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IUCN. (2021). Panthera tigris sondaica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15966/50659951

Linkie, M., & Ridout, M. S. (2011). Assessing tiger–prey interactions in Sumatran rainforests. Journal of Zoology, 284(3), 224-229. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00801.x

Sunarto, S., Kelly, M. J., Parakkasi, K., & Hutajulu, M. B. (2015). Sumatran tiger survival threatened by deforestation despite increasing densities in parks. Nature Communications, 6, 6836. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7836

Wibisono, H. T., & Pusparini, W. (2010). Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): A review of conservation status. Integrative Zoology, 5(4), 313-323. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00219.x

World Wildlife Fund. "Sunda Tiger." World Wildlife Fund, 2021, https://www.worldwildlife.org/species/sunda-tiger. Accessed 3 May 2023.

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-Deforestation due to logging, agriculture, and palm oil plantations
-Poaching for tiger bones, skin, and other body parts for traditional medicine and luxury goods
-Human-tiger conflict as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation

Solution:
Implement a multi-pronged approach, including habitat restoration, anti-poaching measures, and community-based conservation initiatives that promote coexistence between humans and tigers.

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Sunda Tiger (predator) - Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus, prey)
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Sunda Tiger and Sumatran Leopard compete for prey species, such as Malayan Tapir and Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor).

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Biotic:
-Sunda Tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)
-Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii)
-Rafflesia arnoldii (a parasitic flowering plant)

Abiotic:
-High humidity
-Frequent rainfall
-Limited sunlight penetration through dense canopy

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Tropical Rainforests:
-High annual rainfall (2,000-3,000 mm)
-Warm and stable year-round temperatures (20-30°C)
-Rich biodiversity, including a high number of endemic species
-Dense canopy cover and multiple layers of vegetation
-Nutrient-poor soil due to rapid decomposition

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IUCN Red List Status: Critically Endangered

Threats: Deforestation, habitat fragmentation, poaching, and human-tiger conflict

Hypothesis:
If the Sunda Tiger goes extinct, the local ecosystem will suffer from the loss of a key predator, leading to overpopulation of prey species, increased competition for resources, and a subsequent decline in overall biodiversity.

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The Sunda Tiger, also known as the Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica), is a critically endangered species found in the tropical rainforests of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Human impact on the Sumatran rainforests, such as deforestation and poaching, has greatly affected the Sunda Tiger's population and the overall biodiversity of the region. This project explores the threats to the Sunda Tiger, the consequences of its potential extinction, and proposes a solution to address the issue.