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The idea of human rights - rights that every human being acquires simply by being born into this world - developed later and took quite a long time to become accepted. Magna Carta - the agreement made by King John and a group of barons in England in 1215 - is often celebrated as an early affirmation of human rights. The circumstances in which the document was created have little to do with human rights as we understand them today. The barons were angry for the heavy taxes imposed on them in order to pay for King John's expensive foreign wars, and when he refused to consider their complaints they rebelled and took control of London.

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in the 1945 the United Nations Organization (UNO) was created on three pillars: international peace and security, human rights and development

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The concept that the law is equal for all is fundamental in a rule of law and represents one of the fundamental principles of justice. This principle is often expressed with the Latin phrase "lex dura, sed lex", meaning "the law is harsh, but it is the law".

The principle of equality before the law emphasizes that all people, regardless of their social, economic or political status, are subject to the same legal rules. No one is above the law, and everyone is equally responsible for adhering to the legal norms established by society.

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The king was then forced to grant the barons' demands and issued a statement, later called 'Magna Carta', or The Great Charter. Even as a practical solution to a political crisis Magna Carta wasn't very successful,because the king did not keep his promises and soon he and the barons were fighting each other again. When, in the following decades, the document was revived by John's successors, many of its clauses were changed or deleted. Many of Magna Carta's 63 clauses address specific complaints made by the barons.

In the most famous clause, number 39, the king promises not to imprison any free man without a fair trial.

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This implies that laws must be applied impartially and without discrimination. Equality before the law aims to ensure that no individual or group of individuals receives preferential or discriminatory treatment by the legal system. This principle is fundamental to guarantee justice and the protection of the fundamental rights of every individual.

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Sustainable Development Goal 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions - encourages Member States of the United Nations to generate changes in national policies' that contribute to progress on other SDGs.

The rule of law is an important component of sustaining peace. Sustaining peace requires an integrated approach across the UN system, combining STOP RACISM politics, security, development, human rights and gender equality.

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This is the origin of habeas corpus, a key principle in the Anglo-American legal system, stating that a person cannot be kept in prison unless they have first been brought before a judge to decide if they are guilty. Although the principle became law in England only four centuries later, it inspired the modern declarations of human rights, like the Bill of Rights , passed by the British Parliament in 1689. Magna Carta continued to inspire new legislation even in the 20th century. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948, was described by some as a modern Magna Carta for all mankind. The European Convention on Human Rights, signed in 1950 by all member states of the Council of Europe, follows the same principles as the UDHR. Magna Carta's clause 39 is echoed in article 5, declaring the universal right to 'liberty and security of person' and that 'No one shall be deprived of his liberty' except in cases and according with procedures prescribed by the law.

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One of the most significant aspects of the 2030 Agenda is its integrated approach, recognizing that issues such as poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, peace and justice are interconnected. This interconnectedness requires unprecedented global collaboration and an awareness of our interdependence as nations and communities. Another central element is the focus on social justice, gender equality and human rights. The 2030 Agenda highlights the importance of involving everyone, leaving no one behind. This means focusing on the most vulnerable and marginalized people, tackling existing inequalities and working towards a world where every individual has access to the same opportunities.