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Was first found in Asia and Europe

The exact purpose is not yet known but it might have been used in educating early humans in the form of storytelling about their lives. (History of Educational Technology, 2015).

Reference:
History of Educational Technology. (Dec 5,2015). Retrieved March 22, 2017 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT-df_zdnfI

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First school that was opened and was headed by the philosopher Pythagoras wherein the students were educated in an open classroom setting (510 BCE Pythagoras Academy, 2016).

Reference:
510 BCE Pythagoras Academy. (April 5, 2016). EDUCATION. Retrieved March 22,2017 from https://www.coursehero.com/file/p37asejk/510-BC-Pythagoras-Academy-Pythagoras-academy-is-in-its-very-essence-the-very/

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Manuscript is a handwritten document while the transcript is the printed copy.

Both are origin from Latin words which helped shaped the Medieval Ages.

It often includes text and decoration (Wyhe, J.V., 2002).

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It was invented in China and was used in wrapping bronze mirrors.

It was used in spreading literature and literacy.

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Johannes Gutenberg is known for having designed and built the first known mechanized printing press in Europe. In 1455 he used it to print the Gutenberg Bible, which is one of the earliest books in the world to be printed from movable type.

Gutenberg’s printing press was considered a history-changing invention, making books widely accessible and ushering in an “information revolution.”

Reference:
Lehmann-Haupt, H. E. (2018). Johannes Gutenberg | Printing Press, Facts, & Biography. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Gutenberg

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The Hornbook and Printed Books (1450 or earlier)

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The Hornbook and Printed Books (1450 or earlier)

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Hornbooks are a form of children’s primer common in both England and America from the late 16th to the late 18th century. A sheet containing the letters of the alphabet was mounted on a wooden frame and protected with thin, transparent plates of horn. The frame was shaped like a table-tennis paddle, had a handle, and was usually hung at the child’s belt.

Quite commonly, hornbooks taught the alphabet with capital and lower-case letters, followed by vowels and consonants in their combinations. Another common instruction in hornbooks was The Lord’s Prayer and various numbering systems.

Reference:
Maloney, W. A. (2017, September 27). Rare Book of the Month: ABCs Through the Centuries | Library of Congress Blog. Blogs.loc.gov. https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2017/09/rare-book-of-the-month-abcs-through-the-centuries/

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The New-England Primer, first printed in Boston around 1690, became one of the most successful children’s textbooks published in America during the 18th and early 19th centuries.

The contents of this small, pocket-able volume varied slightly from one edition to the next, but typically contained a mix of secular and religious subjects—reading instruction coupled with moral lessons and Christian catechism.

Reference:
The New York Public Library. (n.d.). The New England Primer . Www.nypl.org. Retrieved June 3, 2023, from https://www.nypl.org/events/exhibitions/galleries/childhood/item/4109

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The sandbox is a great tool to teach young children how to write the alphabet. It allows them to trace their strokes and become familiar with how the letters are written. The benefits of sensory writing include the activation of multiple senses and providing an experience that would help in improving their learning retention. For tactile stimulation, children become more engaged as they touch and feel different textures through their fingertips; visual simulation could be observed as they watch their fingers create letters and words from the sand; and auditory simulation when they trace around the sand.

Betty. (2020, October 3). How to Set Up Sensory Writing Trays with Salt or Sand (Trilingual). Chalk Academy. https://chalkacademy.com/montessori-salt-writing-tray/

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The school slate and Chalkboard are more familiar educational technologies as it continues to be used in the classrooms today. Dr. Purje of Central Queensland University in Australia argues that the use of these more traditional tools has its own benefits. In comparison to whiteboard markers, even the way of holding a chalk helps in developing highly skilled and efficient handwriting action. Furthermore, it does not dry out and made of plastic, making it more sustainable.

Purje, R. (2020, December 1). Chalk, talk, teach, write, read, achieve, repeat: part 1. Education Review. https://www.educationreview.com.au/2020/12/chalk-talk-teach-write-read-achieve-repeat-part-1/

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Magic Lantern served as an inspiration for technologies that we use in the modern classrooms of today. It started as a form of entertainment, but eventually became a means for art appreciation as photography became more popular at the time. Magic Lantern's modern counterparts are PowerPoint presentations and projectors, except it used actual glass slides. As the light emitted by candles was not enough in producing accurate color and desired clarity in projecting the images, light production was also developed and finally secured its place in lectures.

Hughes, W. C. (n.d.). Magic Lantern. Kimon.hosting.nyu.edu. Retrieved June 4, 2023, from https://kimon.hosting.nyu.edu/physical-electrical-digital/items/show/985

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- The pencil was introduced to the classroom in 1900.
- It replaced the need for being depedent on only chalkboards.
- The first pencil was made up of a piece of graphite in between two pieces of wood.

Sutori. (n.d.). https://www.sutori.com/en/story/educational-technology-through-the-years--8om1eLgfS5rVceffJ4RFqSxK

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- Stereoscopes were being released om the market and provided a way to view images in 3D.

- Classrooms which were equipped with stereoscopes were used to view three dimensional images that emphasized points being made by the teacher during a particular lesson.

History of education technology. The Institute of Progressive Education and Learning. (n.d.). http://institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/elearning-part-ii/history-of-education-technology/
Sutori. (n.d.-a). https://www.sutori.com/en/story/development-of-educational-technology-from-then-to-now--WxdTcDnhnA2bUw9FCUDyxyxs

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Film Strip Projector and Film Strip Viewer – In 1902 

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Film Strip Projector and Film Strip Viewer – In 1902 

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- In 1902, Charles Urban of London began exhibiting the first educational films.
-  This device enabled teachers to pause the videos and provide detailed explanations about the content being shown. It became a prevalent tool in numerous classrooms for an extended period
- In 1910, enthusiasm for educational films led Rochester New York’s Board of Education to adopt education films for instructional use.

History of education technology. The Institute of Progressive Education and Learning. (n.d.). http://institute-of-progressive-education-and-learning.org/elearning-part-ii/history-of-education-technology/
Sutori. (n.d.-a). https://www.sutori.com/en/story/development-of-educational-technology-from-then-to-now--WxdTcDnhnA2bUw9FCUDyxyxs

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Before 1920s, the radio had already been invented and developed by various individuals and companies. Radio is a scientific device that functions as an effective auditory instrument for communication.  In education, it was first used in the early 1920s through radio broadcasting with the historic broadcast of KDKA of Pittsburgh's Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company

Uses:

to serve as a mass medium for entertainment, information dissemination, and cultural exchange

to serve as a distance learning platform, providing educational content to students who are unable to attend traditional schools

to complement traditional classroom instruction by offering additional learning opportunities

to deliver public service messages

References:
University Of Virginia (n.d.). Radio in the 1920s. https://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug00/3on1/radioshow/1920radio.htm
Desiree (2022, November 1). Role Of Radio In Enhancing Education. 89.3 WUMD. https://www.893wumd.org/role-of-radio-in-enhancing-education/#:~:text=Encourage%20student's%20participation%20in%20various,development%20of%20lessons%2C%20and%20more.

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The overhead projector was widely used in educational settings because it was an inexpensive interactive tool. Learning materials were already printed on transparent sheets that could be scribbled on using dry-erase markers. These sheets could be reused and were simple to clean.

Uses:

to display visual materials to a larger audience

to demonstrate processes or step-by-step procedures

enables educators to write or project notes directly onto a screen or whiteboard, making it easier for students to copy down the information

References

Finch, A. (n.d.). Using the OHP. British Council. https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/using-ohp#:~:text=The%20OHP%20also%20allows%20the,group%20or%20whole%20class%20activities.
Sutori (n.d.). The History of Educational Technology. https://www.sutori.com/en/item/untitled-975f-c1bd

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The first television was sold commercially in 1929 although it is in its early stages of development. Various inventors and organizations laid the groundwork for the technology that would transform entertainment and communication in the years to come.

In 1950s, TVs became increasingly popular. First TV remote was introduced to consumers with the development of more TV shows and technological innovations.  In addition, the year 1953 saw the broadcast of the first color television system.

Uses:

to reinforce and expand on content being taught

to respond to a variety of learning styles

to increase student motivation to learn

to stimulate other learning activities.

References:
Silvia, P. (2021, September 29). Through the Decades: The Evolution of Television Sets. Nawara Brothers Home Store.https://www.nawarabros.com/blog/evolution-of-television-sets
Wood, M. (2003, January 1). Using television to educate, stimulate and disseminate. Curriculum & Leadership Journal. http://www.curriculum.edu.au/leader/using_television_to_educate,_stimulate_and_dissemi,4649.html?issueID=9691

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Computers were first used in education in the 1950s in a way that was intended to individualize instruction.
Computer use in education was first introduced in the 1950s to train MIT pilots in flight simulators.
This method became known as computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
Uses

to teach elementary students binary arithmetic.

to reserve time for calculations and computer-assisted instruction.

to keep track of their performance data and mastery of specific learning objectives.

However, these versions of computer systems took up a lot of space and were overly expensive. They were also expensive to maintain and control by universities and other industries.

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Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web in 1991 as a platform for knowledge sharing. The ability to view all documents on-screen without downloading thanks to the hyper-text format makes the internet simpler to use.

Uses

Easy sharing of knowledge

Effective teaching and learning tool

Increases interactions between teachers and students

Aids pupils in their learning process

Provides access to a multitude of information, knowledge, and educational resources

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Smartphone use is gradually evolving into a powerful educational tool that is utilized to improve learning and teaching.
Uses

Ensures flexible course delivery

Access online learning platforms  and course resources

Interact digitally