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a plot is a sequence of events that make up a story

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the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story

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a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest.

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the point of highest dramatic tension or a major turning point in the action

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the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax.

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the end of the story

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the time and place in which a story is told

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The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals

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the primary problem that the characters in a story face

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choice of words, especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.

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the set of rules that determines the arrangement of words in a sentence.

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Connotation: the use of a word to suggest a different association than its literal meaning
Denotation: the objective meaning of a word

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Denotation and connotation literary devices, explained with examples.

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an individual way of speaking or writing especially when used to express an emotion

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a feeling that can refer to the emotional state of mind of a person/character or the atmosphere of a story

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to focus one's mind on or vividly remember a past time or incident

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Flashback?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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When a character struggles with their own opposing desires or beliefs.

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Conflict between the main character and any external force
- Man vs Man: two characters struggling against each other
-Man vs Society: a story in which an individual (or a small group of individuals) chooses to or is forced to fight against their society or community
-Man vs Nature: when a character faces resistance from a natural force
-Man vs Technology: when a protagonist is facing machines or technology (such as mechanical failure or robots) and must prevail against it.

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a subject or topic of discourse or of artistic representation

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an indication of what is to come

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the repetition of grammatical elements in a piece of writing to create a harmonious effect

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What Is Parallelism?": Oregon State Guide to Grammar

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refers to who is telling or narrating a story

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First person is the I/we perspective

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Second person is the you perspective

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the narrator reports the events that take place without knowing the motivations or thoughts of any of the characters

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Focusing a third-person narration through the eyes of a single character

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writing from the perspective of a narrator, hovering outside the story

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the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite of what is actually said

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What is Irony? Definition and Its Types with Examples.

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when speakers say the opposite of what they mean and it is often sarcastic in nature

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the irony of something happening that is very different to what was expected

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a literary device by which the audience's or reader's understanding of events or individuals in a work surpasses that of its characters

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the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character

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consists of the author telling the audience what a character is like

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the process of describing a character through that character's thoughts, actions, speech, and dialogue

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a type of character who experiences little to no internal change over the course of the story

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one who learns a lesson or changes as a person

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a character with little to no complex emotions, motivations, or personality

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deep and layered character in a story

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The skillful use of words to persuade or influence others

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involves your credibility as a speaker

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a quality or form of argument in a work or portion of a text that makes the reader experience emotions

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a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic

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Direct comparison of two UNLIKE things "like" or "as".

Ex: McBride fell 12 stories, hitting the pavement like a Hefty bag filled with vegetable soup.

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A direct comparison between two unlike things WITHOUT using "like" or "as".
Extended Metaphor: A version of metaphor that extends over the course of multiple lines, paragraphs, or stanzas of prose or poetry.
Ex: She's the giggle at a funeral.

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Giving a non-human thing human characteristics.

Ex: The leaves danced in the wind.

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EXTREME exaggeration.

Ex: The skin on her face was as thin and drawn as tight as the skin of onion and her eyes were gray and sharp like the points of two picks.

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A literary device that uses symbols, by the words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.
Ex: The bald eagle symbolizes freedom.

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A combination of contradictory or incongruous words.
Ex: living dead

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Oxymoron - Figure of Speech | Definition with Examples

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The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.
Ex: “Passed away” instead of “died”

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An implied or indirect reference especially in literature.
Ex: She felt like she had a golden ticket.

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Relatively close juxtaposition of similar sounds especially of vowels.
Ex: Go slow over the road.

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The repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables.
Ex: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

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Poetic Devices: Alliteration - Examples & Meaning

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A trite phrase or expression.
Ex:  “as red as a rose”

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An expression in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements.
Ex: I'm going to call it a night.

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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A joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings.
Ex:

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech