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Causes for Revolution in Thought: influence of authority 

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Causes for Revolution in Thought: influence of authority 

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In China during the Song dynasty, many scientific innovations were made. A great example is air-tight compartments and rudders beyond the ship's stern, also navigated with a south-pointing compass. (“Song Dynasty”). Also, the magnetic compass was invented during the Song Dynasty in the 1100s. (Comparative Timelines).

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Evidence of Revolutions in Thought: scientific innovations

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Evidence of Revolutions in Thought: scientific innovations

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In the Islamic World, the revolution in thought ended after the invasion of the Crusaders and Mongols. The scientific revolution had a downfall because Mongols were builders, not thinkers,'' You cannot expect the science to be excellent while the society is not''(Overbye).

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought: support of authority 

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Sustaining Revolutions in Thought: support of authority 

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In the Islamic World, authority played a big role in the revolution in thought. For example, The Quran was an important influence on scientific discoveries because it claimed to seek knowledge and read nature for signs of the Creator (Overbye), which encouraged the people to expand their territories and improve their knowledge and innovations. A great example is a requirement that Muslims face in the direction of Mecca when they pray requiring knowledge of the size and shape of the Earth. (Overbye)

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A successful revolution in thought is caused by the influence of authority, is sustained by the support of authority, and is evidenced by innovations in science.

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In China, the ruler had a big impact on the revolution in thought. For example, Emperor Taizu started the Song Dynasty. Through the time of his rule, he was able to unite China. Also during his time, there was a lot of development in economics, technology, education, and arts. The main achievement of Emperor Taizu was the creation of a strong and loyal army. (“Song Dynasty”)

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In Europe, the church had a big impact on the revolution in thought, instead of supporting new ideas, the popes banned them because usually, dipper thoughts were either Bible impropriate or caused popes a fear of the loss of power. But during the Reformation, the authority was questioned and during the Renaissance, the scientists started to seek knowledge, which led the scientific revolution to develop on a new level. (Nearpod Slides)

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In China the revolution in thought could end because of the Manchurian people and Mongols. But it was sustained due to the great rulers -authority-. Emperor Taizu is a great example. Thanks to him China had a professional army. Also, the Song Dynasty was a time of economic development, particularly in manufacturing and commerce (“Song Dynasty”).

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In Europe, there was no end to the revolution in thought because Europe wasn’t destroyed by Mongols, but the revolution of thought was moving slowly due to the church, which prohibited new ideas and innovations, because most of the time, new ideas weren’t Bible appropriate. However, the revolution in thought was able to be sustained during Resonance and Reformation. During these periods authority was questioned and new ideas and innovations were coming. (Nearpod Slides)

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 "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican"

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 "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican"

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In Europe during the scientific revolution, many discoveries were made. One of the greatest discoveries was made by Galileo. With his telescope, Galileo discovered many new things: that the Moon was not smooth, but had many craters and mountains; that Jupiter had four moons, thus disproving the theory that only Earth was orbited by a natural satellite; and that the phases of Venus could not be explained correctly within the traditional Earth-centered model of the universe. Galileo published these findings in 1610 in his work Sidereus Nuncius (The Sidereal Messenger)

Saggiatore (The Assayer), in which he defended Copernicus and presented his arguments on the need for free scientific exploration

In  "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican" he proved that Copernicus' Geocentric theory is right and Ptolemus' Heliocentric theory is wrong. (“Galileo”)

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The Islamic world has a big influence on nowadays modern universities, algebra, astronomy, medicine, and more. For example, Ibn Sina wrote a million-word medical encyclopedia, the Canons of Medicine, that was used as a textbook in parts of the West until the 17th century. Also, Al-Tusi found a way to restore most of the symmetry to Ptolemy's model by adding pairs of cleverly designed epicycles to each orbit. Following in al-Tusi's footsteps, the 14th-century astronomer Ala al-Din Abul-Hasan ibn al-Shatir managed to go further and construct a completely symmetrical model. (Overbye) In 800, the Astrolabe was highly developed and used in the Islamic World by this point; used to help them figure out their location in Mecca (Comparative Timeline)

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China: Chinese authority had a positive influence on the revolution in thought and it supported it. It is evidenced by scientific innovations.

Islamic World: The Islamic world's authority had a positive influence on revolution in thought, which is evident by scientific innovations. But as Muslims lost to Mongols and Crusaders, the scientific revolution stopped, because the authority didn't support it anymore.

Europe: The European authority had a negative influence on the revolution in thought because it didn't support new ideas, which slowed down the revolution. But over time many discoveries were made, which is evidenced by scientific innovations.