appearance to be preserved. The LPC agreed to consider designating the bar in May 2015; the Real Estate Board of New York was among the supporters of the designation. The LPC voted on June 23, 2015, to protected Stonewall as a city landmark, which was confirmed by the New York City Council later that year. Stonewall was, at the time, one of 50 city landmarks selected specifically for its symbolism, out of the city's 33,000 landmarked structures. The designation preserved the buildings' appearance but did not mandate that they continue to be used as a bar.

On June 24, 2016, President Obama designated the Stonewall Inn as part of the Stonewall National Monument (video).

There had been efforts to designate the Stonewall Inn as a U.S. national monument for several years during the 2010s, and three U.S. Congress members from New York formally proposed designating the buildings as a national monument in late 2015. Politicians and activists supported the monument designation, and New York Governor Andrew Cuomo signed legislation to allow the National Park Service to take over the nearby Christopher Park, though the bar buildings at 51 and 53 Christopher Street remained privately owned. On June 24, 2016, Cuomo named the Stonewall Inn as a State Historic Site, and U.S. President Barack Obama established a 7.7-acre (3.11 ha) area around the bar as the Stonewall National Monument. Stacy Lentz supported both the city-landmark and the national-monument designations, calling them important for LGBT history.

Stonewall was both the first LGBT cultural site ever added to the NRHP and the first official New York City landmark to be designated specifically based on its LGBT cultural significance. In addition, the Stonewall National Monument was the first U.S. national monument designated around an LGBT historic site. Following Stonewall's designation as a city landmark, the LPC sought to designate other LGBT cultural sites, such as the Audre Lorde Residence and the LGBT Community Center. Other LGBT-related sites were added to the NRHP following Stonewall's designation, including Julius Bar, James Baldwin Residence, and Caffe Cino in New York City. As of 2023, it was one of 28 NRHP sites nationwide that had been designated specifically because of their LGBT history, out of over 90,000 total NRHP listings.

The Stonewall Inn and the subsequent riots inspired the creation of various LGBT-themed works of art, such as music, literature, and visual and performing arts. St. Martin's Press launched a label for LGBT books, Stonewall Inn Editions, in 1987; the label was discontinued in 2002. Other things have been named for the bar and riots, including an LGBT retirement home in Massachusetts, an LGBT-rights organization in Salt Lake City, the British LGBT-rights group Stonewall, and a dating site. Thomas Garguilo, the bar's onetime operator, also created a Facebook page and a website about the bar's history.

No newsreel or TV footage was taken of the riots, and contemporary news articles did not describe the riot in detail, nor was it reported widely. Some reporters, such as Fred W. McDarrah of The Village Voice and Joseph Ambrosini of the New York Daily News, took a limited number of pictures of the riots and the bar itself. Additional images of the bar during the riots' final day were published in 2009, four decades after the riots. The few home movies and photographs that do exist have been used in documentaries.

The bar itself was described in various works of print media, often in association with the riots. For example, Edmund White's 1988 semi-autobiographical novel The Beautiful Room is Empty includes a first-hand account of him unintentionally encountering the Stonewall riots. Martin Duberman's 1993 book Stonewall describes the bar and the events leading up to the riots, and David Carter published a book about the bar's history, Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked the Gay Revolution, in 2004 for the 35th anniversary of the riots. The bar was the subject of Garguilo's 2018 novel Stonewall Revival: Tales Of 53 Christopher Street. and it was described in WNET's 2001 television special A Walk in Greenwich Village. The riots were depicted in movies and theater as well, such as the 1995 comedy film , the 2010 documentary Stonewall (which was based on Carter's book), the 2012 play Hit the Wall, and the 2015 drama film .

Adam, Barry (1987). The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement. G. K. Hall & Co. ISBN 978-0-8057-9714-5.

Amsel, Robert (September 15, 1987). "Back to Our Future?: A Walk On the Wild Side of Stonewall". The Advocate. No. 481. pp. 36-39, 44-49. ProQuest 2370993330.

Carter, David (2004). Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-34269-2.

Lustbader, Ken (1993). Landscape of Liberation: Preserving Gay and Lesbian History in Greenwich Village (Master's thesis). Columbia University.

New York City Gay Scene Guide. Vol. 1. Mattachine Society of New York. 1968. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023 - via Digital Culture of Metropolitan New York.

Stonewall: The Basics (PDF) (Report). Stonewall 50 Consortium. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 3, 2021.

Stonewall Inn Designation Report (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 14, 2019.

Stonewall (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. February 16, 2000.

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The Stonewall Inn (also known as Stonewall) is a gay bar and recreational tavern at 53 Christopher Street in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. It was the site of the 1969 Stonewall riots, which led to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.

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Víctor Gutiérrez, waterpolista y Secretario de políticas LGTBI del PSOE: “No vale la pena vivir detrás de una careta”

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El deportista repasa su trayectoria personal, desde que a los ocho años le llamaron maricón hasta que salió públicamente del armario y dio el salto a la política para defender los derechos del colectivo

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Mónica Naranjo cantando "Pantera en Libertad"

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Mónica Naranjo cantando "Pantera en Libertad"

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La gala de los Oscars ha dejado una reivindicación que podía haber pasado desapercibido, pero tiene una carga tremenda en un momento de hostigamiento como el que viven las drag queen en Estados Unidos. Tras ganar el Oscar a mejor dirección por 'Todo en todas partes al mismo tiempo', Daniel Scheinert dio las gracias a sus padres por, entre otras cosas, " vestirse de drag de niño", algo que " no es una amenaza para nadie".

El comentario llega en un contexto en el que las drag queens están sufriendo una auténtica cruzada, con un hostigamiento que se ha podido ver en el linchamiento de un grupo de supremacistas blancos contra una drag queen que hizo algo tan peligroso como leer cuentos para niños que fomentaban la inclusión y la diversidad.

El jefe de estos grupos supremacistas tenía claro que de ahí no se iban a mover. "Toda la gente va a decir la misma mierda todos los dias. Hemos escuchado la misma mierda año tras año y todavía estamos aquí. No nos vamos a ninguna parte. Me pueden chupar la polla", dijo. Él y su grupo, los 'Proud Boys', iban armados con pistolas y fusiles, vestidos de camuflaje. Finalmente, se canceló la actividad ante la inacción de la policía.

En 2021, apenas el 1% de los ataques de los grupos supremacistas iba contra las drag queen. El año pasado, el 36% de la violencia de estas organizaciones racistas y homófobas iba contra ellas. En Maryland, aparecieron supremacistas blancos con carteles llamándoles ' Pervertidos' y pidiendo el fin de estos espectáculos si hay menores.

La violencia contra las drag queens también llega a la política. Los republicanos han presentado proyectos de ley en 15 estados para restringir los espectáculos de drag queen. Quieren que no sean públicos y que los niños no asistan a sus espectáculos, algo que sí han logrado en Tennessee.

En Florida, su gobernador ha sugerido que podría enviar a los servicios sociales a investigar a los padres que llevan a sus hijos a estos cuentacuentos. Con la excusa de proteger a los niños, quieren reducir la visibilidad y la normalidad de las drag queens.

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El hostigamiento a las drag queens en Estados Unidos: perseguidas por supremacistas blancos... y por políticos

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En los últimos meses, se han aprobado leyes que restringen e incluso prohiben sus espectáculos. La reivindicación ha llegado hasta los Oscars, con el director Daniel Scheinert lanzando un poderoso mensaje tras ganar la estatuilla.

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Género: Romance | Sinopsis: Nueva York, años 50. Therese Belivet (Rooney Mara), una joven dependienta de una tienda de Manhattan que sueña con una vida mejor, conoce un día a Carol Aird (Cate Blanchett), una mujer elegante y…

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https://rupaulsdragrace.fandom.com/wiki/RuPaul%27s_Drag_Race

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2017: Oscar: Mejor guion adaptado. 4 nom. incluyendo película y actor (Chalamet)

2017: Festival de Toronto: 2ª finalista - Mejor película

2017: Globos de Oro: 3 nom. incluyendo mejor película drama y actor (Chalamet)

2017: Premios BAFTA: Mejor guion adaptado. 4 nominaciones

2017: National Board of Review (NBR): Top 10 películas año, actor rev. (Chalamet)

2017: American Film Institute (AFI): Top 10 - Mejores películas del año

2017: Círculo de Críticos de Nueva York: Mejor actor (Chalamet)

2017: Asociación de Críticos de Los Angeles: Mejor película, dirección y actor (Chalamet)

2017: Premios Independent Spirit: Mejor fotografía y actor (Chalamet)

2017: Premios Gotham: Mejor película y nuevo actor (Timothée Chalamet)

2017: Critics Choice Awards: Mejor guion adaptado. 8 nominaciones

2017: Sindicato de Productores (PGA): Nominada a mejor película

2017: Satellite Awards: Nom. mejor película, guion adaptado y actor sec. (Hamer)

2017: Sindicato de Guionistas (WGA): Mejor guion adaptado

2017: Sindicato de Actores (SAG): Nominada a mejor actor (Chalamet)

2017: Festival de Berlín: Nominada a mejor película (Teddy Section)

2017: Festival de San Sebastián: Inauguración sección Perlas de otros festivales

2017: Festival de Melbourne: Premio del Público

2017: Festival de Sydney: 2º puesto mejor película (Premio del Público)

2017: Asociación de Críticos de Chicago: 3 premios incl. actor (Chalamet). 8 nom.

2017: Asociación de Críticos de Boston: Nominada a mejor actor (Chalamet)

2017: Círculo de Críticos de San Francisco: Mejor guion adaptado. 5 nominaciones

2018: Premios del Cine Europeo: Premio del Público al mejor film europeo

2018: Premios David di Donatello: Mejor guion adaptado y canción original. 13 nom.

2018: Premios Gaudí: Nominada a mejor película europea

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Género: Romance | Sinopsis: Elio Perlman (Timothée Chalamet), un joven de 17 años, pasa el cálido y soleado verano de 1983 en la casa de campo de sus padres en el norte de Italia. Se pasa el tiempo holgazaneando, escuchando ...

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https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film591470.html

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Género: Drama | Sinopsis: Basada en la historia real de Laurel Hester y Stacie Andrée y su lucha por la justicia. A Laurel, una condecorada policía de Nueva Jersey, le diagnostican un cáncer terminal y quiere dejar su pensión…

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https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film528481.html

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Título original

Philadelphia

Año

1993

Duración

119 min.

País

Estados Unidos

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Música

Fotografía

Compañías

Género

Drama | Enfermedad. SIDA. Homosexualidad

Sinopsis

Andrew Beckett, un joven y prometedor abogado de Philadelphia, es despedido del prestigioso bufete en el que trabaja cuando sus jefes se enteran de que ha contraído el sida. Decide entonces demandar a la empresa por despido improcedente, pero en un principio ningún abogado acepta defender su caso. (FILMAFFINITY)

Posición en rankings FA

Premios

1993: 2 Oscars: Mejor actor (Tom Hanks), canción original. 5 nominaciones

1993: 2 Globos de Oro: Mejor actor drama (Hanks), canción original. 3 nominaciones

1993: Nominada Premios BAFTA: Mejor guion original

1993: Sindicato de Guionistas (WGA): Nominada a mejor guion original

1994: Festival de Berlín: Oso de Plata - Mejor actor (Tom Hanks)

1993: Asociación de Críticos de Chicago: Nominada a mejor director y actor (Hanks)

Críticas

Jonathan Demme venía de dirigir nada menos que "El silencio de los corderos", Tom Hanks está magistral y Denzel Washington le da una réplica perfecta en un drama conmovedor con la excelente canción de Bruce Springsteen como "bandera sonora" perdurable. Independientemente de que nadie nos explicara el porqué de su título (aparte lógicamente de estar ambientada en dicha ciudad), "Philadelphia" es una espléndida película en la que Tom Hanks se llevó el Oscar por no besar a Banderas (esa doble moral de Hollywood) y por explicar ópera a los que no vamos a la ópera.

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o distribuidor/a de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

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Philadelphia es una película dirigida por Jonathan Demme con Tom Hanks, Denzel Washington, Antonio Banderas, Ron Vawter .... Año: 1993. Título original: Philadelphia. Sinopsis: Andrew Beckett, un joven y prometedor abogado de Philadelphia, es despedido del prestigioso bufete en el que trabaja cuando sus jefes se enteran de que ha contraído el sida.

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Kylie Minogue - Padam Padam (Official Video)

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la adolescencia y sus descubrimientos...

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la adolescencia y sus descubrimientos...

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Miniserie de TV (2021). 5 episodios. Crónica de la vida y andanzas de cinco amigos en el Londres de los años 80, durante una década en la que el aumento del SIDA causó estragos entre la población homosexual.

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Título original

It's a Sinaka

AKA

Año

2021

Duración

45 min.

País

Reino Unido

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Fotografía

Compañías

Género

Serie de TV. Drama. Comedia | Homosexualidad. Enfermedad. SIDA. Años 80. Miniserie de TV

Sinopsis

Miniserie de TV (2021). 5 episodios. Crónica de la vida y andanzas de cinco amigos en el Londres de los años 80, durante una década en la que el aumento del SIDA causó estragos entre la población homosexual. (FILMAFFINITY)

Posición en rankings FA

Premios

2021: Premios BAFTA TV: Mejor dirección de TV y mejor editor TV. 11 nominaciones

2021: Critics Choice Awards: Nominada a mejor miniserie y actor (Alexander)

2021: Premios Independent Spirit: Nominada a mejor nueva serie y actor (Alexander)

2021: Premios Gotham: Nominada a mejor serie revelación - Formato largo

2021: Satellite Awards: Nominada a mejor miniserie

Críticas

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Los derechos de propiedad intelectual de las críticas corresponden a los correspondientes críticos y/o medios de comunicación de los que han sido extraídos. Filmaffinity no tiene relación alguna con el productor, productora o distribuidor/a de la película. El copyright del poster, carátula, fotogramas, fotografías e imágenes de cada DVD, VOD, Blu-ray, tráiler y banda sonora original (BSO) pertenecen a las correspondientes productoras y/o distribuidoras.

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Género: Serie de TV | Sinopsis: Miniserie de TV (2021). 5 episodios. Crónica de la vida y andanzas de cinco amigos en el Londres de los años 80, durante una década en la que el aumento del SIDA causó estragos entre la población homosexual. (FILMAFFINITY)

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https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/user/rating/1868225/524245.html

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© 2002-2023 Filmaffinity - Movieaffinity | Filmaffinity es una página de recomendación de películas y series, y es un medio totalmente independiente cuya principal prioridad es la privacidad y seguridad de los datos de sus usuarios.
All Rights Reserved - Todos los derechos reservados

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Longtime Companion, 1989, director: Norman Rene [por Daniel Valcarce]

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Norman Rene fue un destacado director teatral que debutó en el cine en el año 1989 y sólo alcanzó a dirigir tres películas, antes de morir producto del Sida en 1996. Si bien su antecesor Bill Sherwood ...

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Controvertido documental que se sumerge sin concesiones en las Chemsex: largas sesiones de sexo grupal bajo los efectos de todo tipo de drogas.

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Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (; May 21, 1960 - November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender who killed and dismembered seventeen males between 1978 and 1991. Many of his later murders involved necrophilia, cannibalism, and the permanent preservation of body parts-typically all or part of the skeleton.

Although he was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), schizotypal personality disorder (StPD), and a psychotic disorder, Dahmer was found to be legally sane at his trial. He was convicted of fifteen of the sixteen homicides he had committed in Wisconsin and was sentenced to fifteen terms of life imprisonment on February 17, 1992. Dahmer was later sentenced to a sixteenth term of life imprisonment for an additional homicide committed in Ohio in 1978.

On November 28, 1994, Dahmer was beaten to death by Christopher Scarver, a fellow inmate at the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, Wisconsin.

Jeffrey Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the first of two sons to Lionel Herbert Dahmer, a Marquette University chemistry student and later a research chemist, and Joyce Annette Dahmer (), a teletype machine instructor. Lionel is of German and Welsh ancestry, and Joyce was of English, Norwegian, and Irish ancestry.

As Dahmer entered first grade, Lionel's studies kept him away from home much of the time. When he was home, his wife-a hypochondriac who suffered from depression-demanded constant attention and spent an increasing amount of time in bed. On one occasion, she attempted suicide using Equanil. Consequently, neither parent devoted much time to their son, who later recollected that, from an early age, he felt "unsure of the solidity of the family", recalling extreme tension and numerous arguments between his parents during his early years.

Dahmer had been an "energetic and happy child" but became notably subdued after double hernia surgery shortly before his fourth birthday. At elementary school, Dahmer was regarded as quiet and timid; one teacher recollected she detected early signs of abandonment due to his father's absence and mother's illnesses, the symptoms of which increased when she became pregnant with her second child. In elementary school, Dahmer had a small number of friends.

In October 1966, the family moved to Doylestown, Ohio. When Joyce gave birth in December, Dahmer was allowed to choose the name of his new baby brother; he chose the name David. The same year, Lionel earned his degree and started work as an analytical chemist in nearby Akron, Ohio.

From an early age, Dahmer manifested an interest in dead animals. His fascination with dead animals may have begun when, at the age of four, he saw his father removing animal bones from beneath the family home. According to Lionel, Dahmer was "oddly thrilled" by the sound the bones made, and became preoccupied with animal bones, which he initially called his "fiddlesticks". He occasionally searched beneath and around the family home for additional bones, and explored the bodies of live animals to discover where their bones were located.

In May 1968, the family moved to Bath Township, Summit County, Ohio. This address was their third in two years, and the Dahmers' sixth address since marriage. The home stood in one and a half acres of woodland, with a small hut only a short walk from the house where Dahmer began collecting large insects and the skeletons of small animals, such as chipmunks and squirrels. Some of these remains were preserved in jars of formaldehyde and stowed within the hut.

Two years later, during a chicken dinner, Dahmer asked Lionel what would happen if the chicken bones were placed in bleach. Lionel, pleased by what he believed to be his son's scientific curiosity, demonstrated how to safely bleach and preserve animal bones. Dahmer incorporated these preserving techniques into his bone collecting. He also began collecting dead animals-including roadkill-which he would dissect and bury beside the hut, with the skulls occasionally placed atop makeshift crosses.

According to one friend, Dahmer explained to him that he was curious as to how animals "fit together". In one instance in 1975, Dahmer decapitated the carcass of a dog before nailing the body to a tree and impaling the skull upon a stick in the woodland behind his house. As a "prank", he later invited a friend to view the display, claiming he had discovered the remains by chance. The same year Lionel taught his son how to preserve animal bones, Joyce began increasing her daily consumption of Equanil, laxatives and sleeping pills, further minimizing her tangible contact with her husband and children.

Adolescence and high school

From his freshman year at Revere High School, Dahmer was seen as an outcast. By age 14, he had begun drinking beer and hard alcohol in the daylight hours, frequently concealing his liquor inside the jacket he wore to school. Dahmer mentioned to one classmate who inquired why he was drinking Scotch in a morning history class that the alcohol he consumed was "my medicine". Although largely uncommunicative, in his freshman year Dahmer was seen by staff as polite and highly intelligent but with average grades. He was a competitive tennis player and played briefly in the high school band.

When he reached puberty, Dahmer discovered he was gay; he did not tell his parents. In his early teens, he had a brief relationship with another teenage boy, although they never had intercourse. By Dahmer's admission, he began fantasizing about dominating and controlling a completely submissive male partner in his early to mid-teens, and his masturbatory fantasies gradually evolved to his focusing on chests and torsos. These fantasies gradually became intertwined with dissection. When he was about 16, Dahmer conceived a fantasy of rendering unconscious a particular male jogger he found attractive, and then making sexual use of his body. On one occasion, Dahmer concealed himself in bushes with a baseball bat to lie in wait for this man. However, the jogger did not pass by on that particular day. Dahmer later admitted this was his first attempt to attack and render an individual submissive to him.

Dahmer, pictured in the 1978 Revere High School yearbook, Reverie

Dahmer was seen by his high school peers as a class clown who often staged pranks, which became known as "Doing a Dahmer"; these included bleating and simulating epileptic seizures or cerebral palsy at school and local stores. Occasionally, Dahmer would perform these antics for money to purchase alcohol.

By 1977, Dahmer's grades had declined. His parents hired a private tutor, with limited success. The same year, in an attempt to save their marriage, his parents attended counseling sessions. They continued to quarrel frequently. When Lionel discovered Joyce had engaged in a brief affair in September 1977, they decided to divorce, telling their sons they wished to do so amicably. The process of their divorce soon became increasingly bitter and acrimonious, and Lionel moved out of the house in early 1978, temporarily residing in a motel on North Cleveland Massillon Road.

In May 1978, Dahmer graduated from high school. A few weeks before his graduation, one of his teachers observed Dahmer sitting close to the school parking lot, drinking several cans of beer. When the teacher threatened to report the matter, Dahmer informed him he was experiencing "a lot of problems" at home and that the school's guidance counselor was aware of them. That spring, Joyce-contrary to a court order and without informing Lionel-moved out of the family home with David to live with relatives in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. Dahmer had just turned 18 and remained in the family home. Dahmer's parents' divorce was finalized on July 24, 1978. Joyce was awarded custody of her younger son and alimony payments.

Late teens and early 20s: first murder

Murder of Steven Hicks

Dahmer committed his first murder in 1978, three weeks after his graduation. On June 18, Dahmer picked up a hitchhiker named Steven Mark Hicks, who was almost 19. Dahmer lured Hicks to his house on the pretext of drinking. Hicks, who had been hitchhiking to a rock concert at Chippewa Lake Park, Ohio, agreed to accompany Dahmer to his house upon the promise of "a few beers" with Dahmer as he had the house to himself.

According to Dahmer, the sight of the bare-chested Hicks standing at the roadside stirred his sexual feelings, although when Hicks began talking about girls, he knew any sexual passes he made would be rebuffed. After several hours of talking, drinking and listening to music, Hicks "wanted to leave and I didn't want him to leave." Dahmer bludgeoned Hicks with a 10-pound (4.5 kg) dumbbell. He later stated he struck Hicks twice from behind with the dumbbell as Hicks sat upon a chair. When Hicks fell unconscious, Dahmer strangled him to death with the bar of the dumbbell, then stripped the clothes from Hicks' body before exploring his chest with his hands, then masturbating as he stood above the corpse. Hours later, Dahmer dragged the body to the basement.

The following day, Dahmer dissected Hicks' body in his basement. He later buried the remains in a shallow grave in his back yard. Several weeks later, he unearthed the remains and pared the flesh from the bones. He dissolved the flesh in acid before flushing the solution down the toilet; he crushed the bones with a sledgehammer and scattered them in the woodland behind the family home. Hicks' necklace and the knife used to dismember him were thrown from the West Bath Road bridge into the Cuyahoga River.

College and Army service

Six weeks after the murder of Hicks, Dahmer's father and his fiancée returned to his home, where they discovered Dahmer living alone. That August, Dahmer enrolled at Ohio State University (OSU), hoping to major in business. Dahmer's sole term at OSU was completely unproductive, largely because of his persistent alcohol abuse. He received failing grades in Introduction to Anthropology, Classical Civilizations, and Administrative Science. The only course Dahmer was successful at was Riflery, having received a B− grade. His overall GPA was 0.45/4.0. On one occasion, Lionel paid a surprise visit to his son, only to find his room strewn with empty liquor bottles. Despite his father having paid in advance for the second term, Dahmer dropped out of OSU after just three months.

Dahmer, pictured in West Germany in 1979. His off-duty drinking caused him to be deemed unsuitable for military service in 1981.

In January 1979, on his father's urging, Dahmer enlisted in the United States Army. He underwent basic training at Fort McClellan in Anniston, Alabama, before training as a medical specialist at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. He was occasionally reprimanded for intoxication while stationed at Fort Sam Houston. On one occasion, an instance of insubordination resulted in his entire platoon being punished, earning Dahmer a severe beating from his fellow recruits.

On July 13, 1979, Dahmer was deployed to Baumholder, West Germany, where he served as a combat medic in the 2nd Battalion, 68th Armored Regiment, 8th Infantry Division. According to published reports, in Dahmer's first year of service, he was an "average or slightly above average" soldier.

On March 24, 1981, Dahmer was sent to Fort Jackson, South Carolina, for debriefing and provided with a plane ticket to travel anywhere in the country. Dahmer later told police he felt he could not return home to face his father, so he opted to travel to Miami Beach, Florida, both because he was "tired of the cold" and in an attempt to live by his own means. In Florida, Dahmer found a job at a delicatessen and rented a room in a nearby motel. He spent most of his salary on alcohol and was soon evicted from the motel for non-payment. Dahmer initially spent his evenings on the beach as he continued to work at the sandwich shop until phoning his father and asking to return to Ohio in September of the same year.

Return to Ohio and relocation to West Allis, Wisconsin

After his return to Ohio, Dahmer initially lived with his father and stepmother and insisted on being delegated numerous chores to occupy his time while he looked for work. He continued to drink heavily, and two weeks after his return, was arrested for drunk and disorderly conduct. He was fined $60 and given a suspended 10-day jail sentence. Dahmer's father tried unsuccessfully to wean his son off alcohol. In December 1981, he and Dahmer's stepmother sent him to live with his grandmother in West Allis, Wisconsin. Dahmer's grandmother was the only family member to whom Dahmer displayed any affection. They hoped that her influence, plus the change of location, might persuade Dahmer to quit drinking, find a job, and live responsibly.

Initially, Dahmer's living arrangements with his grandmother were harmonious: he accompanied her to church, willingly undertook chores, actively sought work and abided by most of her house rules (although he continued to drink and smoke). In early 1982, he found employment as a phlebotomist at the Milwaukee Blood Plasma Center. He held this job for a total of ten months before being laid off. Dahmer remained unemployed for over two years, during which he lived upon whatever money his grandmother gave him.

Shortly before losing his job, Dahmer was arrested for indecent exposure. On August 8, 1982, at Wisconsin State Fair Park, he was observed exposing himself "on the south side of the Coliseum in which 25 people were present including women and children." For this incident, he was convicted and fined $50 plus court costs.

In January 1985, Dahmer was hired as a mixer at the Milwaukee Ambrosia Chocolate Factory, where he worked from 11 p.m to 7 a.m. six nights per week, with Saturday evenings off. Shortly after he found this job, an incident occurred in which Dahmer was propositioned by another man while reading in the West Allis Public Library. The stranger threw Dahmer a note offering to perform fellatio upon him. Although Dahmer did not respond to this proposition, the incident stirred in his mind the fantasies of control and dominance he had developed as a teenager, and he began to familiarize himself with Milwaukee's gay bars, gay bathhouses, and bookstores. He also stole a male mannequin from a store, which he briefly used for sexual stimulation, until his grandmother discovered the item stowed in a closet and demanded that he discard it.

By late 1985, Dahmer had begun to regularly frequent the bathhouses, which he later described as being "relaxing places", but during his sexual encounters, he became frustrated at his partners' moving during the act. Following his arrest, he stated: "I trained myself to view people as objects of pleasure instead of [as] people". For this reason, beginning in June 1986, he administered sleeping pills to his partners, giving them liquor laced with sedatives. He then waited for his partner to fall asleep before performing various sexual acts. To maintain an adequate supply of this medication, Dahmer informed doctors he worked nights and required the tablets to adjust to that schedule. After approximately 12 such instances, the bathhouses' administration revoked Dahmer's membership, and he began to use hotel rooms to continue this practice.

On September 8, 1986, Dahmer was arrested upon a charge of lewd and lascivious behavior for masturbating in the presence of two 12-year-old boys as he stood close to the Kinnickinnic River. He initially claimed he had merely been urinating, unaware that there were witnesses, but soon admitted the offense. The charge was changed to disorderly conduct and, on March 10, 1987, Dahmer was sentenced to one year of probation, with additional instructions to undergo counseling.

Late 20s and early 30s: subsequent murders

Ambassador Hotel

On November 20, 1987, Dahmer, at the time residing with his grandmother in West Allis, encountered a 25-year-old man from Ontonagon, Michigan, named Steven Tuomi at a bar and persuaded him to return to the Ambassador Hotel in Milwaukee, where Dahmer had rented a room for the evening. According to Dahmer, he had no intention of killing Tuomi, but intended to simply drug him and lie beside him as he explored his body. The following morning, Dahmer awoke to find Tuomi lying beneath him on the bed, his chest "crushed in" and "black and blue" with bruises. Blood was seeping from the corner of his mouth, and Dahmer's fists and one forearm were extensively bruised. Dahmer later said he had no memory of having killed Tuomi, and that he "could not believe this had happened".

Dahmer purchased a large suitcase, in which he transported Tuomi's body to his grandmother's residence. One week later, he severed the head, arms, and legs, then filleted the bones from the body before cutting the flesh into pieces small enough to handle. Dahmer placed the flesh inside plastic garbage bags. He wrapped the bones inside a sheet and pounded them into splinters with a sledgehammer. The dismemberment process took Dahmer approximately two hours. He disposed of all of Tuomi's remains, excluding the head, in the trash.

Intermediate murders

According to Dahmer, Tuomi's murder was a pivotal incident after which he did not try to control his compulsions. He began to actively seek victims, most of whom he encountered in or around gay bars and would typically lure them to his grandmother's home. He would drug his victim with triazolam or temazepam before or shortly after engaging in sexual activity with them. Once his victim was unconscious, he strangled them to death.

On March 24, 1988, Dahmer met a 22-year-old bisexual man, Richard Guerrero, outside a gay bar called the Phoenix. Dahmer lured Guerrero to his grandmother's residence, offering him $50 to spend the night with him. He drugged Guerrero with sleeping pills, strangled him with a leather strap, and fellated the corpse. Dahmer dismembered Guerrero's body within 24 hours, again disposing of the remains in the trash and retaining the skull before pulverizing it several months later.

In September 1988, Dahmer's grandmother asked him to move out, largely because of his drinking, his habit of bringing young men to her house late at night and the foul smells emanating from the basement and the garage. Dahmer found a one-bedroom apartment at 808 North 24th Street and moved into his new residence on September 25. Two days later, he was arrested for drugging and sexually fondling a 13-year-old boy whom he had lured to his home on the pretext of posing nude for photographs.

Dahmer's father hired an attorney named Gerald Boyle to defend his son. At Boyle's request, Dahmer underwent a series of psychological evaluations prior to his court hearings. The evaluations found that Dahmer harbored deep feelings of alienation. A second evaluation two months later revealed Dahmer to be an impulsive individual, suspicious of others, and dismayed by his lack of accomplishments in life. His probation officer also referenced a 1987 diagnosis of Dahmer suffering from a schizoid personality disorder for presentation to the court.

Two months after his conviction and two months prior to his sentencing, Dahmer murdered his fifth victim, a 24-year-old mixed-race aspiring model, Anthony Sears, whom he met at a gay bar on March 25, 1989. According to Dahmer, on this particular occasion he was not looking to commit a crime; however, shortly before closing time that evening, Sears "just started talking to me". Dahmer lured Sears to his grandmother's home, where the pair engaged in oral sex before Dahmer drugged and strangled Sears.

The following morning, Dahmer placed the corpse in his grandmother's bathtub, where he decapitated the body before attempting to flay the corpse. He stripped the flesh from the body and pulverized the bones, which he disposed of in the trash. According to Dahmer, he found Sears "exceptionally attractive", and Sears was the first victim from whom he permanently retained any body parts: he preserved Sears' head and genitalia in acetone and stored them in a wooden box, which he later placed in his work locker. When he moved to a new address the following year, he took the remains there.

On May 23, 1989, Dahmer was sentenced to five years' probation and one year in the House of Correction, with work release permitted so he could keep his job. He was also required to register as a sex offender. Two months before his scheduled release, Dahmer was paroled from this regimen. His five years' probation imposed in 1989 began at this point. Dahmer temporarily moved back to his grandmother's home in West Allis.

Oxford Apartments

1990 murders

On May 14, 1990, Dahmer moved out of his grandmother's house and into 924 North 25th Street, Apartment 213, taking Sears' mummified head and genitals with him. Although located in a high-crime area, Dahmer's new apartment was close to his workplace, was furnished, and at $300 per month inclusive of all bills excluding electricity, was economical. Within one week of his moving to this address, Dahmer killed his sixth victim, Raymond Smith. Smith was a 32-year-old prostitute whom Dahmer lured to his apartment with the promise of $50 for sex. Inside the apartment, he gave Smith a drink laced with seven sleeping pills, then manually strangled him.

In June 1990, Dahmer lured a 27-year-old acquaintance, Edward Smith, to his apartment, where he drugged and strangled him. On this occasion, rather than immediately acidifying the skeleton or repeating previous processes of bleaching, which had rendered previous victims' skulls brittle, Dahmer placed Smith's skeleton in his freezer for several months in the hope it would not retain moisture. Freezing the skeleton did not remove moisture, and the skeleton of this victim was acidified several months later. Dahmer accidentally destroyed the skull when he placed it in the oven to dry-a process that caused the skull to explode. Dahmer later informed police he had felt "rotten" about Smith's murder, as he had been unable to retain any parts of his body.

It was my way of remembering their appearance, their physical beauty. I also wanted to keep... if I couldn't keep them there with me whole, I at least could keep their skeletons.

Jeffrey Dahmer, recollecting his motivations for both photographing his victims, and retaining sections of their skeletal structure. February 1993.

Less than three months after the murder of Edward Smith, Dahmer encountered a 22-year-old Chicago native named Ernest Miller outside a bookstore on the corner of North 27th Street. Miller agreed to accompany Dahmer to his apartment for $50 and further agreed to allow him to listen to his heart and stomach. When Dahmer attempted to perform oral sex upon Miller, he was informed, "That'll cost you extra", whereupon Dahmer gave Miller a drink laced with two sleeping pills.

Following the murder of Thomas, Dahmer did not kill anyone for almost five months, although on a minimum of five occasions between October 1990 and February 1991, he unsuccessfully attempted to lure men to his apartment. He regularly complained of feelings of both anxiety and depression to his probation officer throughout 1990, with frequent references to his sexuality, his solitary lifestyle, financial difficulties, and-shortly before Thanksgiving-his apprehension regarding meeting and facing his father and younger brother. On several occasions, Dahmer also referred to harboring suicidal thoughts.

1991 murders

Less than two months later, on April 7, Dahmer encountered a 19-year-old named Errol Lindsey walking to get a key cut. Dahmer lured Lindsey to his apartment where he drugged him, then drilled a hole in his skull through which he injected hydrochloric acid with a baster. According to Dahmer, Lindsey awoke after this experiment (which Dahmer had conceived in the hope of inducing a permanent, unresistant, submissive state), saying: "I have a headache. What time is it?" In response to this, Dahmer again drugged Lindsey, then strangled him. He decapitated Lindsey and retained his skull. He then flayed Lindsey's body, placing the skin in a solution of cold water and salt for several weeks in the hope of permanently retaining it. Reluctantly, he disposed of Lindsey's skin when he noted it had become too frayed and brittle.

Konerak Sinthasomphone

On the afternoon of May 26, 1991, Dahmer encountered a 14-year-old Lao teenager, Konerak Sinthasomphone, on Wisconsin Avenue. Unknown to Dahmer, Sinthasomphone was the younger brother of the boy he had molested in 1988. Dahmer offered Sinthasomphone money to accompany him to his apartment to pose for Polaroid pictures. According to Dahmer, Sinthasomphone was initially reluctant to the proposal, before changing his mind and accompanying him to his apartment, where he posed for two pictures in his underwear before Dahmer drugged him into unconsciousness and performed oral sex on him. Before Sinthasomphone fell unconscious, Dahmer led the boy into his bedroom, where the body of Tony Hughes, whom Dahmer had killed three days earlier, lay naked on the floor. According to Dahmer, he "believed [that Sinthasomphone] saw this body" yet did not react to seeing the bloated corpse-likely because of the effects of the sleeping pills he had ingested.

On this occasion, Dahmer drilled a single narrow hole into the crown of Sinthasomphone's skull, through which he injected hydrochloric acid into the frontal lobe. Dahmer then drank several beers while lying alongside Sinthasomphone before briefly falling asleep, then leaving his apartment to drink at a bar and purchase more alcohol.

In the early morning hours of May 27, Dahmer returned toward his apartment to discover Sinthasomphone sitting naked on the corner of 25th and State, talking in Lao, with three distressed young women standing near him. Dahmer approached the women and told them that Sinthasomphone (whom he referred to by the alias John Hmong) was his friend, and attempted to lead him to his apartment by the arm. The three women dissuaded Dahmer, explaining they had phoned 9-1-1.

Upon the arrival of two Milwaukee police officers, John Balcerzak and Joseph Gabrish, Dahmer's demeanor relaxed: he told the officers that Sinthasomphone was his 19-year-old boyfriend, that he had drunk too much following a quarrel, and that he frequently behaved in this manner when intoxicated. Dahmer added his lover had consumed Jack Daniel's whiskey that evening.

The three women were exasperated, and when one of the trio attempted to indicate to one of the officers-both of whom had observed no injuries beyond a scrape to Sinthasomphone's knee and believed him to be intoxicated-that Sinthasomphone had blood upon his testicles, was bleeding from his rectum and that he had seemingly struggled against Dahmer's attempts to walk him to his apartment prior to their arrival, the officer harshly informed her to "butt out", "shut the hell up" and to not interfere.

Shortly after the arrival of the Milwaukee police officers, three members of the Milwaukee Fire Department arrived at the scene. These individuals also examined Sinthasomphone for injuries and provided a yellow blanket for the police officers to cover Sinthasomphone. One of the three believed Sinthasomphone needed treatment, but the police officers directed the fire department personnel to leave. Shortly thereafter, officer Richard Porubcan arrived at the scene. He and Gabrish-followed by Balcerzak-escorted Dahmer and Sinthasomphone to Dahmer's apartment as Dahmer repeatedly commented on the general crime in the neighborhood and of his appreciation of the police.

Inside his apartment and in an effort to verify his claim that he and Sinthasomphone were lovers, Dahmer showed the officers the two semi-nude Polaroid pictures he had taken of Sinthasomphone the previous evening. Though Balcerzak said he smelled nothing unusual, Gabrish later stated he noted a strange scent reminiscent of excrement inside the apartment. This odor emanated from the decomposing body of Hughes. Dahmer stated that to investigate this odor, one officer simply "peeked his head around the bedroom, but really didn't take a good look." The officers then left, with a departing remark that Dahmer "take good care" of Sinthasomphone. This incident was listed by the officers as a " domestic dispute."

Upon the departure of the three officers from his apartment, Dahmer again injected hydrochloric acid into Sinthasomphone's brain. This second injection proved fatal. The following day, May 28, Dahmer took a day's leave from work to devote himself to the dismemberment of the bodies of Sinthasomphone and Hughes. He retained both victims' skulls.

On June 30, Dahmer traveled to Chicago, where he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner at a bus station. Turner accepted Dahmer's offer to travel to Milwaukee for a professional photo shoot. At the apartment, Dahmer drugged, strangled and dismembered Turner and placed his head and internal organs in separate plastic bags in the freezer. Turner was not reported missing. Five days later, on July 5, Dahmer lured 23-year-old Jeremiah Weinberger from a Chicago bar to his apartment on the promise of spending the weekend with him. He drugged Weinberger and twice injected boiling water through his skull, sending him into a coma from which he died two days later.

On July 15, Dahmer encountered 24-year-old Oliver Lacy at the corner of 27th and Kilbourn. Lacy agreed to Dahmer's ruse of posing nude for photographs and accompanied him to his apartment, where the pair engaged in tentative sexual activity before Dahmer drugged Lacy. On this occasion, Dahmer intended to prolong the time he spent with Lacy while alive. After unsuccessfully attempting to render Lacy unconscious with chloroform, he phoned his workplace to request a day's absence; this was granted, although the next day, he was suspended.

After strangling Lacy, Dahmer had sex with the corpse before dismembering him. He placed Lacy's head and heart in the refrigerator and his skeleton in the freezer. Four days later, on July 19, Dahmer received word that he was dismissed. Upon receipt of this news, Dahmer lured 25-year-old Joseph Bradehoft to his apartment. Bradehoft was strangled and left lying on Dahmer's bed covered with a sheet for two days. On July 21, Dahmer removed the sheet to find the head covered in maggots. He decapitated the body, cleaned the head and placed it in the refrigerator. He later acidified Bradehoft's torso, along with those of two other victims killed within the previous month.

On July 22, 1991, Dahmer approached three men with an offer of $100 to accompany him to his apartment to pose for nude photographs, drink beer and simply keep him company. One of the trio, 32-year-old Tracy Edwards, agreed to accompany him to his apartment. Upon entering Dahmer's apartment, Edwards noted a foul odor and several boxes of hydrochloric acid on the floor, which Dahmer claimed to use for cleaning bricks. After some minor conversation, Edwards responded to Dahmer's request to turn his head and view his tropical fish, whereupon Dahmer placed a handcuff upon his wrist. When Edwards asked, "What's happening?" Dahmer unsuccessfully attempted to cuff his wrists together, then told Edwards to accompany him to the bedroom to pose for nude pictures. While inside the bedroom, Edwards noted nude male posters on the wall and that a videotape of The Exorcist III was playing. He also noted a blue 57-gallon drum in the corner, from which a strong odor emanated.

Dahmer then brandished a knife and informed Edwards he intended to take nude pictures of him. In an attempt to appease Dahmer, Edwards unbuttoned his shirt, saying he would allow him to do so if he would remove the handcuffs and put the knife away. In response to this promise, Dahmer simply turned his attention towards the TV. Edwards observed Dahmer rocking back and forth and chanting before turning his attention back to him. He placed his head on Edwards' chest, listened to his heartbeat and, with the knife pressed against his intended victim, informed Edwards he intended to eat his heart.

When the officers and Edwards arrived at Apartment 213, Dahmer invited the trio inside and acknowledged he had placed the handcuffs upon Edwards, although he offered no explanation as to why he had done so. At this point, Edwards divulged to the officers that Dahmer had also brandished a large knife upon him and that this had happened in the bedroom. Dahmer made no comment to this revelation, indicating to one of the officers, Mueller, that the key to the handcuffs was in his bedside dresser. As Mueller entered the bedroom, Dahmer attempted to pass Mueller to retrieve the key himself, whereupon the second officer present, Rauth, informed him to "back off".

Private contractors from the Fire Department's Hazardous Materials Unit remove the 57-gallon drum from Dahmer's apartment, July 23, 1991.

Confession

Beginning in the early hours of July 23, 1991, Dahmer was questioned by Detective Patrick Kennedy as to the murders he had committed and the evidence found at his apartment. Over the following two weeks, Kennedy and, later, Detective Dennis Murphy conducted numerous interviews with Dahmer which, when combined, totaled over 60 hours. Dahmer waived his right to have a lawyer present throughout his interrogations, adding he wished to confess all as he had "created this horror and it only makes sense I do everything to put an end to it." He readily admitted to having murdered sixteen young men in Wisconsin since 1987, with one further victim-Steven Hicks-killed in Ohio in 1978.

Dahmer readily admitted to engaging in necrophilia with several of his victims' bodies, including performing sexual acts with their viscera as he dismembered their bodies in his bathtub. Having noted that much of the blood pooled inside his victims' chest after death, Dahmer first removed their internal organs, then suspended the torso so the blood drained into his bathtub, before dicing any organs he did not wish to retain and paring the flesh from the body. The bones he wished to dispose of were pulverized or acidified, with Soilax and bleach solutions used to aid in the preservation of the skeletons and skulls he wished to keep. Dahmer confessed to having consumed the hearts, liver, biceps, and portions of thigh of three victims he had killed at the Oxford Apartments (Raymond Smith, Ernest Miller and Oliver Lacy), and to have retained the flesh and organs of other victims for intended consumption. Typically, Dahmer would tenderize the body parts he intended to consume prior to preparing meals flavored with various condiments.

Referencing his reasons for consuming his victims, Dahmer stated he had initially consumed portions of his victims due to "curiosity" before adding: "I suppose, in an odd way, it made me feel they were even more a permanent part of me."

Describing the increase in his rate of killing in the two months prior to his arrest, Dahmer stated he had been "completely swept along" with his compulsion to kill, adding: "It was an incessant and never-ending desire to be with someone at whatever cost. Someone good looking, really nice looking. It just filled my thoughts all day long." When asked as to why he had preserved a total of seven skulls and the entire skeletons of two victims, Dahmer stated he had been in the process of constructing a private altar of victims' skulls which he had intended to display on the black table located in his living room and upon which he had photographed the bodies of many of his victims.

An illustration provided by Dahmer depicting the private altar he had been planning to create at the time of his July 1991 arrest

When asked in a November 18, 1991 interview to whom the altar was dedicated, Dahmer replied: "Myself ... It was a place where I could feel at home." He further described his intended altar as a "place for meditation", from where he believed he could draw a sense of power, adding: "If this [his arrest] had happened six months later, that's what they would have found."

Indictment

On July 25, 1991, Dahmer was charged with four counts of first-degree murder. By August 22, he had been charged with a further eleven murders committed in Wisconsin. On September 14, investigators in Ohio, having uncovered hundreds of bone fragments in woodland behind the address in which Dahmer had confessed to killing his first victim, formally identified two molars and a vertebra with X-ray records of Hicks. Three days later, Dahmer was charged by authorities in Ohio with Hicks's murder.

Dahmer was not charged with the attempted murder of Edwards, nor with the murder of Tuomi. He was not charged with Tuomi's murder because the Milwaukee County District Attorney only brought charges where murder could be proven beyond a reasonable doubt and Dahmer had no memory of actually committing this particular murder, for which no physical evidence of the crime existed. At a scheduled preliminary hearing on January 13, 1992, Dahmer pleaded guilty but insane to 15 counts of murder.

Dahmer's trial began on January 30, 1992. He was tried in Milwaukee for the 15 counts of first-degree murder before Judge Laurence Gram. By pleading guilty on January 13 to the charges brought against him, Dahmer had waived his rights to a trial to establish guilt, as defined in Wisconsin law. Attorneys at Dahmer's trial debated whether he suffered from either a mental or a personality disorder. The prosecution claimed that any disorders did not deprive Dahmer of the ability to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to deprive him of the ability to resist his impulses. The defense argued that Dahmer suffered from a mental disease and was driven by obsessions and impulses he was unable to control.

Defense experts argued that Dahmer was insane due to his necrophilic drive-his compulsion to have sexual encounters with corpses. Defense expert Fred Berlin testified that Dahmer was unable to conform his conduct at the time that he committed the crimes due to his paraphilia or, more specifically, necrophilia. Judith Becker, a professor of psychiatry and psychology, was the second expert witness for the defense. Becker diagnosed Dahmer as a necrophiliac, although she added Dahmer had informed her, he preferred comatose sexual partners to deceased ones "75 percent" of the time. The final defense expert to testify, forensic psychiatrist Carl Wahlstrom, diagnosed Dahmer with necrophilia, borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, alcohol dependence, and a psychotic disorder.

On February 8, Fred Fosdal testified on behalf of the prosecution. Fosdal testified to his belief that Dahmer was without mental disease or defect at the time he committed the murders. He described Dahmer as a calculating and cunning individual, able to differentiate between right and wrong, with the ability to control his actions, and whose lust overpowered his morals. Although Fosdal did state his belief that Dahmer was a paraphiliac, his conclusion was that Dahmer was not a sadist.

The second and final witness to appear for the prosecution, forensic psychiatrist Park Dietz, began his testimony on February 12. Dietz testified that he did not believe Dahmer had any form of mental disease or defect at the time that he committed the crimes, stating that "Dahmer went to great lengths to be alone with his victim and to have no witnesses." He explained that there was ample evidence that Dahmer prepared in advance for each murder, therefore, his crimes were not impulsive. Although Dietz did concede any acquisition of a paraphilia was not a matter of personal choice, he stated his belief that Dahmer's habit of becoming intoxicated prior to committing each of the murders was significant; "If he had an impulse to kill or a compulsion to kill", Dietz testified, "he wouldn't have to drink alcohol to overcome it. He only has to drink alcohol to overcome it because he is inhibited against killing."

Dietz noted that Dahmer strongly identified with the villains of The Exorcist III and Return of the Jedi, particularly the level of power held by these characters. Expounding on the significance of these movies on Dahmer's psyche and many of the murders committed at the Oxford Apartments, Dietz explained that Dahmer occasionally viewed scenes from these films before searching for a victim. Dietz diagnosed Dahmer with substance use disorder, paraphilia, and schizotypal personality disorder.

Two court-appointed mental health professionals-testifying independently of either prosecution or defense-were forensic psychiatrist George Palermo and clinical psychologist Samuel Friedman. Palermo stated that the murders were the result of a "pent-up aggression within himself [Dahmer]. He killed those men because he wanted to kill the source of his homosexual attraction to them. In killing them, he killed what he hated in himself." Palermo concluded that Dahmer had a severe mixed personality disorder, with antisocial, obsessive-compulsive, sadistic, fetishistic, borderline and necrophilic features, but otherwise legally sane.

Friedman testified that it was a longing for companionship that caused Dahmer to kill and testified that Dahmer was not psychotic. He described Dahmer as "amiable, pleasant to be with, courteous, with a sense of humor, conventionally handsome, and charming in manner. He was, and still is, a bright young man." He diagnosed Dahmer with a personality disorder not otherwise specified featuring borderline, obsessive-compulsive, and sadistic traits.

Closing arguments

The trial lasted two weeks. On February 14, both attorneys delivered their closing arguments to the jury. Each attorney was allowed to speak for two hours. Defense attorney Gerald Boyle argued first. Repeatedly referring to the testimony of the mental health professionals-almost all of whom had agreed Dahmer was afflicted with a mental disease-Boyle argued that Dahmer's compulsive killings had been a result of "a sickness he discovered, not chose." Boyle portrayed Dahmer as a desperately lonely and profoundly sick individual "so out of control he could not conform his conduct anymore."

Following the defense counsel's 75-minute closing argument, Michael McCann delivered his closing argument for the prosecution, describing Dahmer as a sane man, in full control of his actions, who simply strove to avoid detection. McCann described Dahmer as a calculating individual who killed to control his victims and retained their bodies "merely to afford" himself a prolonged period of sexual pleasure. McCann argued that by pleading guilty but insane to the charges, Dahmer was seeking to escape responsibility for his crimes.

Conviction

Dahmer was then sentenced to life imprisonment plus ten years upon the first two counts. The remaining thirteen counts carried a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment plus seventy years. The death penalty was not an option for Judge Gram to consider at the penalty phase, as Wisconsin had abolished capital punishment in 1853.

Upon hearing of Dahmer's sentencing, his father Lionel and stepmother Shari requested to be allowed a ten-minute private meeting with their son before he was transferred to the Columbia Correctional Institution in Portage, to begin his sentence. This request was granted, and the trio exchanged hugs and well-wishes before Dahmer was escorted away.

Imprisonment

The Columbia Correctional Institution. Dahmer was imprisoned at this facility until his death in 1994.

Upon sentencing, Dahmer was transferred to the Columbia Correctional Institution. For the first year of his incarceration, Dahmer was placed in solitary confinement due to concerns for his physical safety should he come into contact with fellow inmates. He received ample correspondence from individuals across the world, with several individuals donating money which he spent on items such as cassette recordings, stationery, cigarettes, and magazines. Upon Dahmer's request, after one year in solitary confinement, he was transferred to a less secure unit, where he was assigned a two-hour daily work detail cleaning the toilet block. This work detail later expanded to include cleaning the prison gymnasium.

Shortly after completing his lengthy confessions in 1991, Dahmer had requested to Detective Murphy that he be given a copy of the Bible. This request was granted and Dahmer gradually devoted himself to Christianity and became a born-again Christian. On his father's urging, he also read creationist books from the Institute for Creation Research. In May 1994, Dahmer was baptized by Roy Ratcliff, a minister in the Church of Christ and a graduate of Oklahoma Christian University whom he had met on April 20. This service was conducted in the prison whirlpool.

Following Dahmer's baptism, Ratcliff visited him on a weekly basis. The two regularly discussed the prospect of death, and Ratcliff later divulged that, in the months prior to his murder, Dahmer had questioned whether he was sinning against God by continuing to live. Referring to his crimes in a 1994 interview with Stone Phillips on Dateline NBC, Dahmer had stated: "If a person doesn't think that there is a God to be accountable to, then what's the point of trying to modify your behavior to keep it within acceptable ranges? That's how I thought anyway."

On July 3, 1994, a fellow inmate, Osvaldo Durruthy, attempted to slash Dahmer's throat with a razor embedded in a toothbrush as Dahmer sat in the prison chapel after the weekly church service was concluded. Dahmer received superficial wounds and was not seriously hurt in this incident. According to Dahmer's family, he had long been ready to die, and accepted any punishment which he might endure in prison. In addition to his father and stepmother maintaining regular contact, Dahmer's mother, Joyce, also maintained regular contact with her son. Prior to his arrest, the two had not seen each other since Christmas 1983. Joyce related that in her weekly phone calls, whenever she expressed concerns for her son's physical well-being, Dahmer responded with comments to the effect of: "It doesn't matter, Mom. I don't care if something happens to me."

On the morning of November 28, 1994, Dahmer left his cell to conduct his assigned work detail. Accompanying him were two fellow inmates, Jesse Anderson and Christopher Scarver. The trio were left unsupervised in the showers of the prison gym for approximately 20 minutes. At approximately 8:10 a.m. Dahmer was discovered on the floor of the bathrooms of the gym suffering from extreme head wounds; he had been severely bludgeoned about the head and face with a 20-inch (51-centimeter) metal bar. His head had also been repeatedly struck against the wall in the assault. Although Dahmer was still alive and was rushed to a nearby hospital, he was pronounced dead one hour later. Anderson had been beaten with the same instrument; he died from his wounds two days later.

Scarver, who was serving a life sentence for a murder committed in 1990, informed authorities he had first attacked Dahmer with the metal bar as Dahmer was cleaning a staff locker room, before attacking Anderson as Anderson cleaned an inmate locker room. According to Scarver, Dahmer did not yell or make any noise as he was attacked. Immediately after attacking both men, Scarver, who was thought to be schizophrenic, returned to his cell and informed a prison guard: "God told me to do it. Jesse Anderson and Jeffrey Dahmer are dead." Scarver was adamant he had not planned the attacks in advance, although he later divulged to investigators he had concealed the 20-inch iron bar used to kill both men in his clothing shortly before the killings.

Upon learning of his death, Dahmer's mother Joyce responded angrily to the media: "Now is everybody happy? Now that he's bludgeoned to death, is that good enough for everyone?" The response of the families of Dahmer's victims was mixed: some celebrated the news, while others were saddened. Catherine Lacy, the mother of victim Oliver Lacy, remarked: "The hurt is worse now, because he's not suffering like we are." The district attorney who prosecuted Dahmer cautioned against turning Scarver into a folk hero, saying that Dahmer's death was still murder. On May 15, 1995, Scarver was sentenced to two additional terms of life imprisonment for the murders of Dahmer and Anderson.

Dahmer had stated in his will that he wished for no services to be conducted and that he wished to be cremated. In September 1995, Dahmer's body was cremated, and his ashes divided between his parents. Owing to a disagreement between his parents as to whether Dahmer's brain should be retained for medical research, this organ was initially retained, but later cremated in December 1995.

Dahmer's murders were committed at a time of heightened racial tension in Milwaukee. A professor of community studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Walter Farrell, later stated race relations in the city had been "in a state of disrepair for nearly a decade" at the time of Dahmer's arrest. In an August 1991 interview given to the Christian Science Monitor, Farrell stated that news of the murders, as well as the conduct of Milwaukee police officers John Balcerzak and Joseph Gabrish with regards to victim Konerak Sinthasomphone, exacerbated and highlighted racial tensions within the city.

The Oxford Apartments at 924 North 25th Street, where Dahmer had killed twelve of his victims, were demolished in November 1992. The site is now a vacant lot. Alternate plans to convert the site into either a memorial garden, a playground, or to reconstruct new housing have failed to materialize.

Dahmer's estate was awarded to the families of eleven of his victims who had sued for damages. In 1996, Thomas Jacobson, a lawyer representing eight of the families, announced a planned auction of Dahmer's estate. Although victims' relatives stated the motivation was not greed, the announcement sparked controversy. A civic group, Milwaukee Civic Pride, was quickly established in an effort to raise the funds to purchase and destroy many of Dahmer's possessions. The group pledged $407,225, including a $100,000 gift by Milwaukee real estate developer Joseph Zilber, for purchase of Dahmer's estate; five of the eight families represented by Jacobson agreed to the terms, and Dahmer's possessions were subsequently destroyed and buried in an undisclosed Illinois landfill.

Lionel Dahmer is retired; he lived with his second wife, Shari, until her death in 2023. Both refused to change their surname and professed their love of Dahmer in spite of his crimes. In 1994, Lionel published a book, A Father's Story, and donated a portion of the proceeds from his book to the victims' families. Most of the families showed support for Lionel and Shari, although three families subsequently sued Lionel: two for using their names in the book without obtaining prior consent, and a third family-that of Steven Hicks-filing a wrongful death suit against Lionel, Shari, and former wife Joyce, citing parental negligence as the cause for the claim.

Jeffrey Dahmer killed seventeen young men between 1978 and 1991. Twelve were killed in his North 25th Street apartment. Three victims were murdered and dismembered at his grandmother's West Allis residence. His first and second victims were murdered at his parents' home in Ohio and at the Ambassador Hotel in Milwaukee, respectively. A total of fourteen of Dahmer's victims were from various ethnic minority backgrounds, with nine victims being black. Dahmer was adamant that the race of his victims was incidental to him and that it was the body form of a potential victim that attracted his attention. These contentions have been supported via an independent forensic specialists' study of Dahmer's victim selection, the anthropological analysis of which revealed his victims shared a " morphological similarity" and suggesting Dahmer was "psychologically attracted to a certain anthropometric body type."

Steven Walter Tuomi

January 16: James Edward Doxtator, 14. Met Dahmer outside a gay bar in Wisconsin. Doxtator was lured to West Allis on the pretext of earning $50 for posing for nude pictures. Dahmer strangled Doxtator and kept his body in the basement for a week before dismembering him and discarding the remains in the trash. No remains were ever found.

March 25: Anthony Lee Sears, 24. Sears was the last victim to be drugged and strangled at Dahmer's grandmother's residence; he was also the first victim from whom Dahmer permanently retained any body parts. His preserved skull and genitals were found in a filing cabinet at 924 North 25th Street following Dahmer's arrest in 1991.

May 20: Raymond Lamont Smith (also known as Ricky Beeks), 32. The first victim to be killed at Dahmer's North 25th Street apartment. Smith was a male sex worker whom Dahmer encountered at a tavern. Dahmer gave Smith a drink laced with sleeping pills, then strangled him on his kitchen floor. His skull was spray-painted and retained.

June 14: Edward Warren Smith, 27. A known acquaintance of Dahmer who was last seen in his company at a party. Dahmer acidified Smith's skeleton; his skull was destroyed unintentionally when placed in the oven in an effort to remove moisture. No remains were ever found.

September 2: Ernest Marquez Miller, 22. Miller was a dance student whom Dahmer encountered outside a bookstore. According to Dahmer, he was especially attracted to Miller's physique. He was killed by having his carotid artery severed before being dismembered in the bathtub, with Dahmer storing his entire skeleton in the bottom drawer of a filing cabinet and his heart, liver, biceps, and portions of his thighs in the freezer for later consumption.

February 18: Curtis Durrell Straughter, 17. Approached by Dahmer as he waited at a bus stop near Marquette University. Dahmer lured Straughter to his apartment, where he drugged, handcuffed and strangled him before dismembering his body in the bathtub. He retained Straughter's skull, hands, and genitals.

Tony Anthony Hughes

May 24: Tony Anthony Hughes, 31. Hughes was lured by Dahmer to his apartment upon the promise of posing nude for photographs. As Hughes was deaf, he and Dahmer communicated using handwritten notes.[n 22] The injection of hydrochloric acid into Hughes's skull proved fatal. His body was left on Dahmer's bedroom floor for three days before being dismembered, with Dahmer photographing the dismemberment process. His skull was retained and identified from dental records.

June 30: Matt Cleveland Turner, 20. On June 30, Dahmer attended the Chicago Pride Parade. At a bus stop, he encountered a 20-year-old named Matt Turner and persuaded him to accompany him to Milwaukee to pose for a photo shoot. Turner was drugged, strangled, and then dismembered in the bathtub. His head and internal organs were put in the freezer and his torso subsequently placed in the 57-gallon drum Dahmer purchased on July 12.

July 19: Joseph Arthur Bradehoft, 25. Dahmer's last victim. Bradehoft was a father of three children from Minnesota who was looking for work in Milwaukee at the time of his murder.[351][352] He was left on Dahmer's bed for two days following his murder before, on July 21, being decapitated. His head was placed in the refrigerator and his torso in the 57-gallon drum.

The Secret Life: Jeffrey Dahmer was released in 1993. Directed by David Bowen, this biographical crime drama stars Carl Crew as Dahmer.

The biographical film was released in 2002. It stars Jeremy Renner in the title role and co-stars Bruce Davison as Dahmer's father, Lionel.

The drama film Raising Jeffrey Dahmer was released in 2006. Revolving around the reactions of Dahmer's parents following his arrest in 1991, Raising Jeffrey Dahmer stars Rusty Sneary as Dahmer and co-stars Scott Cordes as Lionel.

In 2012, an independent documentary, The Jeffrey Dahmer Files, premiered at the South by Southwest festival. It features interviews with Dahmer's former neighbor, Pamela Bass, as well as Detective Patrick Kennedy, and the city medical examiner Jeffrey Jentzen.

The Marc Meyers-directed film, My Friend Dahmer, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 25, 2017. Based on the graphic novel by John Backderf, the film stars Ross Lynch as Dahmer and chronicles his high school years and the events leading up to his first murder.

Television

The Trial of Jeffrey Dahmer was released in 1992. Directed by Elkan Allan, this documentary largely focuses upon testimony delivered at Dahmer's first trial. The documentary concludes with Dahmer's addressing Judge Laurence Gram following his conviction.[359]

Dahmer: Mystery of a Serial Killer. Directed by Michael Husain and released in November 1993, this 50-minute A&E Networks documentary contains archive footage of Dahmer's trial in addition to interviews with individuals such as forensic psychiatrist Park Dietz.[360]

Inside Edition conducted an interview with Dahmer in January 1993. Conducted by reporter Nancy Glass, this 30-minute interview was broadcast in February 1993.[361]

ABC News has commissioned a one-hour episode focusing upon Dahmer's crimes as part of their television news magazine series Day One. This episode features interviews with forensic psychiatrist Park Dietz and psychiatrist Fred Berlin and was first broadcast in April 1993.[362]

Channel 4 has commissioned a documentary focusing on the murders committed by Jeffrey Dahmer. Titled To Kill and Kill Again, this 50-minute documentary was first broadcast on December 12, 1993.[363]

Dateline NBC has also broadcast an interview with Dahmer. Conducted by Stone Phillips and first broadcast on March 8, 1994, this 90-minute episode-titled Confessions of a Serial Killer-features interviews with Dahmer and his father conducted at Columbia Correctional Institution. Dahmer's mother is also interviewed for this program.[364]

The BBC has broadcast a documentary focusing on the life and crimes of Jeffrey Dahmer. Titled Everyman: Profile of a Serial Killer and directed by Nikki Stockley, this 50-minute documentary was first broadcast in November 1994.[365]

A&E Networks has commissioned a second documentary focusing upon the murders committed by Jeffrey Dahmer. Titled Jeffrey Dahmer: The Monster Within, this 50-minute episode was first broadcast in June 1996 and contains interviews with Detective Patrick Kennedy and Prosecutor Michael McCann.[366]

The British true crime series Born to Kill? has broadcast an episode focusing upon Jeffrey Dahmer. This 45-minute episode features interviews with FBI criminal profiler Robert Ressler and Detective Patrick Kennedy and was first broadcast in October 2005.[367]

The Investigation Discovery channel has also broadcast a documentary focusing upon Dahmer within its documentary series, Most Evil. This documentary features excerpts of Dahmer's 1994 Dateline NBC interview with Stone Phillips and was first broadcast in August 2006.[368]

HLN has broadcast an episode focusing upon Dahmer's crimes as part of its investigative series, How it Really Happened. This episode, titled The Strange Case of Jeffrey Dahmer, was originally aired on March 31, 2017.[369]

The digital cable and satellite television channel Oxygen broadcast the two-part documentary Dahmer on Dahmer: A Serial Killer Speaks in November 2017. Produced and directed by Matthew Watts, the program features interviews with, among others, Dahmer's father, stepmother, former classmates, psychiatrists who testified at his trial, and a homicide detective involved in the investigation.[370]

Poster for the theatrical play Jeffrey Dahmer: Guilty but Insane

References

Print sources

Further reading

External links

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Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (; May 21, 1960 - November 28, 1994), also known as the Milwaukee Cannibal or the Milwaukee Monster, was an American serial killer and sex offender who killed and dismembered seventeen males between 1978 and 1991. Many of his later murders involved necrophilia, cannibalism, and the permanent preservation of body parts-typically all or part of the skeleton.

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The Queers - "Punk Rock Girls" Lookout! Records

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In Spanish too.

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Tipping the Velvet: A Novel [Waters, Sarah] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Tipping the Velvet: A Novel

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Serie muy adolescente pero que atrapa por la ternura de los personajes. Amor, aceptación y amistad.

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Heartstopper | Official Trailer | Netflix

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El asesinato de Samuel Luiz es un caso de asesinato por una agresión homófoba en grupo y abandono (omisión de socorro) de Samuel Luiz Muñiz, un joven español de origen brasileño de 24 años, ocurrido en La Coruña ( Galicia) en la madrugada del 3 de julio de 2021. Luiz fue increpado por una pareja en las inmediaciones de una discoteca donde había acudido con un grupo de amigos. Mientras realizaba una videollamada, Samuel fue interpelado por su agresor que, tras una agresión inicial, acudiría más tarde junto a un grupo de varias personas que le propinó una paliza en la avenida de Buenos Aires del paseo marítimo de la playa de Riazor. Tras ser trasladado al Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña falleció a causa de las heridas provocadas.​​

El crimen, de motivación homófoba según algunos testigos,​ tuvo lugar en medio de la Semana del Orgullo LGTB, y provocó reacciones de muchas figuras públicas y líderes de los movimientos LGTB+, con manifestaciones que se organizaron en decenas de ciudades de España, llevando a miles de personas a las calles en protesta por el asesinato de Samuel y otros ataques recientes a personas LGTB en territorio español.

Samuel Luiz Muñíz, conocido entre amigos como Samu, nació en Brasil fruto del matrimonio entre Lola Muñiz, nacida en Borroa, y Maxsoud Luiz, de origen brasileño,​ aproximadamente en 1997. Con un año de edad llegó a España con su familia.​​ A los 18 años inició sus estudios en el CIFP Ánxel Casal de A Coruña, donde cursó el grado técnico de auxiliar de enfermería, comenzando a trabajar a los 20 años en la residencia de la Fundación Padre Rubinos, en La Coruña.​ En 2021 residía en el barrio de Meicende ( Arteijo), siendo conocido por su temperamento tranquilo y personalidad pacífica.​ Era miembro de la Congregación Cristiana, un grupo evangélico donde participaba activamente y era guía espiritual de otros feligreses. También colaboraba con la Cruz Roja Española. Mientras trabajaba como auxiliar de enfermería estudiaba por las tardes para profesionalizarse como protésico dental.​

A los 24 años, estaba estudiando para obtener su título de técnico dental, dedicando gran parte de su tiempo y energía a su carrera universitaria. Por su trabajo en la Fundación Padre Rubinos, Samuel fue uno de los profesionales sanitarios que venía afrontando la pandemia de COVID-19 en primera línea durante más de un año, con un impacto especialmente fuerte en España y en las instituciones de atención y salud a ancianos. Según sus compañeros de trabajo, era muy querido por los usuarios de la institución.

El ocio nocturno estuvo cerrado en Galicia durante 10 meses y medio como medida de control de contagios provocados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Tras la reapertura el jueves 1 de julio de 2021, Samuel aprovechó para salir con un grupo de amigos cercanos al pub denominado El Andén, situado en el paseo marítimo de la playa de Riazor.​

Habiendo superado la primera noche las expectativas, Samuel volvió a salir a la misma zona la noche del viernes 2 de julio, con otro grupo de amigos, concretamente al mismo establecimiento, donde permanecieron hasta cerca de las 3:00 de la madrugada,​ tiempo límite de apertura decretado por las autoridades.​ A las 2:50, Samuel y Lina, una de las amigas con las que había acudido a El Andén, salieron del pub para fumar y hacer una videollamada desde el móvil de Lina con la pareja de esta misma, alejándose escasos metros de la puerta del club nocturno, en las afueras de la Avenida Buenos Aires, dejando a otros dos amigos dentro del establecimiento.​

De acuerdo al relato de dos amigas de la víctima, a las 2:50 de la madrugada, Lina y Samuel salieron del pub para fumar y hacer una videollamada la pareja de Lina, en las inmediaciones de la Avenida Buenos Aires, dejando a sus otros dos amigos al interior del establecimiento.

Cuando el agresor se fue, Samuel, con visibles contusiones en el rostro, pidió a Lina que buscara su móvil, que se había caído durante la paliza. Para calmarlo, Lina empezó a buscar el dispositivo, dejando a Samuel con el joven que lo había ayudado. Mientras buscaba el móvil, el agresor volvió acompañado de otras doce personas, quienes aprovecharon la oportunidad para acorralarlo y golpearlo hasta dejarlo inconsciente, escuchándose gritos de "¡maricón de mierda!".​ Según la investigación policial, al menos cuatro personas siguieron pateando a Samuel hasta que dejó de moverse.​ Lo patearon y persiguieron durante 250 metros desde el pub hasta el n.º 2 de la avenida de Buenos Aires, donde continuó el ensañamiento durante 15 minutos, sobre todo con patadas en la cabeza.​ Cuando Lina logró alcanzar a Samuel, el joven yacía en el suelo al otro lado de la calle, donde había tratado de resguardarse alejándose de sus agresores. Al ver que la víctima no reaccionaba, los atacantes huyeron del lugar.​ El senegalés Ibrahima Shakur fue uno de los pocos ciudadanos que intentaron detener la paliza apartando a los agresores.​

La policía pudo confirmar con rapidez, a través de los teléfonos móviles, la identidad de la mayor parte de los agresores, mayores de edad en su mayoría. A todos ellos se les interrogó de forma separada para contrastar las versiones ofrecidas de cada uno sobre el caso. Antes de la llegada de la ambulancia que atendió a la víctima, Samuel recibió la ayuda ciudadana de varias personas que se encontraban a esa hora cerca del lugar del suceso. Dichas personas han declarado a la policía cómo fueron parte de los hechos que pudieron observar.​

Según el informe policial, Samuel mostraba multitud de hematomas, especialmente en la cabeza y el pecho.​ Al lugar llegó una patrulla de la Policía Nacional, quienes llamaron a una ambulancia.​ El personal sanitario trató de reanimar al joven durante dos horas, sin éxito. Samuel fue trasladado en ambulancia al Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, en donde sólo se pudo confirmar su deceso.​ El informe forense ha determinado que la causa del fallecimiento fue un traumatismo craneoencefálico severo.​

Investigación

Si bien inmediatamente fue decretado el secreto de sumario, el 4 de julio de 2021, fuentes cercanas a la investigación informaron que algunos testigos habían permitido la identificación de los presuntos autores. La Policía Nacional analizó videos grabados por personas que se encontraban en el sitio, así como de cámaras de vigilancia urbana en esa zona céntrica de la capital provincial.​ Clave para la identificación de los sospechosos fueron las declaraciones de un testigo, quien minutos después del fatal asalto llamó al 092 y dijo que había visto a un grupo de personas escapar de la escena del crimen, dejando a Samuel agonizando en el suelo. El testimonio también introdujo las primeras pistas sobre la identidad de los agresores, ya que el denunciante declaró a la policía que eran del barrio Elviña, dando detalles particulares sobre uno de ellos, incluido el sobrenombre con el que se le conoce en esa zona.​ Además, una de las chicas que acompañaba a la víctima pudo identificar a la persona que inició el asalto al ver uno de los videos.​ Las medidas promulgadas por la Junta de Galicia para facilitar el cribado en caso de brote de Covid-19, exigiendo la identificación de todas las personas que ingresan a un lugar de entretenimiento, facilitaron la tarea a los agentes, ya que tanto la víctima como los presuntos responsables de su fallecimiento habían facilitado su número de DNI en la discoteca El Andén.​

El Juzgado de Instrucción n.º 8 de La Coruña, de turno ese fin de semana, consiguió entonces estrechar el control sobre el grupo de agresores,​ con declaraciones de 13 personas tomadas por la comisión policial, identificadas por la investigación como autores de la paliza y abandono de Samuel en el paseo marítimo de Riazor, resultando en su muerte.​ Algunos de los sospechosos son menores de edad.​

Según fuentes de la Delegación del Gobierno, inicialmente se descartó el carácter homofóbico del delito, relacionando lo sucedido con una discusión sobre un malentendido sobre un teléfono móvil. Según esta versión, Samuel estaría haciendo una videollamada con amigos, con los atacantes pensando que los estaría grabando, resultando en la brutal paliza y la muerte del joven.​ Según la fuente gubernamental, solo después de que se realizasen las detenciones habrá posibilidad de que se lleve a cabo el motivo del crimen.​

Detenciones

Aunque las informaciones preliminares del 4 de julio relataron la posible detención de 13 sospechosos,​ el 5 de julio, el ministro del Interior, Fernando Grande-Marlaska, declaró que aún no había detenidos y calificó el crimen de "asesinato".​ El 6 de julio fueron detenidos dos hombres y una mujer.​ Dos días después fue detenido un cuarto sospechoso de entre 20 y 25 años, que además tenía en su posesión el teléfono móvil de Samuel, por lo que además de pesar sobre él una acusación de homicidio (imputación que el juez ha dictaminado para los detenidos)​ también se le acusa de apropiación indebida.​

El 9 de julio, mientras los cuatro sospechosos pasaron a disposición del Juzgado de Instrucción número 8 de A Coruña, fueron detenidos dos menores implicados, uno de ellos con antecedentes policiales. Ambos pertenecen al mismo grupo de amigos de los ya detenidos.​

De los seis detenidos, tres fueron enviados a prisión provisional comunicada y sin fianza en la prisión coruñesa de Teixeiro por la jueza titular del Juzgado de Instrucción nº1 de A Coruña. La única detenida fue puesta en libertad con la obligación de comparecer en el juzgado,​ mientras que los dos restantes fueron enviados a centros de menores a pedido de la Fiscalía de Menores.​

En la residencia de ancianos de la Fundación Padre Rubinos, donde trabajaba Samuel, la consternación fue generalizada. Según Eduardo Aceña, presidente de la institución, las personas que cuidaba lo querían tanto por el buen trato que recibían de él y por la alegría que les transmitía que los empleados prefirieron ocultarles la verdad sobre las circunstancias del fallecimiento de Samuel.​

Si bien la versión oficial descartó inicialmente el carácter homofóbico de los ataques, los testimonios que relataron los hechos constataron la motivación homofóbica del ataque, al ser Samuel interpelado a través del uso de la expresión " maricón". Esto provocó reacciones inmediatas en las redes sociales, propiciando mensajes de figuras políticas y activistas LGTB+.​ Los #JusticiaparaSamuel y #XustizaparaSamuel se han usado en Twitter para tuits con etiquetas sobre este caso.​​ Tras la difusión de testimonios que denunciaban a uno de los agresores gritando "maricón" a Samuel durante la paliza, la Delegación del Gobierno en Galicia abrió la posibilidad de que se tratara de un delito de motivación homófoba.​

El crimen se produjo durante la semana del Orgullo LGTBI y en un contexto de avances legislativos realizados con el objetivo de revertir los delitos de odio contra esa comunidad. El registro de denuncias que se tornaron definitivas e inapelables relacionadas con la orientación sexual y la identidad de género aumentó un 8,6% entre 2018 y 2019, según datos del Ministerio del Interior de España.​

La ministra de Derechos Sociales y Agenda 2030 y secretaria general de Podemos, Ione Belarra, declaró: "Todo mi cariño y apoyo para los familiares y amigos de Samuel. Y toda mi condena a este crimen de odio. Queremos un país libre de violencias en donde todos y todas se sientan libres por ser quienes son. Que se haga #JusticiaParaSamuel." De igual forma, la ministra de Igualdad, Irene Montero, condenó el asesinato, enviando afecto a la familia y seres queridos de Samuel, agregando que "hay que construir una sociedad más libre entre todos y todos para que no queramos encajar con el odio ". También Eduardo Rubiño, presidente del grupo parlamentario Más Madrid en la Asamblea de Madrid, pidió "que se esclarezca cada detalle y que haya justicia. Sus amigos insisten en el componente homofóbico de la paliza que queremos confirmar si estaríamos antes y después de la escalada de LGTBIfobia en nuestro país."​ La responsable gubernamental de Transición Ecológica y ministra, Teresa Ribera, declaró que había sido "un día triste", llamando a la represión personal, social y legal para quienes exudan brutalidad y homofobia.​ Asimismo, el alcalde de Cádiz, José María González "Kichi" expresó públicamente su rechazo al asesinato.​

La Asociación por la Libertad Afectiva y Sexual (ALAS) de La Coruña emitió un comunicado expresando su máxima condena al crimen, solicitando a las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado que lo investiguen en profundidad. El colectivo recordó que desde hace un año advierte en repetidas ocasiones de diferentes incidentes de odio que se han producido en la comunidad autónoma gallega, enviando el pésame a los familiares y amigos del joven asesinado.​

El ayuntamiento de Pontevedra también condenó el asesinato de Samuel Luiz, con mensajes de pésame y apoyo a familiares y amigos de la víctima. La portavoz municipal, Anabel Gulías, afirmó en relación con estos atentados contra el colectivo LGTBIQ+ que se están produciendo porque se está generando "un caldo de cultivo muy peligroso" en la sociedad, que acaba "desencadenando delitos como el de A Coruña".​

El cantante Alejandro Sanz, por su parte, publicó un polémico tuit opinando que la sociedad debería preocuparse más por los instintos criminales de los atacantes que por la orientación sexual de la víctima. El tuit, que posteriormente sería eliminado por Sanz, recibió una oleada de críticas negativas en la red social, forzando al artista a redactar un nuevo tuit aclarando la intencionalidad sus palabras.​ También el estilista español Pelayo Díaz recibió duras críticas por promocionar en Instagram una marca de cava utilizando el asesinato de Samuel, más tarde, retiró todo lo relacionado con el asesinato.​

Otras celebridades internacionales hicieron eco del asesinato en redes sociales, como la cantante estadounidense Beyoncé por medio de un tuit: "Oraciones por la familia y amigos de Samuel Luiz Muñiz" "Rest in power", el cantante británico Sam Smith, la cantante sueca Zara Larsson, la actriz inglesa Lena Headey, la artista mexicana Danna Paola o el cantante puertorriqueño Ricky Martin. Además otros muchos famosos españoles como Alaska, Rosalía, Aitana, Aron Piper, Ursula Corberó, Pablo Alborán, Ester Expósito, Ángel Martín, Miguel Bernardeau, Alba Reche o Ana Mena.​​​​​

El 8 de julio la presidenta de la Comunidad de Madrid, Isabel Díaz Ayuso, durante una sesión de control en la Asamblea de Madrid declaró que veía con malos ojos "la inversión de la carga de la prueba, y acusar sin motivos, sin pruebas, como ha pasado con el chico de Galicia". Posteriormente añadió que "es curiosa la lógica de la izquierda (...) Si matan a un chico en Galicia, es culpa mía". La portavoz de Más Madrid, Mónica García, le reclamó que no haya emitido ninguna condena oficial por el crimen, a pesar de que miles de personas llenaron la Puerta de Sol para reclamar justicia para Samuel.​​

Manifestaciones

La organización Avante LGTB+ convocó para el lunes 5 de julio una serie de concentraciones en unas 50 ciudades y pueblos de Galicia, en protesta por la muerte de Samuel, y pedir que se esclarezca la relación del delito con la orientación sexual de la víctima.​​ También se programaron manifestaciones en ciudades de toda España para las 20:00, ​ hora de las manifestaciones en Galicia. Las manifestaciones también contaron con el apoyo del Bloque Nacionalista Gallego.​

En A Coruña, a pesar de la copiosa lluvia, la manifestación llenó la plaza de María Pita, plaza principal de la ciudad, en un mar de sombrillas, destacando los carteles de los amigos de Samuel Luiz, presentes en la manifestación, y sus amigos más cercanos, con camisetas con la foto impresa del rostro del joven asesinado. El colectivo Avante LGTB +, organizador de la concentración, afirmó en un breve discurso que estaba seguro del carácter homofóbico del asesinato. El padre de Samuel, a través del vocero del mismo colectivo, pidió que esta fuera la última muerte violenta por ese motivo, desafiando a los agresores a que muestren la cara. Un amigo de Samuel pidió a los medios de comunicación que mostraran respeto por los padres de Samuel, quienes fueron severamente acosados durante ese día.​​

En Orense, la manifestación programada para la Praça do Bispo Cesáreo ​ reunió a cientos de personas, que llevaron una gran bandera multicolor desde la Alameda hasta la Plaza Mayor. También hubo pequeñas manifestaciones en los municipios de A Rúa de Valdeorras, Petín, Ginzo de Limia, Viana del Bollo, Carballino y Allariz, entre otros lugares de la provincia de Orense.​

Otras manifestaciones se organizaron en la plaza del 8 de Marzo de Santiago de Compostela, la plaza de España de Pontevedra y el Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Vigo. En Lugo, Ferrol y varios otros municipios, la ubicación elegida fue frente a la casa consistorial.​ La lista también incluye La Estrada .​ El Ayuntamiento de Pontevedra apoyó y confirmó su participación institucional en la manifestación del 5 de julio, en su repulsa por el asesinato de Samuel Luiz, a las 20:00 horas en la Praza da Peregrina.​

En Madrid, la manifestación organizada por el Movimiento Marikas de Madrid, en la Puerta del Sol, reunió a cerca de tres mil manifestantes.​​ En la manifestación también participaron uno de los cofundadores de Podemos, Juan Carlos Monedero, y la secretaria de organización del partido, Lilith Verstrynge, la portavoz del grupo parlamentario madrileño Más Madrid, Rita Maestre, la portavoz de Unidas Podemos en el parlamento municipal, Carolina Alonso, y el diputado socialista en el parlamento regional, Santiago Rivero. Los manifestantes exhibieron carteles con lemas contra la homofobia como "la homofobia y el fascismo son lo mismo". Algunos de los carteles mostraban la foto de Samuel bajo el título "Descansa en paz" entre numerosas banderas LGTBI. Luego de los discursos y arengas, parte de los manifestantes abandonaron la plaza de manera espontánea, con el objetivo de acudir a la sede del Ministerio de Justicia. Al pasar por la Gran Vía se sentaron en el suelo cortando el tráfico, haciendo lo propio en la calle de San Bernardo, donde se encuentra la sede del ministerio, sin dejar de gritar: "A Samuel lo mataron por ser maricón ", "la lucha está en la calle y no en el parlamento"; y criticando al Gobierno español. a las 22 horas continuó la manifestación, con el corte de las principales vías de la ciudad hacia Princesa, donde se produjeron enfrentamientos entre policías y manifestantes y cargas policiales.

También se organizaron manifestaciones en Barcelona por El Observatori contra L'homofòbia y Federació Plataforma d'Entitats LGTBI de Catalunya, y en Valencia, Sevilla, Jerez de la Frontera, Zaragoza,​ Salamanca, Badajoz, Bilbao, Albacete, Granada, Cuenca, Cartagena y Guadalajara.​​ En León se reunieron más de doscientas personas y se leyó un manifiesto que pedía que no se produjera ninguna agresión contra el colectivo LGTBI.​ En Valladolid, cerca de mil personas se dieron cita en la Plaza Mayor. Tras un minuto de silencio y varios cánticos contra los delitos de homofobia, las asociaciones Alternativa Universitaria y Fundación Triángulo leyeron un comunicado en el que pedían a ciudadanos y políticos que asuman un compromiso activo y militante por la erradicación de la homofobia. En Lanzarote, donde el 4 de julio un niño de la localidad fue agredido violentamente con el grito de "maricón", la Asociación Lánzate LGTBI convocó a toda la población de la isla a manifestarse a las 16:00 horas, frente al Banco Arcoíris de la calle Real (Rúa León y Castilla) para reclamar justicia por lo que describieron como el asesinato homofóbico de Samuel.​

Cientos de personas se reunieron en las tres capitales del País Vasco, denunciando no solo el asesinato de Samuel, sino los recientes atentados contra personas LGTB +. La semana pasada se había viralizado un vídeo en el que cuatro jóvenes donostiarras bromeaban sobre atrapar y matar a personas LGBT con sus propias manos, diciendo: "Imagina metiéndole un puñetazo y así, tumbándolo". Un mes antes, las amenazas se concretaron incluso cuando Ekain, un joven de Basauri, fue agredido por 13 personas, nueve de las cuales están siendo investigadas por la Ertzaintza, gritando: "maricón de mierda". En esa ocasión, el joven agredido tuvo que ser trasladado al hospital, luego de que los golpes lo dejaran inconsciente.​

También en Estrasburgo, Francia, una treintena de eurodiputados, en su mayoría españoles, se reunieron en el patio de la sede del Parlamento Europeo, en un gesto de disgusto por la brutal agresión que acabó con la vida del joven Samuel.​

Véase también

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Asesinato de Samuel Luiz - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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El asesinato de Samuel Luiz es un caso de asesinato por una agresión homófoba en grupo y abandono (omisión de socorro) de Samuel Luiz Muñiz, un joven español de origen brasileño de 24 años, ocurrido en La Coruña ( Galicia) en la madrugada del 3 de julio de 2021.

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"R ock Hudson padece sida, fue diagnosticado hace un año en Estados Unidos", el ruido de los flashes de las decenas de fotógrafos que seguían la rueda de prensa de la publicista francesa Yanou Collart el 25 de julio de 1985 hacen casi inaudible el resto de sus palabras. Está leyendo una declaración que causará una profunda conmoción en todo el mundo y a la que apenas unas horas antes el actor ha dado su visto bueno en su habitación del Hospital Americano de París con un lacónico "¿Esto es lo que quieren? Pues vete y échaselo a los perros".

Los perros, claro está, eran la prensa y el anuncio una manera de sellar un dique que llevaba perdiendo agua demasiado tiempo. Dos días antes, Army Arched lo había revelado en exclusiva en Variety y apenas 24 horas antes el San Francisco Chronicle había desvelado la homosexualidad del actor, un secreto a voces en Hollywood y en San Francisco, pero un escándalo y una sorpresa para el resto del mundo para quien aquel gigante de sonrisa permanente representaba el ideal de hombretón americano, un pack en el que la heterosexualidad se daba por supuesto.

A pesar de ello, tanto su portavoz en Francia como su representante en Estados Unidos lanzaron balones fuera respecto a su contagio "nadie en su entorno tiene sida", dijeron. Por entonces la epidemia que ya había dejado miles de muertos permanecía asociada a homosexuales, consumidores de drogas y en menor medida a transfusiones sanguíneas. La salud del actor llevaba años siendo endeble lo que había despertado toda suerte de rumores, entre ellos un cáncer de hígado, pero el sida no se había mencionado. Aquella extraña afección que se acabaría cobrando más de 70 millones de vidas en el mundo era una epidemia silenciosa de la que nadie quería hablar y que sólo afectaba a personas marginales.

O al menos eso pensaban muchas de las personas que al día siguiente leyeron la noticia estupefactas. Rock Hudson, el hombre cuyas películas habían idolatrado en el cine y se había metido en sus salas de estar gracias a la televisión, el gigante de sonrisa abierta, afable, millonario y siempre rodeado de lujo y celebridades, yacía en un cama de hospital convertido en un amasijo de piel y huesos. Tras días de especulaciones, la verdad había sido revelada: el actor había sido diagnosticado de Síndrome De Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida un año antes en Estados Unidos y recientemente se había trasladado a París para recibir un tratamiento experimental. Pero ya era tarde. El 21 de julio se había desplomado en el Ritz de París. Cuando tras descartarse la eficacia del tratamiento el actor llegó a Estados Unidos, sus imágenes descendiendo del avión en camilla dieron la vuelta al mundo y las noticias sobre su estado de salud se mezclaron con las especulaciones sobre su sexualidad, mientras sus compañeros de trabajo rehuían a la prensa y afirmaban no saber nada de su vida. Tal vez porque Rock Hudson no era el tipo que languidecía en aquella cama. Rock Hudson había sido una invención de los estudios de Hollywood que durante cuatro décadas le habían obligado a mantener una doble vida para seguir lucrándose a costa de una imagen falsa que ellos habían construido. Al igual que Tony Wilson, el protagonista de una de sus películas más infravaloradas, Plan diabólico, él era dos personas y la que se estaba muriendo en aquel hospital no era Rock Hudson, era Roy Scherer Jr.

Roy Scherer, Jr, como le llamaban todos los que le conocían porque detestaba tanto el nombre de Rock que ni siquiera firmaba autógrafos, había nacido el 17 de noviembre de 1925 en Winnetka, Illinois. Había sido un niño fornido y de sonrisa permanente que sufrió el abandono de su padre cuando apenas tenía cuatro años y el maltrato del nuevo marido de su madre, un alcohólico violento. Lo primero que hizo aquel hombre cuando llegó a su vida fue prohibirle besar a su madre, lo que consideraba un signo de debilidad; lo segundo, obligarle a comer marisco crudo hasta que vomitó, eso le haría endurecerse, pensó; también las palizas. Cuando tras ver en una revista una foto del niño actor Jackie Coogan posando sonriente con una bicicleta manifestó su deseo de ser actor, deduciendo que aquella bicicleta se las regalaban a los niños actores. Recibió un puñetazo que le hizo volver a la realidad. No iba a ser fácil llegar a Hollywood desde aquel hogar.

Lo intentó unos cuantos años después, tras volver de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y de una manera muy poco sutil: pasando horas a la entrada de los estudios apoyado en el camión que conducía en aquel momento como si posase para Photoplay y esperando que su más de metro noventa y su buen aspecto le permitiesen franquearla.

No fue tan sencillo, pero gracias a su físico consiguió entrar en la industria. En un bar gay de los que empezó a frecuentar en Los Ángeles conoció a un tipo que le presentó al todopoderoso representante Henry Wilson -una figura que les será familiar a los espectadores de Hollywood, dentro de aquella ucronía delirante el retrato de Wilson resultaba bastante aproximado a la realidad, aunque no su redención final-.

Wilson detectó al momento el potencial de Roy que pasó a llamarse Rock Hudson, por la suma de la palabra "roca" y el río Hudson, -por alguna misteriosa razón a Wilson los cauces de los ríos y en general los accidentes geográficos le parecían el colmo de la virilidad-. Lo siguiente fue pulir su ya espectacular físico para conseguir el aspecto musculoso al gusto de la época y lograr que su voz sonase más profunda, lo que el aspirante a actor consiguió a base de desgarrar voluntariamente sus cuerdas vocales. Con esos retoques el producto Rock Hudson ya estaba listo, ahora sólo tenía que aprender a actuar, y no iba a ser tan fácil como desarrollar pectorales al gusto de la época.

En su primera película, Escuadrón de combate de Raoul Walsh, tardó 38 tomas en decir bien su única frase y hubo que modificarla para que lo consiguiese. Daba igual, era una estrella, la cámara le adoraba y los espectadores no tardarían en hacerlo también, lo de ser un actor ya llegaría, después de todo hay miles de actores, pero hay muy pocas estrellas. El estudio, seguro de saberse poseedor de un diamante en bruto, le pagó clases de interpretación.

La transición se obró en Obsesión de Douglas Sirk, con quien trabajaría en ocho ocasiones. Un melodrama destinado a no dejar un ojo seco en el que un rico tarambana se acaba redimiendo por el amor hacia una mujer (una Jane Wyman por entonces ya ex mujer de Ronald Reagan y a muchos años todavía de convertirse en la implacable Angela Channing) a la que primero deja accidentalmente viuda y posteriormente accidentalmente ciega. Un delirio sentimental tan demencial que algunos actores se negaron a interpretarlo por encontrarlo estúpido. Pero Hudson entendió y encajó tan bien en la historia que la película se convirtió en un éxito y le catapultó aún más como actor, porque ahora además de una estrella, era un actor.

El único inconveniente fue que su recién adquirido estatus provocó un desmesurado interés por su vida privada. ¿Por qué la estrella más rutilante del cielo de Hollywood no tenía novia? se preguntaban incluso medios prestigiosos como la revista Life. Pues porque era homosexual, por supuesto no el único en Hollywood, y probablemente tampoco en Winnetka. La industria estaba plagada de homosexuales y lesbianas en todos los departamentos, pero debía mantenerse en secreto, en especial en el caso de los actores y actrices y más aún en el de las estrellas de la magnitud de Hudson. Antes de él había habido muchos: Cary Grant, Greta Garbo, Montgomery Clift, Marlene Dietrich, Barbara Stanwick...todos ellos habían aceptado el juego de Hollywood: mantener su vida sexual en privado y dejarse ver siempre con parejas de otro sexo. También los hubo que no soportaron llevar una doble vida, hicieron sus maletas y se volvieron a sus casas, pero a esos héroes nadie los recuerda.

Además de clases de interpretación y decenas de páginas de publicidad en revistas, Universal había construido para él The castle, una mansión con piscina, gimnasio y biblioteca en el que celebraba fiestas a las que sólo acudían hombres. Ningún problema, si eran fiestas privadas. Las indisimuladas correrías del actor por los ambientes gays de la ciudad eran conocidas por todos los que lo rodeaban, pero los estudios que habían invertido mucho dinero en él no estaban dispuestos a que disminuyese la cotización de su gran activo. Eso implicaba que su "estilo de vida" no saliese a la luz e incluía medidas tan chiripitiflaúticas como que cuando salía con sus amigos tenían que ir de tres en tres y no de dos en dos o de cuatro en cuatro para que nadie pensase nunca que eran parejas. La lógica de los moralistas es tan aparentemente sencilla como profundamente compleja.

El problema es que al lado de las amables revistas de cine controladas absolutamente por los estudios surgieron publicaciones como Confidential (sí, de ahí viene L.A. Confidential) que empezaban a oler el gusto de los lectores por la sangre y estaban más interesadas en las miserias de la industria y en con quién se acostaban realmente las estrellas que en con quién quería el estudio que creyesen que se acostaba.

Cuando Confidential amenazó con sacar a la luz la homosexualidad del actor, Wilson les ofreció pruebas de la de otro de sus protegidos de nombre imposible, Tab Hunter. La revista publicó que Hunter había sido arrestado por "conducta desordenada" y su prometedora carrera inició un declive del que no se recuperó (pero tuvo un maravilloso colofón, fue la pareja de Divine en una indisimulada parodia de los melodramas que Hudson había protagonizado en los cincuenta dirigida por el mitomanísimo John Waters). Wilson y Hudson habían esquivado la primera bala, pero la segunda aguardaba en la recámara, sobre todo tras la repercusión de Gigante, otro melodrama más grande que la vida que le proporcionó su única nominación al Oscar y le acercó a su gran amiga Elizabeth Taylor y enfrentó a James Dean, un jovenzuelo que representaba todo a lo que él había renunciado en su vida: la rebeldía. Ahora ya no valía lanzar otro hueso a los perros y Wilson fue más allá por proteger su inversión: le hizo casarse con su secretaria Phyllis Gates.

Tras una boda tan falsa que las primeras llamadas de la novia fueron a la prensa y no a su propia familia, que no estaba invitada, el público pudo respirar aliviado. Aquel estandarte americano de virilidad por fin había tomado el camino recto. Tres años después cada uno se iría por su lado, ella con unos cuantos millones en su cuenta y él con la tranquilidad de saber que no volvería a ser acosado, por el momento. Quién iba a dudar de la heterosexualidad de un hombre que se había casado cristianamente y se había convertido en el galán oficial de la pantalla gracias a las comedias románticas que protagonizaba con Doris Day. En las películas con Sirk, los westerns y las cintas bélicas había mostrado su solvencia dramática, pero aquel de cuya capacidad actoral habían dudado todos también tenía vis cómica. Confidencias a medianoche, Pijama para dos, No me manden flores y la maravillosa Su juego favorito de Howard Hawks con Paula Prentiss demostraban que no sólo era un galán abnegado y heroico, también podía ser pícaro y divertido.

Sin embargo, aquellas inocentes comedias almibaradas se iban pasando de moda y su físico se empezaba a resentir. Tenía poco más de 40 años, pero bebía dos botellas de whisky al día y fumaba dos paquetes de tabaco. También había desarrollado una curiosa deformidad en su dedo gordo de tanto morderse las uñas, la tensión que aguantaba manteniendo una doble vida estaba afectando a su salud. Abandonó a Wilson y su nuevo representante intentó dar un giro a su carrera con el thriller de ciencia ficción, Plan diabólico de John Frankeneheimer, una obra maestra tan adelantada a su tiempo que fue un rotundo fracaso, lo que le afectó profundamente

Cuando el cine dejó de picar a su puerta y fue consciente de que lo único que podía mantenerle cuerdo era el trabajo se fue a la televisión, no tenía tanto prestigio, pero pagaban bien y le permitía mantener su popularidad. La exitosa serie de detectives McMillan y esposa junto a Susan Saint James revitalizó su fama. El público que veinte años atrás había abarrotado los cines para verle seducir a Jane Wyman, Doris Day o Lauren Bacall se arrebujaba ahora frente al televisor para disfrutar de su estrella favorita en una serie tan amable y familiar como siempre habían sido sus productos.

A pesar de que sus amigos le alentaban a revelar su condición, siendo conscientes de lo importante que sería para su salud mental y para los derechos de un movimiento LGTBQ que empezaba a tomar forma en aquel momento, siempre se negó. Algunos como el escritor Armistead Maupin, autor de Historias de San Francisco, afirman que lo consideró seriamente, pero si fue así, no tardó en desestimarlo. Los rumores sobre su homosexualidad habían cobrado tanta fuerza que en el estreno de Confidencias a medianoche un grupo le recibió al grito de "¡marica!". Tras aquel incidente dejó de asistir a los estrenos.

A principios de los ochenta tuvo que someterse a un bypass quíntuple debido a los excesos a los que había sometido a aquel cuerpo que antaño había forrado las paredes de las habitaciones de los adolescentes de medio mundo y del que ya sólo quedaban los rescoldos. Cuando en 1984 acudió a una cena de estado en la Casa Blanca con sus buenos amigos de los tiempos de Hollywood Nancy y Ronald Reagan, era un republicano acérrimo, su aspecto ya era alarmante, pero declaró estar recuperándose de un catarro. Lo que no encajaba en la historia era la herida que se vislumbraba en su cuello y que le llevó a consultar a un especialista, el diagnóstico no dejó lugar a dudas: sarcoma de Kaposi, uno de los primeros síntomas del sida.

Solo unas semanas después, Hudson se enteró de que era VIH positivo. Por supuesto lo ocultó, sabía de la identificación con la homosexualidad que sufría la enfermedad y tenía la certeza de que aquello dinamitaría su carrera, porque todavía pensaba en su carrera. Tanto que a pesar de estar ya devastado por el virus aceptó un papel en Dinastía, la serie estrella del momento. En ella interpretaría a un interés romántico de Linda Evans. Consciente de su enfermedad, se tomó un especial cuidado a la hora de filmar las escenas que incluían besos, porque aunque ya se había descartado que la saliva fuese un medio de transmisión del virus, a mediados de los ochenta todavía había más incertidumbres que certezas respecto al contagio de la enfermedad.

A pesar de ser el gran reclamo de la nueva temporada su aspecto ya no tenía nada que ver con el que le había convertido en el hombre más deseado apenas una década antes. Cuando pocos meses después apareció arropando a su gran amiga Doris Day en la presentación de su nuevo programa los espectadores supieron que algo grave estaba sucediendo. Sus amigos le habían pedido que evitase aquella aparición, pero su cariño por Day le hizo asistir.

Menos de dos semanas después yacía en la cama de un hospital en París a donde había acudido porque en Francia la enfermedad había recibido la atención que en Estados Unidos la administración Reagan le había negado por miedo a perder el voto de los conservadores. Pero en Francia habían sido conscientes de que aquella epidemia no era un "castigo divino" y desarrollaron un tratamiento que el actor quería recibir. Cuando pidió a sus antaño buenos amigos Ronald y Nancy que le ayudasen a acceder a él se negaron. Ya no les interesaba que su nombre se asociase al de la estrella.

Pero aunque los Reagan hubiesen tenido alma y no sólo ansias de votos tampoco habrían podido haber hecho nada por salvarle. Cuando el actor recurrió al tratamiento parisino ya estaba en fase terminal. Ni siquiera fue plenamente consciente de que su amigo y antiguo amante Armistead Maupin había revelado al San Francisco Chronicle que efectivamente el actor era gay realizando el primer outing de la historia, antes incluso de que existiese un término para definirlo. Según algunos amigos ni siquiera era plenamente consciente cuando aceptó que su portavoz en Francia leyese aquel comunicado que consternó al mundo y que provocó que todos los que alguna vez se habían cruzado con él fueran interrogados por la prensa. Nadie sabía nada, pero empezó una cacería en la que se juzgaba al actor por haber puesto en peligro la vida de Linda Evans de la que decían que estaba "seriamente preocupada" al igual que afirmaban que el productor Aaron Spelling había pagado las pruebas para detectar la enfermedad a todo el equipo. Tanto la actriz como el productor lo desmintieron con rotundidad a la vez que pedían respeto para el actor.

Hudson creía que aquellas revelaciones volverían al mundo contra él, pero descubrió que para su sorpresa se había convertido en un icono y recibía miles de cartas al día agradeciéndole su valentía. "¿Me escriben porque estoy enfermo?" se preguntaba incrédulo. Él nunca había intentado ser un adalid de nada, todo lo contrario, pero desató un fenómeno y sobre todo cambió la percepción sobre la enfermedad que empezó a recibir atención y fondos económicos. Como escribió Randy Shilts, autor de And the Band Played On, la primera obra sobre los orígenes de la enfermedad: "Hubo sida antes de Rock Hudson y sida después". Mientras tanto Hudson permanecía en un hospital rodeado de carteles que rezaban "Sida. No tocar" y rogaba a sus amigos algo tan elemental como que le rascasen la espalda porque el hombre más deseado durante décadas ahora era un apestado con el que nadie quería tener contacto físico.

Un par de meses después, durante una gala organizada por Elizabeth Taylor, uno de sus mayores apoyos a lo largo de toda su vida, Burt Lancaster leyó una carta del actor que decía "No estoy contento de estar enfermo. No estoy feliz de tener sida; pero si eso está ayudando a otros, al menos puedo saber que mi propia desgracia ha tenido un valor positivo". Dos semanas después, Rock Hudson, fallecía en su cama, rodeado por los amigos que se habían mantenido a su lado dejando un legado invaluable tanto para los derechos LTGBQ como para la lucha contra el sida. El Roy Scherer, Jr. que se había ocultado durante décadas tras aquel constructo hollywoodiense que fue Rock Hudson podía estar orgulloso.

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El trágico final de Rock Hudson, el último galán del Hollywood dorado cuya desgracia ayudó al mundo

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El 25 de julio de 1985 se anunció que había contraído el VIH, un día antes los medios habían desvelado que era homosexual. La gran plaga del siglo XX se visibilizaba tras cobrarse su víctima más célebre y la vida íntima del actor quedaba al descubierto.

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Artículo sobre la verdadera historia que inspiró la película Pride (EN)

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Artículo sobre la verdadera historia que inspiró la película Pride (EN)

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n September 2010, the writer Stephen Beresford was about to leave a meeting with film producer David Livingstone when he was asked: "Is there any story you are burning to write?" "Well, there is one," he replied, hesitating at the door, "but no one is ever going to make it." He acknowledges now that this is a line you can only use once in a pitch and explains that he went on to tell the story of miners in the Dulais valley in South Wales during the 1984-5 strike - the longest in British history - and a gay and lesbian group from London that donated more money (£11,000 by December 1984) to their cause than any other fundraiser in the UK, along with a minibus emblazoned with the logo LGSM: Lesbians and Gays Support the Miners.

In a decade when a degree of homophobia was the norm, LGSM drove a couple of minibuses from Hackney Community Transport and a clapped-out VW camper van to a bleak mining town in South Wales to present their donations, uncertain what sort of welcome to expect. The events that unfolded said a lot about what it means to be empathetic, to overcome dissent and face common enemies: Thatcher, the tabloids, the police. They told a story about solidarity.

"It is a story I'd known about for 20 years," Beresford explains. "I first heard about it when I was at Rada." (Now 42, Beresford started out as an actor but is also author of The Last of the Haussmans, an exuberantly accomplished debut at the National in 2012). "The story had become a legend in the gay community. But it was like Chinese whispers - I wasn't sure whether to believe it. I did think, if it is true, I'll write about it one day."

As Beresford talked to Livingstone, he had a hunch the story's moment had come. By the time he'd finished, Livingstone's eyes were "moist" and Beresford had secured his commission. Pride - the word could not be more charged - is his first feature film as a writer. Three years later and the film, shot in Banwen, Wales, and London, and directed by Tony-winning Matthew Warchus (responsible for Matilda the Musical, and soon to be artistic director of the Old Vic), is finished.

You might assume a romcom about striking miners and 80s gays was unlikely to be big box-office, but the same was probably said of Billy Elliot. Pride looks likely to be a massive hit. It is wonderful. I've seen it twice, laughed repeatedly, wept at the end. You might wonder how, after the defeat of the miners, an upbeat ending could be legitimate, but this is one of the film's many achievements. It is directed with finesse and has a fabulous cast (including Bill Nighy, Imelda Staunton and Dominic West). The story could easily have gone awry but never belly-flops into sentimentality - its feelgood factor is earned. It evokes the 80s uncannily. And what is most remarkable is that it does not trivialise the politics of the time.

It opens with a rallying Arthur Scargill on TV, saying the miners will, one day, be able to tell themselves: "I was proud and privileged to be part of the greatest struggle on Earth." Then there is footage of Thatcher, determined to smash the trade unions (a point made by a new award-winning documentary, Owen Gower's Still the Enemy Within, which describes the firsthand experience of those who lived through the strike). Thatcher appears, looking like a possessed marionette, her bossy elocution a declaration of intent, as if she means her voice to carry, to be heard generations on.

Most of the real people who were involved are alive to tell their tales, although Aids casts its shadow in the events of the film and has taken several LGSM members (this is not Pride's primary subject but readers who would prefer not to know anything about its impact on the film should stop reading here). Beresford's problem was how to make contact with the survivors from the mining community and LGSM with no obvious internet trail to help him.

But one crucial find - a half-hour documentary, All Out! Dancing in Dulais, created by LGSM for the miners - became a vital resource and makes a fascinating introduction to the cast. Its most arresting character is a charming, fresh-faced Irish boy, Mark Ashton, who died of Aids in 1987. He was one of the founders of LGSM and talks like a leader: "One community should give solidarity to another. It is really illogical to say, 'I'm gay and I'm into defending the gay community but I don't care about anything else...'."

In Pride, he is beautifully played by Ben Schnetzer with spontaneity, sweetness and swagger - a heartbreaker. Beresford says he was the hardest character to recapture, not least because: "In Wales, they still talk about Mark Ashton as if he were Joan of Arc."

In the homemade LGSM documentary, we also glimpse a tall, handsome fellow wearing groovy leather trousers, shaking a donations bucket outside Gay's the Word bookshop in London's Marchmont Street - this is Jonathan Blake. A small, bespectacled chap, busy with paperwork, is northern English leftie Mike Jackson, described by Beresford as a "keeper of the flame, then and now". Among the Welsh contingent, a young woman stands out - one of the stars of the homemade doc. She explains how the gay community educated the mining community: "Their struggle is similar to our own." This is Siân James, a young miner's wife, now MP for Swansea East. Beresford describes her as a "powerhouse, a highly intelligent working-class woman, an engine of social action".

And there is Dai Donovan, Welsh miner, courageous and open-minded, speaking with dignity at the 1984 benefit concert Pits and Perverts (the phrase was the Sun's, reclaimed by LGSM as a badge of honour. This was a wildly successful gig dedicated to raising money - £5,650 - for the miners, and starring Bronski Beat). Cliff, an older miner (in the film, a killingly funny and affecting Bill Nighy) appears in the documentary saying: "The lesbians and gays have been super duper."

But because this was an amateur documentary, no names accompanied the faces. The credits, luckily, included an uncommon name: Reggie Blennerhassett. Beresford contacted him on Facebook and asked: were you involved in LGSM? Eventually he met almost everyone. Yet he knew he would also need an invented character. Joe (sensitively played by George MacKay) is a sixth-former, a suburban mouse discovering his sexuality (to cover for absences from home when he is with LGSM, he tells his folks he is doing a choux pastry course). "We needed a character who, like the audience, arrives bewildered at a Gay Pride march. What happens to him is like what happens to the straight audience - he mirrors the slight feeling of trepidation. It helps to have someone who does not know where he is going because an audience can think: neither do I."

Beresford was honest with all his interviewees from the Welsh mining community and from LGSM: "I'm a ruthless teller of stories. I told them this won't be a documentary." He argued - and they agreed - that the story was bigger than anyone in it. Now, because I'm about to meet some of the original people involved, I have to ask: how has the film gone down? He admits he was "incredibly frightened" before the first screening. But at the end there was stunned silence, applause, tears. Dai Donovan, visibly moved, asked: "May I speak?" He made "an extraordinary, moving speech. He said the time had come for them to thank us, as film-makers. He said, 'None of us believed this story would see the light of day. It is a document for the future, it exists for all time.'"

And then? "After that we all went and had a roaring piss-up."

After the strike, Mike Jackson felt "sad to think that when I died this history would be forgotten. The archive is in the People's History Museum, Manchester - but nobody would have known it was there". Now his eyes shine as he remembers the Welsh miners who came to London to march with Gay Pride in June 1985. "You could glimpse a wonderful revolution, that spark of the dream of people being together. The film gets that so right." Jackson says LGSM "changed my life, it is the proudest thing I've done. But I feel the same now, if anything more angry. I hate Margaret Thatcher as much as ever."

I speak to Blennerhassett - Beresford's key to the story - and his partner, Ray Aller, on the phone and they agree that being involved in LGSM was "the best time of our lives". They tell me they were paid extras in the film's final march: "We were costumed for the 80s. It was a stirring day to relive and many younger people were fascinated. One hope is that the film might revive political interest because the activism of the left has been sidelined, the trade unions are weak, gay rights issues aren't there."

Like many of those I interview, they say the film made them weep and they see it, in part, as a memorial to Mark Ashton. Blennerhassett says: "It is very hard to watch. When you see Ben playing Mark, it is like he has come back to life - it is unbelievable."

Jonathan Blake: LGSM member

I meet Jonathan Blake at Mike Jackson's flat and he brings along a black-and-white photo of himself dancing at the miners' welfare hall. We look at it together: he is leaning back, eyes closed, hands clapping. He is handsome, relaxed, basking in the moment. The miner's wife, Siân James, is to his left, staring directly at him, clapping too, looking as though she cannot believe her eyes. It was this image that inspired a dancing scene in Pride in which Dominic West really goes for it and climbs on the tabletops, wowing everyone in sight. It is brilliantly cut as the camera strays sideways from his dancing to stunned miners nursing their pints.

The real Jonathan is warm and bearish, with a mohican, chic specs, a scarlet fleece, hippyish brown leather shoes - loads of visual flair. "My trousers were pink and grey check," he says, looking at the photo. "I made them myself." He started as an actor but when that gave him up, as he puts it, he did a tailoring course at the London College of Fashion and went on to make costumes for ENO.

In the film, Jonathan is more actor than activist. Our first sighting of him is with fox fur and whistle outside Gay's the Word book shop. What does he think of Dominic West's portrayal? "Oh God, I love my screen character. I like to think he is me - he dances beautifully." I see the real Jonathan as less extrovert, more vulnerable and with a quiet charisma of his own. "The days in Wales were extraordinary," he says. "Who would think I would still be here to tell the tale?"

Jonathan was one of the first to be diagnosed with HIV in this country yet recently celebrated his 65th birthday. "I never thought I would get to 40 and now I have my pension, which is fabulous." The question everyone will want answered is how it is he is still alive? He believes he survived because he refused to be part of a trial in which some patients were given AZT, others a placebo. "I said, 'If this drug is so wonderful, why aren't you giving it to everybody?' At the time, I didn't care whether I lived or died. I knew I'd be dead in three months."

When he did not die, he had to live: "I tried to get my strength up but didn't want to face the world." It was meeting a new partner, Nigel, which changed his outlook and, through him, he joined LGSM. They are still together and recently had West and director Matthew Warchus to tea. Jonathan baked a lemon drizzle cake.

Jonathan and Nigel had recently been told by Stephen Beresford that in the film Jonathan would have a different partner to real life, Welsh Gethin (Andrew Scott). Nigel took it well; the real Gethin still teases Jonathan about it. The first time Jonathan saw the film was "difficult, because all I could think about was the people who had died". The second time, he could "settle in and enjoy it". For him, the most important thing is what the collaboration led to. "With the South Wales miners at the 1985 Labour party conference, we put gay rights on the agenda. The [resulting equality resolution] became the trajectory that would lead to civil partnerships and marriages. The NUM didn't want anything to do with poofs. But Dai [Donovan] put pressure on them - he was as good as his word."

Mike Jackson: co-founder of LGSM

I have to admit that before meeting any of the real people involved, I had assumed they would be more ordinary than their on-screen incarnations. I am told by Pride's writer Stephen Beresford that Mike Jackson, co-founder of the LGSM, is the key to unlocking the story and has been his right-hand man. In the film, he is busy, radical, wears a beanie hat and is in love with the young, handsome Mark Ashton who, at one point, comes to his house calling from the street for "the Accrington sodomite" through a megaphone.

The last thing I expect is that on the evidence of the film and amateur documentary - 30 years old - I will recognise Mike immediately as he walks into our King's Cross rendezvous but, even minus the beanie, I do. Mike Jackson? "Yes," he says with a quick smile. I tell him Beresford has been raving to me about his beautiful garden - Mike teaches gardening to beginners, trained at Kew, has been doing it all his life, even during the miners' strike.

He comes from a working-class industrial family, is its greenest shoot - not many gardeners on his family tree. And quick as flash, he asks: would I like to visit as it is close by? And pretty soon, we are inspecting an incredible purple patch outside his front door with a rampant morning glory and, at the back, shared gardens by the canal in keeping with the community spirit that has defined his life.

Mike has a darting intelligence, a keen sense of humour. He remembers everything about the 80s. Does actor Joseph Gilgun have him right? "Have you any real perception of how people see you? I have no idea," he says. But his friends have told him: "He has got you to a tee." He talks about the megaphone scene where his character responds by telling Mark to come upstairs and sort flags. This is spot-on, evidently. "I'm a doer, not a talker," he says.

Yet he talks so well. You feel his indignation as he remembers how Thatcher's government "sequestered the funds of the NUM so miners couldn't get at their strike pay. It was unspeakable." Choosing to support the Welsh, of all possible British coalfields, he admits, was like "pinning the tail on a donkey" and, in real life, he did not ring to offer the Welsh miners LGSM's support as he does in the film - he wrote them a letter. But he remembers thinking: "God, I'd love to be a fly on the wall when they open it." He adds: "We weren't naive. Times were tougher for lesbians and gay men then. But you just go with it, don't you? A tougher climate means you have to be tougher. We were well used to homophobia."

It makes it all the more remarkable they were welcomed in Wales, although: "It would be dishonest to say there was no dissent. Years later, we found out there had been a meeting following my letter explaining a bunch of queers wanted to support them. It had led to a very heated discussion. But the consensus was: we have been demonised by the press, maybe we should meet the gay people because they've also been demonised. Those who had a problem with it were told to stay away. So we never encountered any hostility." It was not long before Welsh miners warmed to their cause: "They started wearing gay badges on their lapels. They wanted money because they were on strike; we wanted recognition and acceptance - not that we went with any preconditions, we did not expect anything back."

Then we talk about Mark Ashton. One day, during the writing of the film, Stephen Beresford turned up at Mike's flat: "He was extraordinarily cagey. And I said, 'Good God, what's the matter, Stephen? Spit it out.' And he said, 'Well, you and Mark... were you just friends?' I exploded with laughter. I said the man was beyond-belief lovable. He was beautiful, had a fantastic personality, was such a good friend, such a comrade. He was a whirlwind of a person, bright, mercurial, great fun. He could be argumentative but had this ability not to take himself too seriously."

Mike marvels at how times have changed for homosexuals in the metropolitan first world: "It is unbelievable, we have made such progress. Until I was 13, homosexuality was a crime - like making being black a crime. Nowadays, it is uncool for straight men to be disparaging about gay men."

Dai Donovan: miner, now trade unionist

I meet Dai Donovan on a summer afternoon in Cardiff at Bectu (the Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union) headquarters - no surprise he is still a trade unionist. What strikes me about Dai is his courtesy, desire to be fair and melodious Welsh accent, like a boat on an up-and-down sea. In the film, Paddy Considine, who plays him, dresses conventionally in what looks like an M&S checked shirt. Straight as a Dai. And when he has to make a speech in a gay bar with a clientele whose look is more S&M than M&S, you fear for him - how is it all going to pan out? He hunches intently over the mike, honestly addressing his audience. On and off screen, Dai is genuine. He says: "Going to a gay club in London was definitely something I'd never envisaged doing." It must have taken courage? "Frankly, it didn't because one was mindful of being among friends and colleagues by extension."

When he gave a speech at the Pits and Perverts benefit, his exact words were: "You have worn our badge, Coal Not Dole, and you know what harassment means, as we do. Now we will pin your badge on us, we will support you. It won't change overnight, but now 140,000 miners know that there are other causes and other problems. We know about blacks and gays and nuclear disarmament and we will never be the same."

He reminisces about LGSM's first visit to Wales, telling how the minibuses got lost in the valleys and did not turn up until one in the morning. Twenty-seven gay people (in the film it is a dozen) slept on his floor - in the morning, his six-year-old daughter "couldn't put her foot down". Dai has met Considine only briefly and marvels at how he has "managed to convey the sentiments and instinctive personality I believe I have, the caring exterior. I am particularly grateful to him for capturing some characteristics of sincerity and gentleness my family suggests I have." Then he says: "Forgive me, that sounds..." He couldn't be less of a braggart.

Dai believes the film will go down well in the valleys and that people will view it with nostalgia "because those events did happen and they were part of them". He says: "It manages to reflect much of the politics of that time. Any industrial action is made of highs and lows, moments of intense sadness and intense laughter. But one of the characteristics of the south Wales mining community is a vivid sense of humour." He talks about how Welsh community is still strong, but he is under no illusions that pit closures did lasting damage. "A number of miners have never worked since. Many spent subsequent years trying to find meaningful employment."

His path has been different and remarkable. His search for an alternative after the strike led him to Ruskin College, Oxford, to read history. That must have been a culture shock? "It was terrible," he says, and adds that, on his first essay, an "eminent Oxford historian had written, 'This is a dog's dinner.' There were two ways to go after that, either give up or... " He went on to do a second history degree at Swansea before securing the Bectu job. It was the strike, he says, which gave him the confidence. Besides, giving up is not Dai's style.

Siân James: miner's wife, now Labour MP

The coffee lounge of the Grand hotel, Swansea, is deserted until Siân arrives. Warm, lively, boundlessly intelligent, she talks for Wales - in every sense. She is Labour MP for Swansea East, the first woman to win the seat. She wears a regatta-style blazer, has a boyish haircut and natural presence. She is one of Pride's most powerful stories: a miner's wife who speaks out.

"I'd married at 16. At 20, I had two children and was happy as a housewife and young mother. As long as my lace curtains were the cleanest, my children immaculately dressed, their hand-knitted clothes made with love, I was happy. Then along came the strike and all the things I'd thought about before getting married - such as getting A-levels - returned." She had found her voice in the miners' strike and now people were telling her: you can't stop. "What you have to say is as valid as what other people have to say. Why should my take on the strike be inferior to Ian MacGregor's, Arthur Scargill's or Margaret Thatcher's?"

During the strike, Siân helped feed 1,000 families a week, in nine centres across three Welsh valleys. She remembers the lively arguments about bare necessities: "The women all said sugar was a luxury, all the men said it was a necessity." But it was not until Thatcher's description of mining families as the "enemy within" that something changed inside her. She took it personally. "I was very offended. I couldn't see I was an enemy within. I was just someone trying desperately to save their community. Couldn't anyone else see that?"

She is the daughter of a trade union family; her mother was a shop steward, her father an active member of the NUM. And it was not long before she and feisty Hefina in a tour de force performance became spokeswomen for their community. The real Hefina died during the making of the film. "I adored her," Siân says. "This was a person who had community at the heart of everything she did."

Siân is honest about the community's initial uncertainty about LGSM. They were used to visiting supporters - Belgian journalists, Swiss trade unionists, Americans - but they had no clue what to expect. "I never saw any antagonism. What we thought was that this was a new group of people. We knew gay people existed - my dad worked with a miner who was gay - but nobody openly talked about it; it was considered very personal. There was an uncertainty about how these people would be different and whether we would have to modify our behaviour. Would they expect us to talk about things, ask them questions? And they were bloody vegetarians! This fazed us far more."

After the strike, "for the first time, people were interested in what women had to say". And so Siân took A-levels, did a Welsh degree at Swansea, worked for the students' union, was a fundraiser for Save the Children, became a director of Welsh Women's Aid and was selected as an MP. She is mindful of how much employment has changed since the pit closures. "Every day, somebody in my constituency asks: when is manufacturing coming back to Britain?" She tells them it is a post-industrial society, the landscape changed for ever. "The jobs available in Swansea East are different - a lot are in the service sector. That is not to demean service sector jobs, but some of them are minimum wage with zero-hours contracts and those are challenges for politicians."

Siân was "apprehensive" before watching the film but from "the moment the credits started to roll, we were enthralled, we were bang! back into it..." Jessica Gunning's performance, she enthuses, is phenomenal. "She even caught my mannerisms. I've a habit of standing with my hands linked across my stomach I'd never noticed before." But it is the film's message Siân celebrates above all. "It doesn't matter what colour, sexuality or creed you are, there will always be a common thread." And she exclaims: "We wanted this so much - we have waited 30 years for this story to be told."
Pride opens at cinemas on 12 September

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When miners and gay activists united: the real story of the film Pride

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n September 2010, the writer Stephen Beresford was about to leave a meeting with film producer David Livingstone when he was asked: "Is there any story you are burning to write?" "Well, there is one," he replied, hesitating at the door, "but no one is ever going to make it."

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En el verano de 1984, siendo primera ministra Margaret Thatcher, el Sindicato Nacional de Mineros (NUM) convoca una huelga. Durante la manifestación del Orgullo Gay en Londres, un grupo de lesbianas y gays se dedica a recaudar fondos para ayudar a las familias de los trabajadores, pero el sindicato no acepta el dinero. El grupo decide entonces ponerse en contacto directo con los mineros y van a un pueblecito de Gales. Empieza así la curiosa historia de dos comunidades totalmente diferentes que se unen por una causa común.

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Título original

Pride

Año

2014

Duración

120 min.

País

Reino Unido

Dirección

Guion

Reparto

Música

Fotografía

Compañías

Género

Comedia. Drama | Drama social. Comedia dramática. Basado en hechos reales. Años 80. Homosexualidad

Sinopsis

En el verano de 1984, siendo primera ministra Margaret Thatcher, el Sindicato Nacional de Mineros (NUM) convoca una huelga. Durante la manifestación del Orgullo Gay en Londres, un grupo de lesbianas y gays se dedica a recaudar fondos para ayudar a las familias de los trabajadores, pero el sindicato no acepta el dinero. El grupo decide entonces ponerse en contacto directo con los mineros y van a un pueblecito de Gales. Empieza así la curiosa historia de dos comunidades totalmente diferentes que se unen por una causa común. (FILMAFFINITY)

Posición en rankings FA

Premios

2015: Premios Gaudí: Nominada a Mejor película europea

2014: Globos de Oro: Nominada a Mejor película - Comedia o musical

2014: Premios BAFTA: Mejor debut de un escritor, director o productor británico

2014: British Independent Film Awards (BIFA): 3 premios, incl. Mejor película. 7 nominaciones

2014: Premios David di Donatello: Nominada a mejor film de la Unión Europea

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Últimas películas visitadas

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Pride (Orgullo) es una película dirigida por Matthew Warchus con Ben Schnetzer, Monica Dolan, George MacKay, Bill Nighy .... Año: 2014. Título original: Pride. Sinopsis: En el verano de 1984, siendo primera ministra Margaret Thatcher, el Sindicato Nacional de Mineros (NUM) convoca una huelga.

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Books with LGBTQ+ Protagonists (all free on stuff your kindle day)

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Books with LGBTQ+ Protagonists (all free on stuff your kindle day)

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Friday 30th is stuff your kindle day and there will be tons of free books.

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PLEASE NOTE: Books are being added to this page in the week leading up to June 30, but MANY of these titles will not be free until the 30th, so if you snuck in early, have a peek around, but don't stress if a book you like isn't free yet. It will be on Friday!
Also, if you are new to reading ebooks on your Kindle or Disclosure: Some of the links in this blog are affiliate links. This means that, at zero cost to you, I will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalize a purchase. Kindle app, read this blog post to understand the difference between borrowing a book in Kindle Unlimited ("read for free") and downloading a book for free (to keep!). A lot of the books below are ALSO in Kindle Unlimited, but on June 30, they will all be free to keep! Know the difference and grow your Kindle library on June 30!
Get the books at your preferred ebook retailer, for FREE, no strings attached. This list is for the Amazon store (and some links may re-direct to a geo-specific location, others may link to Amazon.com, that's the author's choice. If you live outside the US and want to learn how to navigate from the US store to your preferred local Amazon store, we have a blog post about that here.)

If you prefer to read ebooks on another platform, we have pages for some of the same free deals at the following retailers as well: Google Play, Apple Books, Barnes & Noble Nook, or Kobo.

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PLEASE NOTE: Books are being added to this page in the week leading up to June 30, but MANY of these titles will not be free until the 30th, so if you snuck in early, have a peek around, but don’t stress if a book you like isn’t free yet. It will be on Friday!

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There's also the french movie "La Vie d'Adele" adapted from the book

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Tengo la suerte de haberme criado en una isla que desde hace mucho apoya al colectivo LGTBIQ+.
Donde se celebró la primera Gala Drag un espectáculo que os recomiendo que miréis.
Este año ha sido el 25 aniversario

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In the early 1980s, the onset of the HIV-AIDS crisis in New York led to an emergence of homosexual activists.

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Cher - Strong Enough (The Farewell Tour)

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Bizarring 91: José Valladares - No decirle mariquita

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WHERE LOVE IS ILLEGAL: Documenting and sharing LGBTI stories of discrimination and survival from around the world. It's worth to read it (https://www.instagram.com/whereloveisillegal/?hl=en)

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WHERE LOVE IS ILLEGAL: Documenting and sharing LGBTI stories of discrimination and survival from around the world. It's worth to read it (https://www.instagram.com/whereloveisillegal/?hl=en)

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https://whereloveisillegal.com/

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Where Love Is Illegal – A Witness Change Project

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Despite gains made in many parts of the world, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people are, in some regions, increasingly persecuted and denied basic human rights. Because bigotry thrives where we are silenced by fear, we’ve created this space for people to share stories of discrimination and survival. Read these stories, share them, and contribute your own. Let the world know that we will not be silent.

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Nunca dejes que influyan los demás / Cree en ti mismo / Debes hacer tus sueños realidad / Y pisar más fuerte / Busca en tu interior, esa luz brillará / Guiará tu destino / Sabes de sobras que eres especial / Tu amor propio, tu talismán

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Nunca dejes que influyan los demás / Cree en ti mismo / Debes hacer tus sueños realidad / Y pisar más fuerte / Busca en tu interior, esa luz brillará / Guiará tu destino / Sabes de sobras que eres especial / Tu amor propio, tu talismán

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Mi nombre es Harvey Milk, película inspirada en la vida del primer político de USA abiertamente gay en los años 70 

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Mi nombre es Harvey Milk, película inspirada en la vida del primer político de USA abiertamente gay en los años 70 

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Rocio Jurado "Yo Soy Pro Gay"  Lo + Plus

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"Hay que follarse a las mentes" - Martín (Hache)

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¿Rocío, qué sería de ti sin los mariquitas?

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¿Rocío, qué sería de ti sin los mariquitas?

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Mercedes Milá a Rocío Jurado (TVE, 1986): "¿Qué sería de ti sin los mariquitas?"

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A parte de reformas/decoración espectaculares también ayudan a quererse a uno mismo como es🌈

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A parte de reformas/decoración espectaculares también ayudan a quererse a uno mismo como es🌈

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la veía a escondidas de madrugada...

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la filmografía de este señor.

GRACIAS PEDRO.

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España, entre los 10 países más seguros para los viajeros de la comunidad LGTBIQ: este es el ranking completo

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España, entre los 10 países más seguros para los viajeros de la comunidad LGTBIQ: este es el ranking completo

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¿Cuáles son los países más respetuosos con el colectivo LGBTQ y cuáles los más homófobos del planeta? Es una pregunta que ronda la cabeza de muchos viajeros homosexuales cuando se plantean adónde ir y evalúan los lugares más seguros y más peligrosos del mundo.

Para averiguar las respuestas, los periodistas Lyric y Asher Fergusson -que dirigen una página web de viajes dedicada a la seguridad- publicaron recientemente un informe titulado "Los 203 peores (y más seguros) países para viajar en 2023 para las personas LGBTQ+", en el que analizan detenidamente el estado de los viajes en todo el mundo.

La lista se basa en 10 factores relacionados con la seguridad de las personas LGBTQ+, como la protección contra la discriminación, la penalización de la violencia, las relaciones ilegales entre personas del mismo sexo y otros. Las fuentes incluyen Human Rights Watch, la Encuesta Mundial Gallup e ILGA (la Asociación Internacional de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales, Trans e Intersexuales), por nombrar algunas. Junto con los datos, el equipo revisó las leyes individuales de todos los países para crear un Índice de seguridad en los viajes LGBTQ+ que reflejara la información más actualizada en un mundo en constante cambio.

Los Fergusson empezaron a hacer un seguimiento de los lugares más seguros y más peligrosos para los viajeros homosexuales en 2019 y desde entonces lo actualizan anualmente. Aunque las cosas han mejorado en algunos lugares, sigue habiendo problemas importantes, especialmente en Estados Unidos.

"Este año se han hecho grandes progresos: varios países legalizaron el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo y despenalizaron las relaciones homosexuales", afirma Asher Fergusson. "Sin embargo, otros como Rusia y Estados Unidos intentan dar pasos atrás, en particular con su enfoque de las leyes de propaganda y la legislación antitrans. En EE.UU., sólo en 2022 se propusieron más de 300 leyes anti-LGBTQ+ y antitrans, lo que me resulta muy revelador".

El país más favorable al colectivo LGBTQ

Canadá encabeza la lista de 2023 como el país más respetuoso con el colectivo LGBTQ del planeta por tercer año consecutivo. En segundo lugar de la lista figura Suecia, seguida de los Países Bajos. "Canadá tiene un gran historial legislativo en materia de derechos LGBTQ+", afirma Fergusson. "Fueron uno de los primeros países en legalizar el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo, tienen protecciones constitucionales contra la discriminación y la mayoría de los canadienses afirman que es un lugar seguro para vivir para gays y lesbianas".

Pero aún queda trabajo por hacer. "Dicho esto, a todos los países, incluido Canadá, les queda un largo camino por recorrer para convertir esas leyes en una realidad sobre el terreno", afirma Fergusson. " Un ejemplo de ello es que Canadá tuvo 0,24 asesinatos de transexuales por millón de habitantes en la última década. Todo lo que supere el 0 es demasiado".

Y la noticia es que estos problemas no sólo ocurren en Canadá: "Casi todos los principales países del mundo para las personas LGBTQ+ tienen documentados asesinatos de personas trans, lo que no es más que un testimonio de lo mucho que nos queda por hacer para mantener la seguridad de nuestras comunidades LGBTQ+", afirma Fergusson.

Seguridad en los viajes LGBTQ: los países peor clasificados

Según el Índice de Seguridad en los Viajes LGBTQ+, Brunéi es el país más peligroso para los viajeros homosexuales en 2023, seguido de Arabia Saudí y Nigeria. En 2019, Brunei aprobó un código penal que castigaba los actos homosexuales con la muerte por lapidación. Nigeria y Arabia Saudí siguen aplicando la pena de muerte como posible castigo por ser LGBTQ+, mientras que los castigos menores pueden incluir latigazos, flagelación o cadena perpetua. Nigeria incluso criminaliza el debate sobre los derechos LGBT y la expresión de género.

"Las personas LGBTQ+ no sólo no tienen derechos, sino que son activamente perseguidas y encarceladas por su identidad sexual y su expresión de género", afirma Fergusson. "En las leyes de estos tres países figura la pena de muerte para los condenados por relaciones homosexuales".

La buena noticia (si es que puede haber alguna buena noticia): " Afortunadamente, sin embargo, estas leyes de pena de muerte rara vez (o nunca) se aplican. Ser cualquier cosa menos heteronormativo es increíblemente peligroso y se castiga con penas de prisión en otros 64 países de la lista", afirma Fergusson.

El cambiante panorama para los viajeros LGBTQ+

La legislación está siempre en constante cambio en todo el mundo, con nuevas leyes y directrices que afectan a las vidas de las personas LGBTQ+ en todas partes, para bien o para mal. "La cruda realidad es que la mayor parte del mundo dista mucho de ser segura para las personas LGBTQ+", afirma Fergusson.

Entonces, ¿hay buenas noticias? "Hay muchas buenas noticias este año, y esperamos ver más a medida que avance 2023", afirma Fergusson.

Algunos de los cambios notables desde que Fergusson empezó a realizar este informe en 2019: 15 nuevos países han legalizado el matrimonio homosexual o han permitido que las parejas del mismo sexo se registren como uniones civiles. Y sólo en los últimos 12 meses, Suiza, Eslovenia y Cuba han legalizado el matrimonio homosexual, mientras que Singapur, San Cristóbal y Nieves, Barbados y Antigua y Barbuda despenalizaron las relaciones entre personas del mismo sexo. Nueva Zelanda está facilitando que las personas trans puedan cambiar su identificación legal de género sin cirugía. Croacia amplió sus derechos de adopción para las parejas del mismo sexo.

Sin embargo, algunos países han dado marcha atrás en ciertos derechos o han creado normativas ambiguas donde antes eran más claras.

Un ejemplo de ello es Indonesia, que aprobó una ley en 2022 que convierte las relaciones sexuales fuera del matrimonio en un delito penal, con penas de prisión. "Esta ley no se dirige directamente a la comunidad LGBTQ+, pero en un país donde el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo no es legal, las relaciones entre personas del mismo sexo se convierten en ilegales de facto", afirma Fergusson.

Otros países están introduciendo cambios muy lentamente y aprobando los matrimonios de forma individual. "Por ejemplo, en Bolivia el matrimonio homosexual no es 'legal', pero un puñado de parejas han podido registrar su matrimonio solicitándolo a los tribunales", dice Fergusson.

Otro reto: mientras que una parte del mundo se está poniendo al día en cuanto a la igualdad de derechos para las parejas de gays y lesbianas, las personas transgénero y no binarias aún tienen el camino más largo por recorrer. "Algunos países permiten el cambio de género legal para las personas trans, pero estos países son minoría", afirma Fergusson. "Otros países permitirán el cambio legal de género sólo si se toman medidas extremas (como la cirugía) y se saltan aros burocráticos. Muchos países tienen legislación pendiente pero están atascados en el limbo y no sacan nada adelante. Esto puede ser especialmente frustrante para las personas que esperan interminablemente incluso los derechos más básicos".

En última instancia, harán falta cambios en la sociedad para crear un verdadero cambio porque -como señala Fergusson- las leyes sólo le llevarán hasta cierto punto. "Puedes instituir todas las leyes que quieras, pero al final del día, si la población local no se vuelve más compasiva y acepta a sus vecinos LGBTQ+, entonces seguiremos teniendo tensiones en la sociedad que conducen a la violencia y a otro tipo de situaciones inseguras", dice Fergusson.

Siga leyendo para conocer los 20 lugares más seguros y los 20 más peligrosos según el Índice de Seguridad en los Viajes LGBTQ+. Consulte toda la clasificación mundial y los consejos de seguridad más importantes aquí.

Los 20 países más seguros para los viajeros LGBTQ

Los 20 países peor clasificados para los viajeros LGBTQ

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España, entre los 10 países más seguros para los viajeros de la comunidad LGTBIQ: este es el ranking completo - Forbes España

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¿Cuáles son los países más respetuosos con el colectivo LGBTQ y cuáles los más homófobos del planeta? Es una pregunta que ronda la cabeza de muchos

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si hacía la comunión tenía que ir a catequesis y no podía ver Sailor Moon y no mi ciela...

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bisexualidad visible

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Serie obligatoria 🌈 visibilidad trans y lgtbi+

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Serie obligatoria 🌈 visibilidad trans y lgtbi+

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y mi mente hizo click! 🌈

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"Once países aún castigan las relaciones homosexuales con la muerte. En uno de cada tres son ilegales" 

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