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The cost of living crisis refers to a period of time which the costs of everyday essentials e.g. bills and food increases more than average. In October 2022 prices of consumer goods and services rose by 9.6% which was the fastest rate in four decades. The cost of living occurs when the cost of the prices and the wages stay the same.

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A social change in travel and tourism is that the grey market which is the older generation living longer because they are living longer and feeling healthy and they still go on holiday now. The grey market have more disposable income because they don't have to pay of there mortgage they might have some retirement money to spend on there holiday the older generation can have a holiday in off peak season and that means that the holidays are cheaper because of they can go on off peak holidays it will be cheaper because they don't have any young children to book a holiday in the school holiday season. some tour operator only specialise in holidays for over 50s as they are the more important customers because they can go anytime of the year so they book more holidays a year.

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The millennials have changed the travel industry because of the social media that they might be on and the influencers they follow they get influenced by the holidays they are going on and go on those holidays them self. Also starting families later on in life which means they will have more disposable income to spend in holiday and if they live at home of longer they will also have disposable income as well because they don't pay no rent. also if they stay in education longer and move up the social ladder in life they will have more money to spend on holidays later on in life so it will be better of those travel agents will get more income

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Solo travel has been growing for some years it makes up 18% of global bookings solo travel is becoming ever more popular and has by 7% in the last year alone. Loads of solo travellers said they would do it again. hotelscan.com noticed 170% increase in the last 12 months for those looking to book a room themselves with popular destinations destinations including Thailand Peru Sydney Portugal and Vietnam. Norwegian cruises adapted to this trend by launching studio rooms especially designed for single travellers they have started to adapted to this trend so the solo travellers can go on theses cruises to.

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In 2016 the UK voted to leave the Europeans Union. from 2022 British visitors will need to register online and pay. Now you can stay for no longer then 90 days. This also effects travel and tourism holiday reps because they cant stay on that job for longer then 90 days without a visa. When we go aboard at the airport they stap your passport because we are no longer in the EU and the queues are longer. the holidays are more expensive because we are no longer in the EU and if you use your data in another country it adds on to your phone bill either 3 pounds or 6 pounds depending on the country.

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Loads of travel companies lost out in money in 2020 because they had to close tui lost 2.7 billion pounds and they also gave the customers the option to get a tui voucher for a different holiday at a later date so they kept the money for the company. In July and August 2020 91% of holidays were changed or cancelled due to the pandemic. British airways cut loads of 1200 jobs due to collapse in business because of the pandemic. loads of countries had to impose quarantines which affected most of the countries and some of them had entry bans.

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This is a platform that is used on tui cruises it allows customers to find out everything about that cruise it also helps the customer to find out everything and to book any food they want on the cruise, it also allows customers to book any excursions they want to go on. This is good but also not because of the older people going on that cruise might not have good enough access and they aren't as confident as using technology as younger people might be.

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83% of customer are now booking their travel arrangements online a year and only 17% of customers go in the shops now. Rhe way it makes it easier is we all have access to the internet and phones to book on now, also they can become the tour guides for peoples holidays and fined them things to do in the destination they are staying at . According to TripAdvisor 45% of users use their phone for everything to do with their holidays. You can use your phone for booking a holiday by clicking some buttons, also because of covid and before covid you can book your food and drinks at the restaurants one place you can do this is miler and carter. Travel agents have now go paperless so you don't need to go in store to book a holiday anymore. Hilton hotels have brought out an app that you can now see a virtual room tour to see if room fits their needs and it more helpful because they wont get complaints as much it is more popular to business travellers because they need space for a desk in their but also enough room for them in general.

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Wi-Fi is available on the aircraft depending on the airline like British airways offers Wi-Fi for a small fee but there are a handful of airlines have free Wi-Fi onboard, like Emirates and Turkish airlines. this is important is an important to their customers. on a long haul customers are more likely to book with an airline that has Wi-Fi then one that doesn't have any Wi-Fi on board.

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1. Package holiday demand dips as UK cost of living crisis hits budgets | Travel & leisure | The Guardian

2. Cost of living ‘to impact almost half of people’s holiday plans’ | Travel Weekly

3. Cost of living latest insights - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

4. How Has the Pandemic Impacted Inflation - Nationwide Financial

5. Ukraine conflict threatens Europe’s recovery and mass poverty (eib.org)

6. Tourism and Technology: How Tech is Revolutionizing Travel (wearemarketing.com)

7. How Technology is Changing the Travel and Tourism Industry - GeeklessTech