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New England passed the first law in 1642 that started to move education from the responsibility of the church to the responsibility of the state. The law was rarely enforced. In 1647, another law was established to require states to pay for teachers to teach all kids to read and write.

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Universal education was agreed upon by the leaders of the United States after the American Revolution. The separation of church and state was established by law. Schools moved toward public education that were not religion based. Puritans thought that if students were education, they would not be trapped by the devil.

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The first state board of education was established, and Horace Mann was the first secretary of education. He was considered the father of American education. He unified schools under one state school system to improve educational opportunities for all students, regardless of race, social class and gender. He wrote 12 Annual Reports and was a big proponent of education for women.

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The Cardinal Principles Report off 1918 expanded and differentiated high school programs to better serve high school students because following traditional academic study courses increased inequality. A more comprehensive approach that included liberal arts, vocational development, citizenship, physical education, and personal needs was established. This brought about guidance and counseling programs and academic testing to help decide which courses students should take.

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Frederick Taylor was the first efficiency expert. He provided the assembly line model to help increase productivity and lower costs for businesses and factories. Scientific management was used to increase institutional competence and to ensure quality, standardized outcomes for schools. This gave administrators objective and numerical ways to show student achievement.

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The Brown v. Board of Education case was a landmark case in Kansas where the Board of Education was sued to allow black children to enroll in public schools that were for white children only. Segregated schools were not equal and could not be made equal. Schools were desegregated to ensure equal education and opportunities for black students.

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The No Child Left Behind Act was signed by President George W. Bush to hold schools accountable for improving inequality among student achievement, especially students with a minority background. Data was required to be separated so that information for underserved populations were easily recognized. Schools could be compared to other schools in the same state easily by following standards, and they could also be compared across states by using the National Assessment of Education Progress.

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The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act in 2015. This acts gives states more say so in education reform. States can choose their own goals in three required areas, state tests, English language and graduation rates, and one area of their choosing. Schools must also issue report cards that make it easier to compare school data.