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a plot is the sequence of events that make up a story

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The exposition of a story is the first paragraph or paragraphs in which the characters, setting (time and place), and basic information is introduced

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Rising action is the section of a story that leads toward its climax.

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Climax is the highest point of tension or drama in a narratives’ plot

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Falling action is a literary term that refers to the elements of plot after a story’s climax and before the resolution.

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The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the climax. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the conflict is resolved.

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setting, in literature, the location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.

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Protagonists and antagonists are both essential characters in a story, but they propel the plot in different and usually opposite ways. The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals.

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Traditionally, conflict is a major literary element of narrative or dramatic structure that creates challenges in a story by adding uncertainty as to whether the goal will be achieved. In works of narrative, conflict is the challenge main characters need to solve to achieve their goals

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Internal conflict is when a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs. It happens within them, and it drives their development as a character.

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External conflict sets a character against something or someone beyond their control. External forces stand in the way of a character's motivations and create tension as the character tries to reach their goals.

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In literature, a character vs. character conflict, also known as man vs. man conflict, involves two characters struggling against each other. The conflict can manifest in different ways, from a physical altercation to irreconcilable differences in morals or beliefs.

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society in literature? Man vs. society is a type of conflict that is commonly used in fiction. The man vs. society conflict denotes a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community

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Man against nature conflict is an external struggle positioning the character against an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.

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Man vs. technology is a type of literary conflict in which a character faces technology (such as a robot, a machine, or a mechanical failure) and must prevail against it

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In contemporary literary studies, a theme is a central topic, subject, or message within a narrative. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being what the work says about the subject.

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diction, choice of words, especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. Any of the four generally accepted levels of diction—formal, informal, colloquial, or slang—may be correct in a particular context but incorrect in another or when mixed unintentionally.

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What Is Syntax? The word “syntax” comes from the Ancient Greek for “coordination” or “ordering together.” In spoken and written language, syntax refers to the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence. Along with diction, it is one of the key ways writers convey meaning in a text.

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One word can have a both a “denotation” and a “connotation”. These are called “figures of speech”. DENOTATION: The direct definition of the word that you find in the dictionary. CONNOTATION: The emotional suggestions of a word, that is not literal.

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DENOTATIONS & CONNOTATIONS | English Lesson

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Tone is more than an author's attitude toward his/her audience and characters; it is the stylistic means by which an author conveys his/her attitude(s) in a work of literature.

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In literature, mood is the atmosphere of the narrative. Mood is created by means of setting, attitude, and descriptions. Though atmosphere and setting are connected, they may be considered separately to a degree. Atmosphere is the aura of mood that surrounds the story.

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What Is a Flashback in Literature? In fiction, a flashback is a scene that takes place before a story begins. Flashbacks interrupt the chronological order of the main narrative to take a reader back in time to the past events in a character's life.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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In grammar, parallelism, also known as parallel structure or parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism affects readability and may make texts easier to process

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Parallelism: The secret to great writing

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point of view, in literature, the vantage point from which a story is presented.

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First person vs. Second person vs. Third person - Rebekah Bergman

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In first-person narration, the narrator is a person in the story, telling the story from their own point of view. The narration usually utilizes the pronoun I (or we, if the narrator is speaking as part of a group).

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Second-person narration is a little-used technique of narrative in which the action is driven by a character ascribed to the reader, one known as you. The reader is immersed into the narrative as a character involved in the story. The narrator describes what "you" do and lets you into your own thoughts and background.

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Third-person objective point of view has a neutral narrator that is not privy to characters' thoughts or feelings. The narrator presents the story with an observational tone. Ernest Hemingway employs this narrative voice in his short story Hills Like White Elephants.

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Third person limited point of view, on the other hand, is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows only the thoughts and feelings of a single character, while other characters are presented only externally.

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THIRD-PERSON OMNISCIENT NARRATION: This is a common form of third-person narration in which the teller of the tale, who often appears to speak with the voice of the author himself, assumes an omniscient (all-knowing) perspective on the story being told: diving into private thoughts, narrating secret or hidden events

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A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things using the words “like” or “as.” The word comes from the Latin “similis” meaning “similar, like.” They are often used in literature such as poetry or novels, but it is also a device used in film by screenwriters.

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A metaphor is a literary device that figuratively compares and equates two things that are not alike. An extended metaphor is a version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.

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What Is Personification in Writing? Personification is a literary device that uses the non-literal use of language to convey concepts in a relatable way. Writers use personification to give human characteristics, such as emotions and behaviors, to non-human things, animals, and ideas.

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Hyperbole is a rhetorical and literary technique where an author or speaker intentionally uses exaggeration and overstatement for emphasis and effect.

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Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols, be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning. The concept of symbolism is not confined to works of literature: symbols inhabit every corner of our daily life.

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As this origin suggests, oxymoron is itself an oxymoron; it is a rhetorical term that describes words or phrases that, when placed together, create paradoxes or contradictions. These contradictions seem foolish but, when we think about them a bit, often turn out to be sharp observations about our world.

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English with Alex · engVid English Classes

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What is an oxymoron? Definition and 20 funny examples!

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Euphemism refers to figurative language designed to replace phrasing that would otherwise be considered harsh, impolite, or unpleasant. This literary device allows for someone to say what they mean indirectly, without using literal language, as a way of softening the impact of what is being said.

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allusion, in literature, an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text. Most allusions are based on the assumption that there is a body of knowledge that is shared by the author and the reader and that therefore the reader will understand the author's referent.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is an Allusion?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Alliteration is a literary device where two or more words in a phrase or line of poetry share the same beginning consonant sound. The words may be adjacent or separated by one or more words.

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Alliteration | Award Winning Alliteration Teaching Video | What is Alliteration?

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A cliché (klee-SHAY) is a scenario or expression that is used excessively, to the point that it is considered unoriginal. A cliché can refer to any aspect of a literary narrative—a specific phrase, scenario, genre, or character. The term has a negative connotation, as clichés are often associated with lazy writing.

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An idiom is a widely used saying or expression that contains a figurative meaning that is different from the phrase's literal meaning. For example, if you say you're feeling “under the weather,” you don't literally mean that you're standing underneath the rain.

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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A pun is a literary device that is also known as a “play on words.” Puns involve words with similar or identical sounds but with different meanings. Their play on words also relies on a word or phrase having more than one meaning. Puns are generally intended to be humorous, but they often have a serious purpose as well in literary works.

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Assonance is a resemblance in the sounds of words/syllables either between their vowels or between their consonants. However, assonance between consonants is generally called consonance in American usage.

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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Characterization is a name for the methods a writer uses to reveal a character's values, feelings, goals, etc. to readers. When revealing a character's traits, a writer can do so using direct characterization or indirect characterization.

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Verbal irony is a figure of speech. The speaker intends to be understood as meaning something that contrasts with the literal or usual meaning of what he says.

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Situational irony is the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected. Some everyday examples of situational irony are a fire station burning down, or someone posting on Twitter that social media is a waste of time.

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dramatic irony, a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters.