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Comparison chart

How to choose

When choosing between a cat or a dog, you should consider how much time you can dedicate to the pet (dogs require more time than cats, and don't like to be left home alone), how much you can afford to spend (dogs are more expensive than cats), and what temperament of pet you would before (dogs are more needy and affectionate than independent cats).

When choosing a cat, consider whether you want to get a purebred cat from a breeder, or rescue a cat from an animal shelter. If you are not getting a kitten, consider whether you want an indoor or an outdoor cat and choose accordingly, as certain cats will be trained for different situations. Different breeds have different temperaments, but they vary less than dogs. For example, Siamese cats are intelligent and playful, but can be very noisy, while long-haired cats are laid back and short haired cats are usually affectionate and even-tempered. Individual cats also have different personalities, so interact with them before taking them home. Consider the hair length you can handle, as longer fur, such as the fur of a Maine Coon, Persian or Ragdoll, will require daily brushing.

When choosing a dog, consider its size. Larger dogs, such as a German Shepherd or a Labrador, need more space and cost more to feed and care for. Some breeds, such as Labradors, Corgis and Spaniels, are also easier to train than others, and have more friendly temperaments. Take into account the length of the dog's fur, as those with longer coats will need more regular grooming. Although purebreds are popular, they can suffer from greater temperament and health problems. Mixed breed dogs usually have fewer health problems and can be adopted more cheaply from shelters.

Care

Equipment

Cats require a food and water bowl, a litter box, a few toys and scratching posts, and a brush for grooming.

Dogs require a food and water bowl, a leash and collar, a dog bed, toys and chews and treats.

Feeding

The amount a cat needs to eat varies depending on its size, but cats require less food than most all dogs. Cat food comes in dry or canned wet form. Adult cats require between 250 and 300 calories per day.

The amount a dog eats depends on its size. Commercial dog food comes in both dry and wet forms, and most dogs need between 25 and 30 calories per pound per day.

Grooming

Cats do not need bathing, but they should be brushed regularly if they have long hair.

Dogs -especially those with long hair - need grooming and bathing frequently.

Both cats and dogs can get infected with ticks, lice, fleas and other pests. When this happens, disinfectants like Frontline or Advantix are required to rid the pets of the infection. Some of these chemicals contain harmful pesticides. Care must also be taken to ensure Advantix is used only on dogs because it is very dangerous for cats.

Health

The average life expectancy of cats is around 12 to 14 years, but they can live into their 20s or even their 30s. Medical costs for cats are around $160 per year.

The life expectancy of dogs - usually 7 to 14 years - varies depending on the breed, with larger breeds tending to have shorter lives, akin to the lifespan of wolves. The oldest dog was 29 years old. Medical costs for dogs vary depending on size and existing health conditions but will usually be at least $200 for dental cleanings and vaccines.

House Training

Cats usually already know how to use a litterbox or can easily be trained to use their litterbox. This requires cleaning once a day.

Dogs need to be trained, socialized and housebroken. Training usually takes around 2 months.

Protection

Dogs can function as watchdogs or guard dogs, protecting their owner and the house.

Space

Cats can live in smaller areas, while dogs generally need more space to run around. Cats can be kept indoors, but dogs need to be taken for regular walks - at least twice a day.

Tricks

Although some cats will learn to do tricks, they do them to please themselves, not their owners, and so are more difficult to train.

Most dogs can be trained to do some tricks with patience.

Your Work

As dogs need more personal attention than cats, they are less well suited to people who travel a lot or work long hours. Dogs should preferably not be left home alone all day, while cats will cope.

Cost

According to the ASPCA, a typical cat costs $670 per year, including food, litter and medical costs.

A small dog cost approximately $580, while a medium sized dog costs $695 and a large dog costs $875.

Popular breeds

The most popular cat breeds in the US are the Persian, the Maine Coon, the Exotic and the Siamese.

The most popular breeds of dog in the US are Labrador Retriever (with over 123,000 registered individuals), Yorkshire Terrier (48,346), German Shepherd (43,629) and Golden Retriever (42,962).

Statistics

According to US census data, there are around 86.4 million pet cats in the US. 33% of households in the US own at least one cat. On average, cat owners have two cats.

There are approximately 78.2 million pet dogs in the US. 39% of US households own at least one dog. On average, dog owners have one dog.

AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association ) statistics are slightly different - about 74 million cats and 70 million dogs. Dogs are found in more American households than cats but cat-owners tend to own a larger number of cats on average and so the over all population is larger for cats than dogs.

Common Games

Cats enjoy simple games that allow them to stalk and pounce. Popular games include bouncing a ping-pong ball on the floor for the cat to jump after, rolling a crumpled ball of paper along the floor, dragging ribbon along the floor, or playing hide and seek.

Dogs enjoy games that allow them to run and chase. As well as playing "fetch," dogs enjoy playing tug-of-war, hide and seek, find the treat, and running races.

References

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Cat vs Dog comparison. Cats and dogs are the most popular pets in the world. Cats are more independent and are generally cheaper and less demanding pets. Dogs are loyal and obedient but require more attention and exercise, including regular walks. How to choose When choosing b...

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E-Books vs. Print Books: An Overview

E-books have become a mainstay of the publishing industry. However, predictions of the demise of printed books as a result of the introduction of e-books has not materialized thus far.

At the end of 2023, the industry was up 0.4% over 2022, with total revenues from all categories at $12.6 billion. Overall, print books experienced decreases in revenue, and e-book revenues were up just 0.6%. Let's take a deeper look at both options and the publishing industry in general.

Recent History of Print Books and E-Books

According to the Association of American Publishers, e-book sales in the U.S. were down 1.5% during the first quarter of 2024 compared to the first three months of 2023, for a total of $255.6 million in revenue. They currently make up 12% of total consumer book sales. Their share of the market has been inching up over time, but hardcover and paperback books still rule the market, with approximately $3.3 billion and $3.1 billion in sales in 2023, respectively.

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic was a boon to print publishing. Sales rose 8.2% year over year to a total of 751 million copies, according to Printing Impressions, a publishing industry journal. More leisure time and a need to educate children at home were cited as reasons for the book-buying spree.

2022 brought about several unique trends. First, paperback and hardback revenue both decreased, with hardback coming in 13.6% lower than the year before. E-books also declined, falling 6.5%. It's interesting to note that digital audio revenue grew 71.7% from 2021 to 2022.

Print Books

Print books have the feel of a book that many readers love. You can hold it, turn the pages, and feel the paper. People who love to read spend a lifetime acquiring books. They may find it wrenching to abandon their shelves of books for a single slab of plastic.

Readers may also compare the quality of illustrations between the two formats and find the print versions superior. The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes can be bought in either hardcover or Kindle versions but readers may find the Kindle version lacking due to the shrunken size of the illustrations and the relative clumsiness of toggling between story text and annotations.

Some readers also experience eye strain using an electronic device instead of a printed book.

Books on paper are difficult to carry around, especially hardcovers. If you're an avid reader and you're going on a trip, or if you're just stepping out to a coffee shop, an e-reader or iPad is a far lighter burden than a book or a stack of them.

There's also the satisfaction of having an entire library at your fingertips, not to mention an infinite supply just a click away, ready to download instantly.

In addition, e-book buyers have the advantage that the internet gives consumers of any products: No space constraints. Just about everything ever published is available, all the time.

There are some drawbacks. You must recharge an e-reader or any other electronic device. Some screens are not easily readable in sunlight. And, if you are one of the millions who spend the entire workday in front of a computer, reading your favorite author on a computer screen in the evening may not appeal.

Beyond Amazon

Avid e-book readers can stray beyond Amazon or Barnes and Noble and read for free.

The nonprofit Project Gutenberg offers 70,000 free downloadable books, most of them classics well beyond their copyright protection expiration dates. The site Free Classic Books offers just that, in an alphabetized list from Alcott, Louisa M., to Wodehouse, P.G.

Google Books also brags that it has more than 10 million books available to download for free, including textbooks and government documents as well as literary classics.

Special Considerations: The Publishing Business

E-books may omit some of the traditional costs of publishing, but it imposes other costs. Added technology costs involve formatting the e-book so that various electronic devices and browsers can properly download and store the book.

Whether it's printed or downloaded, a percentage of the e-book price must be paid to online sellers such as Amazon and Barnes & Noble. This can be anywhere from 30% to 65% of the sale price.

The Independent Route

Smaller publishers and independent authors have more leeway with pricing, but they still have many of the same costs. They must give a percentage of their e-book sales to the online distributor, and unless they are graphic designers, they must hire an illustrator to create their cover art.

Most independent authors have to hire someone to convert their books into e-book format. Plus, they still have the marketing and promotional costs that are required to get their books noticed. However, e-books are overall lower in cost to produce, and that is typically reflected in their lower prices compared to print editions.

Print Books, E-Books, and Personal Finance

With the overview of the industry behind us, let's talk about the finances of owning books. There's a handful of personal finance considerations to make about which to buy.

Upfront Cost

Purchasing an e-reader may involve a higher initial investment than buying a single printed book. However, the economic advantage lies in the long-term savings as e-books may be priced lower than their physical counterparts (as they may cost less to produce). The upfront cost of an e-reader can be considered a one-time expense, and PCMag often recommends e-readers that cost less than $100.

Subscription Costs

Subscription services like Kindle Unlimited or Audible offer a cost-effective way to access a vast library of e-books. From an economic standpoint, these services can significantly reduce the per-book cost for avid readers, making it a financially smart move as opposed to buying individual books. However, you will not retain ownership during this subscription period, and you won't keep books like you otherwise would a print book. Also, there are no subscription costs for print books that you can check out of a public library with a free library card.

Book Resale Value

The resale value of physical books adds an economic dimension to owning a print collection. Used bookstores, online platforms, and book swaps provide avenues for recovering some of the initial investment in printed books. E-books, unfortunately, lack a resale market, making them less financially flexible in this regard.

Storage Costs

Physical books incur storage costs in terms of space requirements and furniture like bookshelves. And consider how much it may cost to move those physical books if you need to relocate homes. The economic advantage of e-books is that they eliminate the need for physical storage or moving expenses, meaning readers can amass a vast collection without incurring additional costs.

Environmental Cost

From an economic perspective, the environmental impact of printed books, including production and disposal costs, contributes to their overall expense. E-books, unfortunately, may not be as sustainable as you might think. The continual need for electricity and the use of fossil fuels to generate it mean that e-books still contribute to environmental costs, just in a different way than printed books do.

Production and Distribution Costs

The cost of producing and distributing physical books encompasses expenses related to paper, printing, transportation, and warehousing. E-books sidestep these costs, offering a potentially more economically efficient model for publishers and authors. Though the costs may vary based on each book and genre, the total cost to self-publish a book are unofficially estimated to be several thousand dollars.

Accessibility

The economic advantage of e-books in terms of accessibility is evident for readers with visual impairments. Digital formats allow for features like adjustable text size and screen-reading technology, enhancing the reading experience for a broader audience.

Change in Preference

Changes in reading habits have implications for e-books and printed book owners. Think of someone who's preference may shift from one genre to another very quickly. If this sounds like you, the greater flexibility that electronic media offers may make more financial sense.

Which Is More Cost-Effective in the Long Run: Buying E-books or Printed Books?

Is There a Significant Difference in the Resale Value of E-books and Printed Books?

What Is the Impact of E-books on Local Bookstores From an Economic Standpoint?

The Bottom Line

E-books offer a potentially cost-effective solution for avid readers. The absence of physical production costs, reduced storage needs, and frequent digital promotions may make a digital library more cost effective. On the other hand, printed books may have resale value, no subscription cost, and greater sentimental appeal to old-fashioned readers. There are many factors to consider when choosing between e-books and printed books from a financial perspective.

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E-Books vs. Print Books: Which Should You Choose?

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Compare the differences between e-books and print books and decide where you stand on the print versus digital debate.

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At a Glance: Books vs. eBooks

The global paper books market will encompass around 1.87 billion readers by 2027, while e-reader users are expected to reach 1.2 billion.

The U.S. market demonstrates a continued preference for print books with 788.7 million units sold in 2022.

Despite trends towards digitalization, a 2021 survey revealed that 68% of younger readers (18 to 29-year-olds) in the U.S. prefer print books.

At the same time, eBook sales in the U.S. are gradually increasing, with a 3.7% growth in January 2023 vs. January 2022, resulting in $85 million in revenue.

Amazon's Kindle currently dominates the e-reader market, holding a substantial 72% share.

Between 2021 and 2023, the average price gap between eBooks and hardcovers on Amazon increased by 75% in favor of eBooks.

Paper books vs eBooks statistics show print is here to stay!

Dead Tree Editions Just Won't Die!

Like the monster in a horror movie, print books just won't die. The most recent paper books vs eBooks statistics, research, and surveys back this up.

Print books are here to stay!

Let's look at the most important eBook vs print book statistics, key differences between print and e-books, and where American publishers are taking the industry.

Popularity Contest: eBooks Versus Print Books

Are print books still popular? You'd better believe it!

According to the most recent survey conducted by the Pew Research Center on book consumption and book formats, traditional print is still the most popular reading format for both adults and children.

Survey says:

75% of adults in the United States read a book in some format over the last year

32% of Americans claim they only read print books

33% say they read both print books and e-books

9% say they only read e-books

23% of the respondents said that they don't read books

eBooks vs Printed Books Sales

Print books out-sell eBooks 4 to 1

191 million e-books were sold in the United States in 2020

In January 2023, eBook sales in the US experienced a 3.7% increase vs. January 2022, resulting in $85 million of generated revenue.

Printed book sales amounted to 788.7 million units in 2022. Although there was a decrease compared to the previous year, the figure remains higher than in the years preceding 2021.

Print book sales have increased 13.2% between 2020 and 2021, and 21% between 2019 and 2021

eBook sales grew by 22% in 2020

eBook sales have decreased 8% in 2021 but were still 8% higher than they were in 2019

Print book sales in the US from 2004 to 2022

Source: Statista

eBook book sales in the US from 2010 to 2020

Source: Statista

Kindle vs Book Statistics

By far, the most popular e-reader on the market is Amazon's Kindle.

The Kindle comes in a variety of formats - color, glare-free, etc. - but all use the AZW eBook format. Most other e-readers, like the Barnes & Noble Nook and Apple Books, use the more ubiquitous EPUB format for eBooks.

72% of the e-reader market belongs to Amazon Kindle

10% of the e-reader market belongs to Barnes & Noble Nook

18% of e-readers use an alternative app for digital reading

A more recent study from Pew Research suggests more people are reading on their smartphones and tablets, leading to a recent decrease in e-reader sales.

A 2012 report from NewZoo found 17.4 million active Kindle Fire users and 30.5 million iPad users in the United States. By 2018 Amazon reported selling close to 90 million e-readers. By 2027, Statista projects the number of e-reader users to grow to 1.2 billion, resulting in an expected revenue of $15.39 billion in the eBooks market.

Check also ➜ How Many Books Are Published Each Year?

Demographics: Reader vs E-Reader

Book reading demographics vary according to education and income level.

College graduates make up 90% of book readers, while only 61% of high school graduates read books.

Those who dropped out of school have an even lower readership rate - a mere 32%.

Economics goes hand-in-hand with education. Individuals earning over $75,000 a year make up 86% of readers, while well those earning less than $30,000 annually make up only 62%.

Physical books are still the top moneymakers for publishers.

Publishing market research shows the economic juggernaut of traditional books. While publishers are experimenting with different media formats - especially audiobooks - they are still investing the bulk of their marketing efforts into physical book sales.

And they should...there's still big money in old-fashioned publishing!

The Physical Books market is projected to reach 1.87 billion users by 2027, with an average revenue per user (ARPU) of $37.41.

In 2021, the US book publishing industry achieved its highest-ever revenue of $29.33 billion, as reported by StatShot Annual. This marked a remarkable 12.3% increase, amounting to $3.23 billion, compared to the revenue of $26.1 billion in 2020
.

The United States Book Publishing Industry Revenue by Category

Physical formats accounted for over 75.5% of the revenue for trade (consumer books) publishers.

E-books experienced a 5.0% decline compared to 2020, totaling $1.97 billion and making up 10.5% of publishers' overall revenue for the year.

In 2020, 19% of adult readers owned an e-reader, a decrease from 32% of adult readers who owned e-readers in 2014.

Canada Book Market Mirrors The US

Canadian booksellers see the same trends as the United States: people prefer print when it comes to long-form reading.

A 2022 survey from Canadian Book Consumer Study supports these findings:

Print books accounted for 73% of purchases made by Canadian buyers

E-books represented 17% of the purchases

Audiobooks accounted for 6% of the total

The Distribution of Book Purchases by Format in Canada (From 2019 to 2022)

Among book buyers, those aged 35 to 44 accounted for the highest percentage of print book purchases, with 25%

In 2022, print books comprised 71% of library borrowings, while eBooks accounted for 21% and audiobooks made up 8%.

And this trend is not just confined to North America. The same thing happens in a dozen different countries.

Reader vs. E-Reader Statistics: Educational Levels

College graduates:

High school (or less) graduates:

Reading Habits Reported by Various Groups in the US

Reader vs. E-Reader Statistics: Income Levels

86% of people earning over $75,000 per year read a book last year.

78% of people earning between $50,000 and $75,000 per year read a book last year.

67% of people earning between $30,000 and $49,000 per year read a book last year.

62% of people earning below $30,000 per year read a book last year.

Print Book Youth Movement

One of the main reasons physical books are here to stay is because the next generation of readers has already embraced them.

Studies by Pew Research Center show that the most avaricious readers are young adults, with 83% responding they read a book in some format in 2021.

Data gathered from surveys and studies helps shape market trends.

In 2021:

83% of people aged 18-29 read a book

77% of people aged 30-49 read a book

72% of people aged 50-64 read a book

68% of people aged 65 and older read a book

62% of 16 to 24-year-olds preferred print books to e-books

68% of 18 to 29-year-olds preferred physical books to e-books

Only 4% of children's fiction was published in digital formats in 2021

eBooks vs Print Books: Costs & Savings

In the early days of eBook publishing, the digital versions of books were priced much cheaper than the print versions.

This made sense.

There were no printing, paper, or shipping costs involved, so a digital book should naturally cost less. A decade ago, it was not uncommon to see a hardcover bestseller priced at $25 with a digital edition price around half that.

Today the prices of physical books are much closer, especially when it comes to new releases and popular authors.

The cost of the latest Susanne Collins or Stephen King book will be nearly the same in both hardcover and e-book editions.

The real savings of eBooks come with older works and backlist titles. The digital editions of books that have been available for a while drop significantly. You can get eBook editions of classic literature for very cheap (even free).

Independent authors also offer up a wide variety of eBooks that are priced less than books from traditional publishers.

There are bargain books in both the physical and digital realms. You can find plenty of one-dollar eBooks online, enough to max out your e-reader. You can also find a table filled with $5 hardcovers at the local warehouse store.

Overall, eBooks will save avid readers money, but not as much you'd expect.

Hardcover vs. Kindle on Amazon: Kindle version costs 17% ($3) less than Hardcover

eBook vs Print Book Costs in 2023

Amazon Bestseller list 01/10/23:

Prince Harry The Duke of Sussex's "Spare" is $19.99 hardcover and $17.99 eBook - 2.00$ difference in favor of the eBook

James Clear's "Atomic Habits" is $14.89 hardcover and 12.99 eBook - $1.90 difference

Collen Hoover's "It Ends with Us" is $20.24 hardcover and $12.99 eBook - $7.25 difference

Collen Hoover's "It Starts with Us" is $36.23 hardcover and $13.99 eBook - $22.24 difference

Bonnie Garmus "Lessons in Chemistry" is $17.99 hardcover and $14.99 eBook - $3.00 difference

Dav Pilkey's "Dog Man: Twenty Thousand Fleas Under the Sea" is $9.49 hardcover and $9.99 eBook - $0.50 difference

As we can see, new hardcover bestsellers sell for an average price of $19.80 in 2023 while their eBook counterparts sell for around $12.

So, if you like to read hot-of-the-press bestsellers, choosing eBooks over physical books will save you about $7 per title ... and a whole lot of shelf space!

eBook vs Print Book Costs in 2021

To compare let's look at the same data from 2021.

The difference in price between eBooks and paper books was less back in 2021 with some Kindle versions selling at a higher price than hardcover:

eBook offered at a higher price than Hardcover on Amazon

Amazon Bestseller list 10/12/21:

JK Rowlings's "The Christmas Pig" is $12.49 hardcover and $14.24 eBook - 1.75$ difference in favor of the the Hardcover

Adam Schiff's "Midnight in Washington" is $25.49 hardcover and 14.99 eBook - $10.50 difference

Dave Grohl's "The Storyteller" is $19.49 hardcover and $14.99 eBook - $4.50 difference

Ron and Clint Howard's "The Boys" is $20.49 hardcover and $14.99 eBook - $5.50 difference

Nicholas Sparks "The Wish" is $15.99 hardcover and $14.99 eBook - $1.00 difference

Anthony Doerr's "Cloud Cuckoo Land" is $18.57 hardcover and $14.99 eBook - $3.58 difference

Based on the numbers above, new hardcover bestsellers sold for an average price of $19.30 in 2021 while their eBook counterparts sold for around $15. This means that eBooks were saving you about $4 per title in 2021 compared to $7 in 2023.

So, from 2021 to 2023 the difference in price between eBooks and hardcovers increased by 75% (or $3) in favor of eBooks.

Currently, there are still some ongoing supply chain delays that might be influencing the book market. Until everything stabilizes, we probably could see further, and at times drastic, fluctuations in the pricing of physical books versus eBooks.

Don't Forget Your Local Library

You can't get cheaper than free. Public libraries across the country allow you to borrow print and digital editions of books for a select period of time, usually a week or two.

As long as you return your borrowed books on time and in good condition, the local library offers a lifetime of free reading

Plus, libraries are one of the biggest buyers of books. Let them make the investment while you reap the reading rewards!

The Benefits of E-Books

A book isn't paper and binding. It is the words and ideas contained between the covers.

An e-book contains all of the words and information of a print edition with a number of additional benefits:

The key difference between e-books and printed books is this lack of a physical object.

For starters, one difference is that an e-book is more portable than a print book.

You can store an entire library of e-books on your phone or tablet and not take up an inch of physical shelf space. Kindle libraries can be vast and contain appropriate content for people of any age.

E-books take up very little data. Even if your data is limited, a dozen full-length editions will occupy no more than a megabyte of disk space. It's hard for print to compete in this area of books vs. e-books. Physical books take up a lot of physical space.

E-books do not have a fixed font size. Make those letters big and easy to read before bed. Or change the color of the type or the background. The options are endless and the convenience outstanding.

Adopting e-book technology can make you more well-read. Your Kindle will survey your e-book reading tastes and report suggestions based on titles with a related association.

In addition, e-books have the benefit of a built-in dictionary. No more guessing at word meanings based on their context. You could look up word definitions on the fly. Even search the web to get deeper details about the eBook you're reading.

E-books also offer an excellent way to take notes regarding the text you were reading. Digital notes can be exported into any text editor and you're halfway through your book report or online review!

Like all digital files, eBooks are also very convenient for sharing. Reader-community apps, like Goodreads, allow you to share your reading progress with others almost like a built-in book club you can join or occasionally check in on.

E-books are also easier on the environment. Gone is the association with stinky paper mills and unnecessary tree slaughter. No glue, no expensive ink. Unlike paper books, eBooks leave little to no carbon footprint.

Latest eBook Sales Numbers

The Benefits of Print Books

A print book is a joy to behold!

The smell of freshly printed pages, the smooth, silky feel of paper beneath your fingertips, the crinkle, and crackle of a story flowing by.

Print offers a unique reading experience.

Digital e-readers don't engage the senses the way a physical book does. Reading a printed book is a tactile experience.

You feel it, you smell it, and you remember it.

This is one reason physical books are the more popular format for readers. Printed books touch readers on a more primal emotional level.

Physical Books vs eBooks Statistics Showing Why Traditional Books Are Better

66% of readers believe printed books offer a more unique and fulfilling reading experience than e-books.

A majority of college students say they retain information longer when it is read in a printed format.

Traditional books don't cause the eye strain inherent to e-readers. Reading on an e-reader before bed disrupts sleep and impacts overall health

Children learn better with paper books. Almost 90% of teachers and parents believe reading 15 pages on paper every day improves a child's memory and language development.

64% of employees say they prefer paper agendas and memos to digital communication.

E-readers take more carbon to produce than physical books.

Discarded e-readers lead to toxic electronic waste. Old books can be recycled with other paper products.

Digital books bought online generally cost less. While a new hardcover can cost $30, the same book may only cost $15 on a Kindle e-reader. And that's the top price for an eBook.

Most back titles are available for under five dollars. If you have limited income, e-readers and e-books are a better bargain when it comes to price.

In addition, reading a print book offers an uninterrupted "low tech" reading experience. E-readers and online reading in digital formats run the risk of pop-up ads, dying batteries, and power failures.

Despite its distribution limitations, print still reaches a broad demographic, especially among older readers.

For example, 41% of Americans over age 65 are not Internet users. The number of e-reader owners is even lower among this demographic.

The Future Of Printed Books

The statistics and surveys tell the story; despite the growing popularity of e-books, traditional publishing is here to stay.

The publishing industry uses market research to determine which book format a reader will prefer. U.S. libraries also contribute valuable data and figures on reader habits.

Another factor keeping traditional book publishing alive and well is the modern school system.

Textbook publishers have yet to embrace digital media. Heavy - and expensive - textbooks are still the norm for students. College students (and school boards) must buy the same textbooks year after year. Hey, the bulk of the information inside these textbooks hasn't changed for centuries. Shouldn't knowledge be free online somewhere?

Even though all the educational tools needed for academic success can be included on a lightweight laptop or tablet, print textbooks remain an essential part of classrooms.

This one of the main reasons readers prefer printed books over e-books - they were raised with print books all through school and they carry that love of physical books into adulthood.

The Future Of The eBook and E-Reader

A 2019 survey by Pew Research provides data and figures, which publishers use to determine which reading formats are most popular. While eBooks and e-readers were not the "print killers" some predicted they'd be, digital books continue to make slow gains in popularity.

The best-selling e-books are genre fiction - romance, crime, science-fiction, thrillers, and related genres.

The popularity of digital fiction in the United States is slated to grow over the next few years. As the popularity of e-books spreads, so too do the sales of e-book readers increase.

Projected e-book sales in 2025 = $7.78 billion (up from $5.91 billion in 2019)

Projected e-reader sales in 2025 = $98.95 million (up from $77.94 million in 2019)

What About Audiobooks?

We are in the midst of a "listening revolution" the likes of which the world hasn't seen since the birth of radio.

The rise of podcasts and narrated stories means more people are listening to media than ever before.

However, these modern "books on tape" aren't eating away at physical books or e-book sales as much as they're bringing in new readers and giving seasoned readers a new way to enjoy the stories they love.

One-in-five Americans listened to a book in 2021

100% of American publishers are creating audio

Diverse Book Consumption Formats Among U.S. Adults

People Still Read Books... And Always Will

From a social media post to a blog article, people today read short-form writing on smartphones and tablets. But when they want to read in longer formats they turn to books, and, more often than not, they turn to "dead tree" editions printed with paper and ink.

Print books aren't dying - they're evolving, offering more accessible ways for people to enjoy them.

Technology has expanded our reading choices, allowing us to connect with books in different ways. In many ways - in terms of selection and availability - books are healthier than ever!

To get more insight into digital books vs. print books, we reached out to author Armand Rosamillia.

Rosamillia says his sales were pretty evenly split between print books, e-books, and audiobooks until the pandemic hit.

"Looking at my stats from the last 18 months, my sales are roughly 18% print, 27% audiobook, and 55% e-book," Rosamillia reports. "Audio sales have nearly doubled since Covid, mostly affecting the print side."

In addition to writing books, Rosamillia also runs The Little Free Library, a take-a-book / leave-a-book public bookshelf, which is a hit with younger readers.

Printed books are still preferred for nature journals, cookbooks, and children's books. A recent Nielsen study found that parents and kids want to hold books and turn the pages together.

You can't do that with an ebook.

The same goes for interactive books like coloring books, puzzles, and workbooks. You need traditional pages to get the most out of these books.

"Even though children are at ease with their tablets and technology (more so than I ever will be), they still gravitate toward the print books until they hit their teens, in my opinion," Rosamillia says, "I have a Little Free Library on my property and the children go crazy whenever I put a new stack of picture books into it."

And that's good news for bibliophiles of any age!
Rob Errera

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Printed Books vs eBooks Statistics, Trends and Facts [2023]

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Print book vs eBook statistics show that print books are still the most popular reading format and the biggest money maker for book publishers.

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Indiana University Bloomington Libraries Blogs

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Books vs. Movies_ Comparison of Features _ Free Essay Example

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The supermarket chain Morrisons is raising the price of its reusable plastic bags from 10p to 15p as a trial and introducing a 20p paper version. The paper bags will be available in eight stores as part of a two-month trial. The supermarket chain said reducing plastic was their customers' top environmental concern.

Paper bags remain popular in the US, but they fell out of use in UK supermarkets in the 1970s as plastic was seen as a more durable material.

But are paper bags more environmentally friendly than plastic ones?

The answer comes down to:

how much energy is used to make the bag during manufacturing?

how durable is the bag? (i.e. how many times can it be reused?)

how easy is it to recycle?

how quickly does it decompose if thrown away?

'Four times as much energy'

In 2011 a research paper produced by the Northern Ireland Assembly said it "takes more than four times as much energy to manufacture a paper bag as it does to manufacture a plastic bag."

Unlike plastic bags (which the report says are produced from the waste products of oil refining) paper requires forests to be cut down to produce the bags. The manufacturing process, according to the research, also produces a higher concentration of toxic chemicals compared with making single-use plastic bags.

Paper bags also weigh more than plastic; this means transportation requires more energy, adding to their carbon footprint, the study adds.

Morrisons says that the material used to make its paper bags will be 100% sourced from forests that are managed responsibly.

And if new forests are grown to replace lost trees, this will help to offset the climate change impact, because trees lock up carbon from the atmosphere.

In 2006, the Environment Agency examined a range of bags made from different materials to find out how many times they need to be reused in order to have a lower global warming potential than a conventional single-use plastic bag.

The study found paper bags needed to be reused at least three times, one fewer than plastic bags for life (four times).

At the other end of the spectrum, the Environment Agency found that cotton bags required the most number of reuses, at 131. That was down to the high amount of energy used to produce and fertilise cotton yarn.

Morrisons to trial 20p paper bags

Reality Check: Where does the plastic bag charge go?

Reality Check: Where is the plastic waste mountain?

But even if a paper bag requires the fewest reuses there is a practical consideration: will it last long enough to survive at least three trips to the supermarket?

Paper bags are not as durable as bags for life, being more likely to split or tear, especially if they get wet.

In its conclusion, the Environment Agency says "it is unlikely the paper bag can be regularly reused the required number of times due to its low durability".

Morrisons insists there is no reason its paper bag cannot be reused as many times as the plastic one it is replacing, although it depends on how the bag is treated.

Cotton bags, despite being the most carbon intensive to manufacture, are the most durable and will have a much longer life.

Despite its low durability, one advantage of paper is that it decomposes much more quickly than plastic, and therefore it is less likely to be a source of litter and pose a risk to wildlife.

Paper is also more widely recyclable, while plastic bags can take between 400 and 1,000 years to decompose.

So what's best?

Paper bags require marginally fewer reuses than bags for life to make them more environmentally friendly than single-use plastic bags.

On the other hand, paper bags are less durable than other types of bags. So if customers have to replace their paper ones more frequently, it will have a greater environmental effect.

But the key to reducing the impact of all carrier bags - no matter what they are made of - is to reuse them as much as possible, says Margaret Bates, professor of sustainable waste management at Northampton University.

Many people forget to bring their reusable bags on their weekly supermarket trip, and end up having to buy more bags at the till, she says.

This will have a much bigger environmental impact compared with just choosing to use paper, plastic or cotton.
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The supermarket chain Morrisons is raising the price of its reusable plastic bags from 10p to 15p as a trial and introducing a 20p paper version. The paper bags will be available in eight stores as part of a two-month trial. The supermarket chain said reducing plastic was their customers' top environmental concern.

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Environmental Impact of Plastic vs. Paper, Perfect Packaging

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Plastic bags outperform paper bags environmentally – on manufacturing, on reuse, and on solid waste volume and generation.

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Sustainable Shopping—Which Bag Is Best? | National Geographic Society

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Though you may have heard reusable bags are always best, recent studies show a much more complicated picture.

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Abstract

If you have ever been inside a grocery store, you have probably noticed the produce section. Mountains of lemons, piles of tomatoes, rows of cucumbers, several kinds of apples, and more. Some of these items you might know as fruits, and others as vegetables. But what is the difference between a fruit and a vegetable? When you eat an apple, strawberry, or peach, what part of the plant are you eating? This article explores our knowledge of fruits and how to properly identify them.

Fruit Development

Flowering plants are all around us: they line our streets, fill our gardens, and decorate our homes. In fact, flowering plants are currently the most diverse plant group on Earth. Many familiar trees, such as oaks and maples, are flowering plants. Flowers are not only beautiful and attractive to insects and humans, but they are also vital to the plant life cycle. Flowers hold the reproductive organs of the plant, which are known together as the stamen and . The carpel is in the center of the flower and is composed of three parts, called the ovary, style, and stigma; these parts can all play a role in the development of a fruit ( Figure 1A). Inside the ovary are ovules, or immature seeds. The carpel is therefore a protective cover, creating an optimal environment for the ovules to transform into seeds. In order to develop into a fruit, the carpel must first receive pollen grains successfully. After this, the carpel is fertilized, and fruit development can begin. The outer parts of the flower, the sepals and petals, are sterile and are usually bright and colorful to attract pollinators, which helps to assure fertilization.

Figure 1 - Photographs of Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae), tomato.

(A) Tomato plant flower, with green sepals, yellow petals and yellow carpel in the center, encircled in black (Photo: Dr. Mac Alford; http://www.plantsystematics.org/). (B) Tomato fruit, with green sepals still attached. (C) Cross-section of a tomato fruit. The layers of the fruit (pericarp) and the seeds are shown.

Fruits are the mature and ripened ovaries of flowers []. The first step in fruit growth is fertilization of the carpel. Then, a fruit arises from a series of transformations that occur during the development of the fertilized carpel, resulting in the ovary of the flower maturing and ripening. Throughout this process, the cells in the carpel of the flower change so that the structural layers become the fruit [ 1] ( Figure 1).

The Role of Fruits

One of the main functions of a fruit is to spread the seeds and allow the plant to reproduce. Therefore, all flowering plants produce fruit, regardless of whether the fruit is edible, sweet, or soft. This means that, although we call peppers and cucumbers vegetables, they are technically fruits ( Figure 2). Acorns, maple keys, and the outside of sunflower seeds are also considered fruits. They too develop from a series of transformations of the carpel, and protect, store, and help to scatter the seeds of a flowering plant.

Figure 2 - Selected fleshy fruits, along with their Latin names:

(A) apple; (B) sugar plum; (C) pomegranate; (D) peach; (E) eggplant; (F) cucumber; (G) kabocha squash; (H) lemon; and (I) pepper. The pericarp of fleshy fruits is shown on each fruit with a bracket.

Types of Fruits

Every single fruit, regardless of whether it looks like the kind of fruit we are used to seeing in the produce section, has three distinct layers-the (outside), (middle), and (inside). Together, these layers form the [ 1]. Although these layers are sometimes hard to tell apart, they can be identified within most fruits you eat. Fruits are usually classified based on tissue types, texture, shape, dehiscence (when the fruit splits open as a stage of development, like peas), and other morphological characteristics. Fruits can be divided into two main categories: fleshy fruits and dry fruits [ 1, ].

Fleshy Fruits

Fleshy fruits have high water content in the pericarp, and a fleshy mesocarp once they are mature. This means that fleshy fruits are juicier than dry fruits. The group of fleshy fruits includes many of the fruits that you may find in the grocery store, and many sweet fruits, such as peaches and apples. Pomegranates, although we eat the seed and not the fruit, also fall under this category, because their pericarp is soft and fleshy. Avocados, peaches, plums, and other fruits with pits are also fleshy fruits, because they have a thick and fleshy mesocarp ( Figure 2). Peppers, cucumbers, and tomatoes are also examples of fleshy fruits, even though they are usually referred to as vegetables ( Figure 2). In fact, most edible fruits fall into the category of fleshy fruits. These fruits use animals, such as birds or humans, to disperse the seeds.

Dry Fruits

Dry fruits are hard and dry when they are fully mature ( Figures 3A-C). The pericarp of dry fruits still has three layers-exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp-but compared with fleshy fruits, they are thinner and do not have as much water. Sometimes the pericarp is in direct contact with the seed, making it hard to tell the fruit apart from the seed. Most dry fruits do not depend on animals to spread their seeds. Instead, they use other mechanisms, such as dehiscence ( Figures 3A,B) to free the seeds, or using water or the wind to blow their seeds away (think of dandelions: the slightest wind will send the fruits, equipped with parachute-like hairs, flying away).

Figure 3 - Selected dry fruits, along with their Latin names:

(A) pea; (B) star anise; (C) acorn; and (D) strawberry. The dry fruit, also known as "achene," of the strawberry is circled in black. The pericarp of each dry fruit is shown with a bracket.

A strawberry is an example of a dry fruit. If you look closely at a strawberry, you will notice specks on the outside ( Figure 3D). Each of those specks is a dry fruit, called an achene; the sweet, red flesh of the strawberry is not actually part of the fruit. It is part of the flower that becomes fleshy and edible. Some other examples of dry fruits are corn and pistachios.

Simple, Aggregate, and Multiple Fruits

In addition to "dry" and "fleshy," fruits can be further described by their structures: simple, aggregate, or multiple. A simple fruit develops from one single ovary, such as a peach or a tomato ( Figure 2D). An aggregate fruit forms from multiple ovaries in a single flower. Strawberries and blackberries are examples of aggregate fruits ( Figure 3D). Lastly, a multiple fruit develops from multiple ovaries of multiple flowers. Pineapples are a good example of aggregate fruits.

Vegetables

Fruits are not the only parts of the plants that we eat. The term vegetable can be used to refer to other edible parts of the plant-leaves, stems, shoots, and roots. A carrot, for example, is a vegetable, because the part of the plant that we eat is the root. Broccoli is made of multiple floral buds, and is also traditionally known as a vegetable. Spinach is a vegetable, because it is a leaf.

The Seedless Fruit Problem

If a fruit's purpose is to house and disperse seeds, then why do we call seedless fruits like grapes, oranges, and watermelons fruits? Although they do not contain seeds, these structures are still considered fruits, because they develop from the carpel of the flower through a series of transformations. Seedless fruit can come about due to a process called parthenocarpy, in which fruits are still produced, even without successful fertilization [].

Some plants have mechanisms in place so that fertilization by their own pollen, or pollen from an extremely similar plant, results in unsuccessful fertilization. This is called self-incompatibility, meaning the plant cannot properly fertilize its flower to create seeds with its own pollen. This allows for fruit development, but without seeds. This is how navel oranges are grown to be naturally seedless [ 3].

Another example of a seedless fruit is a banana. Like humans, plants have genes located in structures called chromosomes. Humans have two sets of chromosomes-we get one set from each parent. Many plants follow this pattern, but bananas are different: they have an odd number (3 to be precise) of chromosomes which makes them unable to produce functional seeds, and therefore after many years of evolution bananas do not have seeds. Instead, bananas have to be grown by planting a piece of an already existing plant to make a new one [ 3]. Next time you eat a banana, look for the brown dots in the center which are the remnants of the seed.

Try It Yourself!

Fruits are all around us, sometimes requiring close observation in order to be discovered. The next time you are eating a salad, look a little bit closer to see which fruits are in the bowl. The next time you hold a strawberry, feel the outside, and see if you can count how many fruits you are about to eat! The next time you go outside, open a maple key and find the seed. When spring comes, check out a flower in your backyard, on your street, or in a park, to see if you can find the carpel. And lastly, the next time someone tells you to eat your vegetables, politely correct them, and tell them you will be happy to eat all of your fruits!

Glossary

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

First and foremost, we would like to thank the young reviewers for their comments and helpful feedback which, together with the Editor's comments, helped us improve the final version of this article. We would also like to thank Dr. Lawrence Kelly for helpful discussion during the identification of the different parts of the fruits and Samantha Frangos who helped with the final version of this manuscript.

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If you have ever been inside a grocery store, you have probably noticed the produce section. Mountains of lemons, piles of tomatoes, rows of cucumbers, several kinds of apples, and more. Some of these items you might know as fruits, and others as vegetables. But what is the difference between a fruit and a vegetable?

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It's easy to go through life feeling like you know the difference between a fruit and a vegetable, but it's likely that at one time some truculent pill has tried to disabuse you of the idea that you know your produce. "You know," such a person has said, "a tomato isn't a vegetable; it's a fruit." And maybe even: "Same thing with peppers and cucumbers." (The "so there!" expletive is understood if not explicitly said.) Sigh. Is the truculent pill right? Well, um, yes.

As we discuss in the article on what's an herb and what's a spice, the language we commonly use for some common things sometimes contradicts the technical language used for those same things. And so it is too with fruits and vegetables.

If you're playing the guessing game known (among other variations) as "Animal, Vegetable, Mineral," vegetable is roughly synonymous with plant as that word is most technically defined: "any of a kingdom (Plantae) of multicellular eukaryotic mostly photosynthetic organisms typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs and possessing cellulose cell walls." This dictionary defines it thusly too: a vegetable is sometimes any kind of living thing that lacks both the ability to get around as well as the brain and sensory organs that we associate with animals.

But in the grocery store, it's a different matter. The grocery store meaning of the word vegetable is the one herein defined as "a usually herbaceous plant (such as the cabbage, bean, or potato) grown for an edible part that is usually eaten as part of a meal; also : such an edible part." The word herbaceous here refers to the kind of stem vegetable plants have: one with little or no woody tissue, the kind that grows only for a single growing season.

This meaning neatly distinguishes recognizable vegetables like broccoli and carrots and kale from the things that grow on trees, like apples and pears. At first glance it might appear to also allow for the tomato of our truculent pill friend to be classified as a vegetable as well, but it does not in fact quite do that.

Though a tomato plant is indeed herbaceous-its parts are not woody, and it grows for only one season-a vegetable is by our definition only the plant itself or the edible part of such a plant. Meanwhile the thing a tomato plant produces isn't a part of the plant itself, any more than the egg a chicken lays is part of the chicken, or the apple is part of the tree on which it grew.

And so it is here that we turn to the relevant definition of fruit: "the usually edible reproductive body of a seed plant; especially : one having a sweet pulp." The tomato plant is a seed plant-it bears seeds-and the tomato that grows from it is an edible reproductive body; the seeds within the tomato are the means by which the tomato plant reproduces. A tomato isn't sweet like an apple, but the definition doesn't require it to be in order to qualify as a fruit.

By these technical definitions, then, our truculent pill friend is correct: a tomato is a fruit, and so is a pepper, and so is a cucumber, and so are all the squashes, even zucchini. Any thing that grows on a plant and is the means by which that plant gets its seeds out into the world is a fruit. Carrots and potatoes and parsnips and the like are of course still vegetables; they are the edible part of the plant, not its reproductive body. So there.

We will not, however, abandon you to the gloating of your truculent pill friend without some source of consolation. In closing, we offer instead some information you may use as your own ammunition of truculence: strawberries are not technically berries, but bananas are.

Brief explanation: the seeds (technically ) of a strawberry are embedded on its exterior, while a true berry has its seeds inside the pulpy flesh. Which makes bananas berries. Same goes for cucumbers and zucchinis. So there.

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It's easy to go through life feeling like you know the difference between a fruit and a vegetable, but it's likely that at one time some truculent pill has tried to disabuse you of the idea that you know your produce. "You know," such a person has said, "a tomato isn't a vegetable; it's a fruit."

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What Is the Difference Between Soccer and Football_ _ FAQ _ Rules of Sport

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Japan and the Path to War

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise, but Japan and the United States had been edging toward war for decades.

The United States was particularly unhappy with Japan's increasingly belligerent attitude toward China. The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbor's territory and take over its import market.

To this end, Japan declared war on China in 1937, resulting in the Nanking Massacre and other atrocities.

American officials responded to this aggression with a battery of economic sanctions and trade embargoes. They reasoned that without access to money and goods, and especially essential supplies like oil, Japan would have to rein in its expansionism.

Instead, the sanctions made the Japanese more determined to stand their ground. During months of negotiations between Tokyo and Washington, D.C., neither side would budge. It seemed that war was all but inevitable.

Where Is Pearl Harbor?

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, is located near the center of the Pacific Ocean, roughly 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland and about 4,000 miles from Japan. No one believed that the Japanese would start a war with an attack on the distant islands of Hawaii.

Additionally, American intelligence officials were confident that any Japanese attack would take place in one of the (relatively) nearby European colonies in the South Pacific: the Dutch East Indies, Singapore or Indochina.

Because American military leaders were not expecting an attack so close to home, the naval facilities at Pearl Harbor were relatively undefended. Almost the entire Pacific Fleet was moored around Ford Island in the harbor, and hundreds of airplanes were squeezed onto adjacent airfields.

To the Japanese, Pearl Harbor was an irresistibly easy target.

USS Arizona

The Japanese plan was simple: Destroy the Pacific Fleet. That way, the Americans would not be able to fight back as Japan's armed forces spread across the South Pacific. On December 7, after months of planning and practice, the Japanese launched their attack.

At about 8 a.m., Japanese planes filled the sky over Pearl Harbor. Bombs and bullets rained onto the vessels moored below. At 8:10, a 1,800-pound bomb smashed through the deck of the battleship USS Arizona and landed in her forward ammunition magazine. The ship exploded and sank with more than 1,000 men trapped inside.

Next, torpedoes pierced the shell of the battleship USS Oklahoma. With 400 sailors aboard, the Oklahoma lost her balance, rolled onto her side and slipped underwater.

Less than two hours later, the surprise attack was over, and every battleship in Pearl Harbor- USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, USS California, USS West Virginia, USS Utah, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee and USS Nevada-had sustained significant damage. (All but USS Arizona and USS Utah were eventually salvaged and repaired.)

Impact of the Pearl Harbor Attack

In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 airplanes. Dry docks and airfields were likewise destroyed. Most importantly, more than 2,000 people died.

But the Japanese had failed to cripple the Pacific Fleet. By the 1940s, battleships were no longer the most important naval vessel: Aircraft carriers were, and as it happened, all of the Pacific Fleet's carriers were away from the base on December 7. (Some had returned to the mainland and others were delivering planes to troops on Midway and Wake Islands.)

Moreover, the Pearl Harbor assault had left the base's most vital onshore facilities-oil storage depots, repair shops, shipyards and submarine docks-intact. As a result, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack.

How Many People Died in Pearl Harbor?

The attack on Pearl Harbor killed 2,403 U.S. personnel, including sailors, soldiers and civilians. Additionally, 1,178 people were wounded. 129 Japanese soldiers were killed.

Half of the dead at Pearl Harbor were on the USS Arizona. Today the sunken battleship serves as a memorial to all Americans who died in the attack.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the U.S. Congress on December 8, the day after the crushing attack on Pearl Harbor.

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941-a date which will live in infamy-the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan."

He went on to say, "No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again."

America Enters World War II

After the Pearl Harbor attack, and for the first time during years of discussion and debate, the American people were united in their determination to go to war.

The Japanese had wanted to goad the United States into an agreement to lift the economic sanctions against them; instead, they had pushed their adversary into a global conflict that ultimately resulted in Japan's first occupation by a foreign power.

Did you know? The single vote against Congress's declaration of war against Japan came from Representative Jeannette Rankin of Montana. Rankin was a pacifist who had also voted against the American entrance into World War I. "As a woman," she said, "I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else."

On December 8, Congress approved Roosevelt's declaration of war on Japan. Three days later, Japan's allies Germany and Italy declared war against the United States.

For the second time, Congress reciprocated, declaring war on the European powers. More than two years after the start of World War II, the United States had entered the conflict.

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Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

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Though ecommerce is growing faster than any other retail sector, the opportunity for brick-and-mortar retailers isn't extinct, just shifted.

In the first quarter of 2014, more than 75 percent of shoppers over age 15 bought something online.

Though e-commerce is growing faster than any other retail sector, the opportunity for brick-and-mortar retailers isn't extinct; it's simply a different value proposition in the eyes of the customer.

Business owners that recognize the different lenses consumers see the world through when buying online versus buying in person can design a channel strategy that aligns with consumers' needs, regardless of where they buy. Here's why:

The price of convenience and product expectations

Buying online has given customers control over what they pay, and from whom-but the product in question is an important factor in why they buy online or in person. As consumer psychologist Phillip Graves explains in The Chicago Tribune, consumers are likely to buy familiar, branded items with qualities they can reasonably predict online.

Yet, if the item they seek isn't familiar to them, they'll buy in person. The reason? The likelihood that an unfamiliar item will need to be returned if bought without seeing and feeling it in person outweighs the convenience of buying online.

Small-business owners can strategically price and promote products in each channel to leverage this reality. A branded product that consumers have probably bought before, and can find from 50 other retailers, may be more cost efficient to sell online only, priced aggressively.

Those proprietary or new-to-market products that consumers need to see and feel in person to confidently buy may justify storefront real estate and inventory costs, if sold only in store, without deep discounts.

Different effort, same expectations

When customers buy in person, they're willing to give something up: time, the money and effort it takes to travel to a store and the energy required to interact-because they believe there is some unique "payoff."

It may be access to personal assistance in the buying process. It may be the luxury of leaving a store with exactly what is needed in the moment.

Though there's the risk that a merchant won't have an item in stock or that it may not be sold at the lowest price, they're willing to take it because of some perceived value buying in person stands to offer.

In stark contrast to buying in person, buying online requires low effort-but the customer expectation isn't necessarily different. Customers buy online because they expect choice, transparency about inventory levels and the ability to research prices, customer reviews and promotional offers.

Small-business owners who understand how channel processes (in store and online) impact customer expectation can optimize sales.

For example: If customers come to a physical retail environment expecting personal attention, train customer-facing staff to give them a hands-on experience. Customers who visit an e-commerce website may be driven by a similar desire to find what they need as quickly as possible. Deliver on this expectation by optimizing product copy to include keywords customers most often use to search, offering expedited shipping options and allowing customers to checkout as a "guest," using the form of payment they prefer.

The emotional payoff

Shopping is more than consumerism. It may involve the opportunity to spend the afternoon with friends, to temporarily alter the way one perceives himself/herself by changing physical appearance or surrounding oneself with company he/she strives to keep. Despite the popularity of buying online, these highly emotional aspects of shopping maintain the appeal of buying in person.

In a 2013 study conducted by retail strategy firm WD Partners, nearly 80 percent of respondents said instant gratification was the key benefit to buying in person; 75 percent said the experience of human connection was the reason they bought in store.

By recognizing the deeper reasons consumers buy in each channel, merchants can tailor their brand position, in store aesthetics and marketing messaging accordingly.

Buying online versus buying in person is different-but one isn't necessarily better, for consumers or merchants. By recognizing the unique value each channel inherently delivers, small-business owners can be strategic in what they sell, where, to whom and for what price.

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Buying Online Vs. Buying in Person - business.com

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Though ecommerce is growing faster than any other retail sector, the opportunity for brick-and-mortar retailers isn't extinct, just shifted. In the first quarter of 2014, more than 75 percent of shoppers over age 15 bought something online.

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With so much happening in Saratoga, especially during the summer season, deciding what to wear isn't always easy. You're invited to a gala... or a fundraiser... or a seminar luncheon, and the dress code is spelled right out for you in black and white, but what does it really mean? How do you actually translate it into something you can put on your body?

Dress codes can be difficult to decipher at times (particularly when some of them mean the opposite of what you can deduce from looking the words up in Webster's Dictionary), so below is a run-down of the common U.S. dress codes and what they mean. We offer you this dress code infographic with his-and-her attire photos to guide you through and suggest what might be appropriate to wear for an occasion with the corresponding dress code.

Are you ready? Hold onto your hat... or black tie... whatever the occasion may be! Here's our simple breakdown of different dress codes and what they mean in U.S. culture, from casual to business casual to smart casual to business and informal, semi-formal and formal attire. We invite you to bookmark this page, pin this image to Pinterest or share via other social media channels for future reference. (click to enlarge)
View Larger Version Share This! Our Quick Guide To Dress Codes Infographic is meant to be shared, and you are welcome to do so. All we ask is that you credit us as the source with a link back to this page.
"Casual"

Casual is basically a non-dress code, and you can wear comfortable clothing.

For Him: Think Homer Simpson. Tee shirt, jeans and sneakers are appropriate. You may also opt to step it up a notch with khakis, cargos, a polo shirt or henley and still fit in just fine. Tip: Avoid inflammatory or otherwise offensive graphic tees!

For Her: Pull out your favorite jeans! You can opt for a comfortable tee or dress things up a bit with a stylish top, jewelry or even a blazer. Depending on the nature of the event, your footwear can range safely from sneakers to heels to boots. Tip: For outdoor events, sneakers are better as heels can sink into soft ground.

"Business Casual"

Business Casual is what many people would typically wear to work at the office.

For Him: Wear a pair of nice khakis paired with a polo shirt or other collared shirt. Dress shoes or loafers are appropriate. Tip: Avoid the wrinkles; iron your shirt and pants! Patterned collared shirts are a nice option for a less dressy feel than their solid counterparts.

For Her: Dress pants or khakis with a fashionable top is appropriate. A casual skirt is also an option. Feel free to dress up your outfit with heels, jewelry and/or accessories if desired. Tip: Wear your hair in your everyday style, and avoid overdoing it with makeup or perfume.

"Smart Casual"

Smart Casual (or dressy casual) is basically a combination of casual, business casual, and business dress codes, where you can combine them into a "smart" ensemble.

For Him: This is your opportunity to pair denim with a sport coat. Khakis, trousers, vests, and ties are other great options to bring into the mix. Tip: If opting for jeans, your denim should look somewhat dressy, fresh and sharp with no wear or holes.

For Her: It's safest to go with nice slacks or a skirt, though you could also wear a nice pair of dark jeans dressed up with a collared or otherwise dressy top. Throw on a blazer for an extra touch of class. Tip: For Smart Casual, you should look sharp, stylish, and neatly put together.

"Business / Informal"

Informal attire may be a misnomer as it does call for a bit of formality (not to be confused with Casual attire). Business and Informal attire is more sophisticated than Smart Casual, often signaling the need for suits, ties and dresses.

For Him: Wear a business suit with tie. You may also opt for nice slacks with a sports jacket and tie.

For Her: Wear a business suit or business style dress with heels (high or low).

Tip: For Business and Informal dress codes, stick to business colors: black, navy blue, gray or brown.

"Semi-Formal"

Semi-formal attire is more fancy than business attire but just a notch below formal tuxedos and fancy gowns.

For Him: Wear a dark suit with long tie. Tip: The more formal the dress code, the less expression you are allowed in determining your attire options; this is particularly true for men.

For Her: This is the perfect time to break out that little black dress. Most women will wear a classy short evening dress, though you may also opt for dressy separates. Tip: Ladies should avoid very short dresses and skirts that are shorter than 1 inch above the knee.

"Formal / Black Tie / Black Tie Optional"

Formal, Black Tie and Black Tie Optional events are among the most fancy of all dress codes, and you will likely be surrounded by a crowd full of tuxedos and floor-length gowns.

For Him: Wear a tuxedo with all the frills (vest/cummerbund, cufflinks, etc.) For Black Tie Optional, you may also opt to wear a black suit with white shirt and conservative tie. Tip: A Black Tie dress code does not necessarily limit you to only "black" ties, but you may opt for a black tux with any matching tie/cummerbund color of your choosing.

For Her: You are safest wearing a long, floor-length evening dress. A very fancy dress that is not floor-length may also be appropriate. Tip: Wear your hear in an elegant updo or partial updo, and put on fancy jewelry for this occasion.

Want to learn more about Saratoga-specific dress codes? Check out these guides:

Saratoga Race Course Dress Code "
Defining Garden Party Attire "

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Dress Codes & What They Mean [Infographic] - His & Her Guide To Appropriate Attire For Each Dress Code

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With so much happening in Saratoga, especially during the summer season, deciding what to wear isn't always easy. You're invited to a gala... or a fundraiser... or a seminar luncheon, and the dress code is spelled right out for you in black and white, but what does it really mean?

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Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project

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Over the past 50 years - from the Silent Generation's young adulthood to that of Millennials today - the United States has undergone large cultural and societal shifts. Now that the youngest Millennials are adults, how do they compare with those who were their age in the generations that came before them?

In general, they're better educated - a factor tied to employment and financial well-being - but there is a sharp divide between the economic fortunes of those who have a college education and those who don't.

Millennials have brought more racial and ethnic diversity to American society. And Millennial women, like Generation X women, are more likely to participate in the nation's workforce than prior generations.

Compared with previous generations, Millennials - those ages 22 to 37 in 2018 - are delaying or foregoing marriage and have been somewhat slower in forming their own households. They are also more likely to be living at home with their parents, and for longer stretches.

And Millennials are now the second-largest generation in the U.S. electorate (after Baby Boomers), a fact that continues to shape the country's politics given their Democratic leanings when compared with older generations.

Those are some of the broad strokes that have emerged from Pew Research Center's work on Millennials over the past few years. Now that the youngest Millennials are in their 20s, we have done a comprehensive update of our prior demographic work on generations. Here are the details.

Education

Today's young adults are much better educated than their grandparents, as the share of young adults with a bachelor's degree or higher has steadily climbed since 1968. Among Millennials, around four-in-ten (39%) of those ages 25 to 37 have a bachelor's degree or higher, compared with just 15% of the Silent Generation, roughly a quarter of Baby Boomers and about three-in-ten Gen Xers (29%) when they were the same age.

Gains in educational attainment have been especially steep for young women. Among women of the Silent Generation, only 11% had obtained at least a bachelor's degree when they were young (ages 25 to 37 in 1968). Millennial women are about four times (43%) as likely as their Silent predecessors to have completed as much education at the same age. Millennial men are also better educated than their predecessors. About one-third of Millennial men (36%) have at least a bachelor's degree, nearly double the share of Silent Generation men (19%) when they were ages 25 to 37.

While educational attainment has steadily increased for men and women over the past five decades, the share of Millennial women with a bachelor's degree is now higher than that of men - a reversal from the Silent Generation and Boomers. Gen X women were the first to outpace men in terms of education, with a 3-percentage-point advantage over Gen X men in 2001. Before that, late Boomer men in 1989 had a 2-point advantage over Boomer women.

Employment

Boomer women surged into the workforce as young adults, setting the stage for more Gen X and Millennial women to follow suit. In 1966, when Silent Generation women were ages 22 through 37, a majority (58%) were not participating in the labor force while 40% were employed. For Millennial women today, 72% are employed while just a quarter are not in the labor force. Boomer women were the turning point. As early as 1985, more young Boomer women were employed (66%) than were not in the labor force (28%).

And despite a reputation for job hopping, Millennial workers are just as likely to stick with their employers as Gen X workers were when they were the same age. Roughly seven-in-ten each of Millennials ages 22 to 37 in 2018 (70%) and Gen Xers the same age in 2002 (69%) reported working for their current employer at least 13 months. About three-in-ten of both groups said they'd been with their employer for at least five years.

Of course, the economy varied for each generation. While the Great Recession affected Americans broadly, it created a particularly challenging job market for Millennials entering the workforce. The unemployment rate was especially high for America's youngest adults in the years just after the recession, a reality that would impact Millennials' future earnings and wealth.

Income and wealth

The financial well-being of Millennials is complicated. The individual earnings for young workers have remained mostly flat over the past 50 years. But this belies a notably large gap in earnings between Millennials who have a college education and those who don't. Similarly, the household income trends for young adults markedly diverge by education. As far as household wealth, Millennials appear to have accumulated slightly less than older generations had at the same age.

Millennials with a bachelor's degree or more and a full-time job had median annual earnings valued at $56,000 in 2018, roughly equal to those of college-educated Generation X workers in 2001. But for Millennials with some college or less, annual earnings were lower than their counterparts in prior generations. For example, Millennial workers with some college education reported making $36,000, lower than the $38,900 early Baby Boomer workers made at the same age in 1982. The pattern is similar for those young adults who never attended college.

Millennials in 2018 had a median household income of roughly $71,400, similar to that of Gen X young adults ($70,700) in 2001. (This analysis is in 2017 dollars and is adjusted for household size. Additionally, household income includes the earnings of the young adult, as well as the income of anyone else living in the household.)

The growing gap by education is even more apparent when looking at annual household income. For households headed by Millennials ages 25 to 37 in 2018, the median adjusted household income was about $105,300 for those with a bachelor's degree or higher, roughly $56,000 greater than that of households headed by high school graduates. The median household income difference by education for prior generations ranged from $41,200 for late Boomers to $19,700 for the Silent Generation when they were young.

While young adults in general do not have much accumulated wealth, Millennials have slightly less wealth than Boomers did at the same age. The median net worth of households headed by Millennials (ages 20 to 35 in 2016) was about $12,500 in 2016, compared with $20,700 for households headed by Boomers the same age in 1983. Median net worth of Gen X households at the same age was about $15,100.

This modest difference in wealth can be partly attributed to differences in debt by generation. Compared with earlier generations, more Millennials have outstanding student debt, and the amount of it they owe tends to be greater. The share of young adult households with any student debt doubled from 1998 (when Gen Xers were ages 20 to 35) to 2016 (when Millennials were that age). In addition, the median amount of debt was nearly 50% greater for Millennials with outstanding student debt ($19,000) than for Gen X debt holders when they were young ($12,800).

Housing

Millennials, hit hard by the Great Recession, have been somewhat slower in forming their own households than previous generations. They're more likely to live in their parents' home and also more likely to be at home for longer stretches. In 2018, 15% of Millennials (ages 25 to 37) were living in their parents' home. This is nearly double the share of early Boomers and Silents (8% each) and 6 percentage points higher than Gen Xers who did so when they were the same age.

The rise in young adults living at home is especially prominent among those with lower education. Millennials who never attended college were twice as likely as those with a bachelor's degree or more to live with their parents (20% vs. 10%). This gap was narrower or nonexistent in previous generations. Roughly equal shares of Silents (about 7% each) lived in their parents' home when they were ages 25 to 37, regardless of educational attainment.

Millennials are also moving significantly less than earlier generations of young adults. About one-in-six Millennials ages 25 to 37 (16%) have moved in the past year. For previous generations at the same age, roughly a quarter had.

Family

On the whole, Millennials are starting families later than their counterparts in prior generations. Just under half (46%) of Millennials ages 25 to 37 are married, a steep drop from the 83% of Silents who were married in 1968. The share of 25- to 37-year-olds who were married steadily dropped for each succeeding generation, from 67% of early Boomers to 57% of Gen Xers. This in part reflects broader societal shifts toward marrying later in life. In 1968, the typical American woman first married at age 21 and the typical American man first wed at 23. Today, those figures have climbed to 28 for women and 30 for men.

But it's not all about delayed marriage. The share of adults who have never married is increasing with each successive generation. If current patterns continue, an estimated one-in-four of today's young adults will have never married by the time they reach their mid-40s to early 50s - a record high share.

In prior generations, those ages 25 to 37 whose highest level of education was a high school diploma were more likely than those with a bachelor's degree or higher to be married. Gen Xers reversed this trend, and the divide widened among Millennials. Four-in-ten Millennials with just a high school diploma (40%) are currently married, compared with 53% of Millennials with at least a bachelor's degree. In comparison, 86% of Silent Generation high school graduates were married in 1968 versus 81% of Silents with a bachelor's degree or more.

Millennial women are also waiting longer to become parents than prior generations did. In 2016, 48% of Millennial women (ages 20 to 35 at the time) were moms. When Generation X women were the same age in 2000, 57% were already mothers, similar to the share of Boomer women (58%) in 1984. Still, Millennial women now account for the vast majority of annual U.S. births, and more than 17 million Millennial women have become mothers.

Voting

Younger generations (Generation X, Millennials and Generation Z) now make up a clear majority of America's voting-eligible population. As of November 2018, nearly six-in-ten adults eligible to vote (59%) were from one of these three generations, with Boomers and older generations making up the other 41%.

However, young adults have historically been less likely to vote than their older counterparts, and these younger generations have followed that same pattern, turning out to vote at lower rates than older generations in recent elections.

In the 2016 election, Millennials and Gen Xers cast more votes than Boomers and older generations, giving the younger generations a slight majority of total votes cast. However, higher shares of Silent/Greatest generation eligible voters (70%) and Boomers (69%) reported voting in the 2016 election compared with Gen X (63%) and Millennial (51%) eligible voters. Going forward, Millennial turnout may increase as this generation grows older.

Generational differences in political attitudes and partisan affiliation are as wide as they have been in decades. Among registered voters, 59% of Millennials affiliate with the Democratic Party or lean Democratic, compared with about half of Boomers and Gen Xers (48% each) and 43% of the Silent Generation. With this divide comes generational differences on specific issue areas, from views of racial discrimination and immigration to foreign policy and the scope of government.

Population change and the future

By 2019, Millennials are projected to number 73 million, overtaking Baby Boomers as the largest living adult generation. Although a greater number of births underlie the Baby Boom generation, Millennials will outnumber Boomers in part because immigration has been boosting their numbers.

Millennials are also bringing more racial and ethnic diversity. When the Silent Generation was young (ages 22 to 37), 84% were non-Hispanic white. For Millennials, the share is just 55%. This change is driven partly by the growing number of Hispanic and Asian immigrants, whose ranks have increased since the Boomer generation. The increased prevalence of interracial marriage and differences in fertility patterns have also contributed to the country's shifting racial and ethnic makeup.

Looking ahead at the next generation, early benchmarks show Generation Z (those ages 6 to 21 in 2018) is on track to be the nation's most diverse and best-educated generation yet. Nearly half (48%) are racial or ethnic minorities. And while most are still in K-12 schools, the oldest Gen Zers are enrolling in college at a higher rate than even Millennials were at their age. Early indications are that their opinions on issues are similar to those of Millennials.

Of course, Gen Z is still very young and may be shaped by future unknown events. But Pew Research Center looks forward to spending the next few years studying life for this new generation as it enters adulthood.
All photos via Getty Images

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Millennial life: How young adulthood today compares with prior generations

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Now that the youngest Millennials are adults, how do they compare with those who were their age in the generations that came before them?

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Our solar system can be divided into three regions: the inner solar system, the outer solar system, and the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud. The inner, rocky planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. These worlds also are known as terrestrial planets because they have solid surfaces. Mercury, Earth, a…

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All About the Planets | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids

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Learn more about the planets in our solar system

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The Nine Planets is an encyclopedic overview with facts and information about mythology and current scientific knowledge of the planets, moons, and other objects in our solar system and beyond.

The 9 Planets in Our Solar System

The Five Dwarf Planets

Other Objects in The Solar System

Earth Science course

Excel High School has an online high school Earth Science course. Learn more about the course details here.

Northgate Academy offers Earth science and astronomy as online homeschooling courses.

Washington Technical Institute is an accredited college that offers online paralegal program and more.

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The Nine Planets of The Solar System | Eight Planets Without Pluto

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An overview of the history, mythology and current scientific knowledge of the planets, moons and other objects in our solar system.

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A female tiger gives birth to a litter of three or four cubs, who she will care for until they are a year-and-a-half old. These cubs quadruple in size during their first month!

The powerful predator generally hunts alone, able to bring down prey such as deer and antelope. Tigers wait until dark to hunt. The tiger sprints to an unsuspecting animal, usually pulling it off its feet with its teeth and claws. If the prey animal is large, the tiger bites its throat to kill it; smaller prey is usually killed when the tiger breaks its neck. Tigers have been known to eat up to 80 pounds of meat in one night, but more often they consume about 12 pounds during a meal. It may take days for a tiger to finish eating its kill. The cat eats until it's full, and then covers the carcass with leaves and dirt. The tiger comes back to feed some more.

Tigers live far apart from each other. A tiger knows if it is in another tiger's territory based on the trees around him. Each tiger marks the trees in its area with urine and special scratches.

Unlike most members of the cat family, tigers seem to enjoy water and swim well.

Some tigers live where it gets very cold-in India and parts of southeast Asia. The whole species is endangered throughout its range.

Tigers have been overhunted for their fur as well as for other body parts that many people use in traditional medicines. Tigers' habitat has also dwindled seriously as humans have developed land for uses such as farming and logging. However, in the Siberian region of Russia, there's hope that these big cats are making a comeback.

Because of their size, strength, and predatory skills, tigers are considered one of the "big cats." Lions, cheetahs, jaguars, and cougars are also part of this grouping.

Tiger stripes are special to each individual, and their tails help them to keep their balance. The big cats share all but 4.4% of their DNA with domestic cats.

Take the big cat quiz to see how much you know about these fierce felines. Then, just for fun, see which wild cat you're most like with our personality quiz.

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Easily recognized by its coat of reddish-orange with dark stripes, the tiger is the largest wild cat in the world. The big cat's tail is three feet long. On average the big cat weighs 450 pounds, about the same as eight ten-year-old kids.

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Online Shopping vs In-Store Shopping Which Is Better 

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Buying Online Vs. Buying in Person - business.com

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Difference Between Casual and Formal Wear Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

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Fruits vs. vegetables List, nutrition, benefits, and more

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Fruit vs Vegetable - Difference and Comparison Diffen

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Difference Between Football and Soccer Difference Between

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Pros and Cons: Online vs. In-Person Classes | UTSA Online Programs

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Online classes offer similar benefits as in-person classes and more. These pros and cons may help you decide if UTSA Online is right for you.

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Pros and Cons of Online Learning | National University

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Is an online degree program or a more traditional campus-based college or university a better fit for your educational and career goals? Learn more here.

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The week of Jan. 24, Case Western Reserve University students saw the return of in-person classes. Many students welcomed this step in the direction of normalcy. But for some, the allure of attending online Zoom classes in pajamas from the warmth of their dorm rooms put a damper on the excitement. There are clear mixed feelings among CWRU students between learning online versus in-person.

Now to the real question: is either form of learning superior to the other? Or is it merely a personal preference? I hope to provide an honest and unbiased "review" of the two types of learning, with the goal of encouraging students to see both the positive and negative aspects of both mediums.

Seeing as we began the semester with online learning, it seems logical to discuss this novel and controversial form of learning first.
Pros - Online classes
Increased flexibility

The increased workability of our jam-packed student schedules is arguably the most appealing attribute of online classes. With lectures recorded and no time wasted walking to Case Quad, students have a much easier time fitting in their hobbies and sports practices or even just hanging out with friends.

Increased class engagement

A rather shocking advantage to online classes that we all discovered during the shift to Zoom was the greater number of questions that came from students. This was, at least in part, due to the removal of the intimidation of raising your hand in front of your peers, with the Zoom chat now a compelling option. Instead of having 350 students all staring up at you, expecting a profound statement, one can ask any question they want without fear of judgement. Being behind a screen brought forward a plethora of students who just needed that little extra push.

Focused environment

For lots of students, sitting amongst hundreds of peers for over an hour is akin to a nightmare when it comes to focusing and being productive. Concentrating on organic chemistry is quite challenging when the people behind you are trying to resolve a long debate about which shoes they should buy or are discussing what the best Saturday night plans are. Online learning provides an escape from these annoyances, and many students welcome it with open arms.
Cons - Online classes
Procrastination

An insurmountable beast for most students, procrastination rears its ugly head especially when the classroom is replaced with the dorm room. Indirect or direct motivation from being around fellow students is taken for granted until online classes take it away. How can we be expected to motivate ourselves when we don't have that support?

Demand for independence and self-motivation

The need to actually manage oneself is the most devastating aspect of online school. In the absence of face-to-face interactions with professors and peers, students are cast off to fend for themselves in the treacherous sea of Canvas, with the dreaded "To Do" list as their only company. It is up to us to make schedules and eliminate distractions such as the glorious and seductive Netflix.

Some would consider this a pro of online learning when it comes to the current public health situation of COVID-19, but socially, isolation is a major con. Unless one works hard to actively make plans with friends, attend club meetings and go to sports practices, social interaction is hard to come by. Even if you manage to make it to a previously populated study spot, no one seems to be there to keep you company.

As you can see, there are clear positives and negatives to online learning that make both sides of the argument strong ones. But what about in-person classes? Are they as amazing as students make them out to be when complaining about learning through Zoom?
Pros - In-person classes
Social interaction

This seems like an obvious point. However, spending time with others genuinely is one of the most appealing aspects of in-person learning. Going to class and seeing people outside of your close-knit group is essential to your mental health and well-being. Learning amongst your peers makes the college experience exponentially more fulfilling than sitting alone in your dorm room.

Higher-quality education

Based on my observations around campus, an extensive amount of students feel very strongly about this one. For some classes, there is not much of a difference in the delivery or type of information delivered, whether it be over Zoom or in a lecture hall. But for classes such as labs, discussion-based seminars and other hands-on courses, being in person is essential. Students will simply not get the same quality of learning when, for example, attending a virtual lab.

Fewer distractions

Categorizing increased focus with more social interaction might sound silly. Surely, being around more people would be more distracting? This is simply not true. Being surrounded by other people who are studying and paying attention can have a facilitating and motivating effect, making you more likely to join in those activities.
Cons - In-person classes
COVID is a big one, obviously. Daily gatherings of hundreds of students who frequently remove their masks to eat or sip some water is risky business during these times. Wouldn't it just be safer for all of us to remain online? Are the pros of in-person learning worth the risk? Well CWRU made its decision to bring us back in-person anyways, but whether they were justified is up to you to decide.

Getting to class

Living in Cleveland makes all of us bitterly aware of the term "lake-effect snow." The wind and slippery sidewalks make walking to class a liability. To make matters worse, every single member of the first-year class seems to be trying to get on the shuttle the moment that you decide to try your luck. In the current situation, we have to strategically plan our choice of shuttle stop if we are to have any chance of getting to class without braving the harsh conditions.

After all of that, what is the answer? Which is better? In short, neither. The purpose of this article is to encourage students to adopt logical and rational thinking in terms of their feelings towards the two types of learning. Keeping an open mind during these times is the most fruitful way to be as conditions keep changing. Use this article to remind yourself that despite any strong feelings you have towards online or in-person learning, neither is perfect-both are good and bad in their own ways. Think rationally, and no matter the form of learning, you will succeed. Remember what this time has taught us. As Max McKeown said, "all failure is failure to adapt, all success is successful adaptation."

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In-person vs. online classes: which are better?

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The week of Jan. 24, Case Western Reserve University students saw the return of in-person classes. Many students welcomed this step in the direction of normalcy. But for some, the allure of attending online Zoom classes in pajamas from the warmth of their dorm rooms put a damper on the excitement.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Lion prides can be as small as 3 or as big as 40 animals. In a pride, lions hunt prey, raise cubs, and defend their territory together. In prides the females do most of the hunting and cub rearing. Usually all the lionesses in the pride are related-mothers, daughters, grandmothers, and sisters.

Many of the females in the pride give birth at about the same time. A cub may nurse from other females as well as its mother. Each pride generally will have no more than two adult males.

While the females usually live with the pride for life, the males often stay for only two to four years. After that they go off on their own or are evicted by other males who take over the pride. When a new male becomes part of the pride it is not unusual for him to kill all the cubs, ensuring that all future cubs will have his genes. The main job of males in the pride is defending the pride's territory. A male's loud roar, usually heard after sunset, can carry for as far as five miles (eight kilometers). The roar warns off intruders and helps round up stray members of the pride.

Hunting generally is done in the dark by the lionesses. They often hunt in groups of two or three, using teamwork to stalk, surround, and kill their prey. Lionesses aren't the most successful of hunters, because they usually score only one kill out of several tries. After the kill the males usually eat first, lionesses next-and the cubs get what's left. Males and females fiercely defend against any outside lions that attempt to join their pride.

Because of their size, strength, and predatory skills, lions are considered one of the "big cats." Tigers, cheetahs, leopards, jaguars, and cougars are also part of this grouping.

Take the big cat quiz to see how much you know about these fierce felines. Then, just for fun, see which wild cat you're most like with our personality quiz.

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For all of their roaring, growling, and ferociousness, lions are family animals and truly social in their own communities. They usually live in groups of 15 or more animals called prides. Prides can be as small as 3 or as big as 40 animals.

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Having a Ball in Fall

Fall officially begins on the autumnal equinox (around September 23)-when Earth is positioned in such a way that the sun shines directly on the Equator. In Lithuania, people burn wooden sculptures to celebrate. In Japan, pictured above, the event is a national holiday in which kids get a vacation day.

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Temperatures may cool down during the fall season, but the fun is just heating up. Find out why autumn is excellent.

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Daylight Delight

In the summer season, areas located in the extreme north or south receive a lot of quality time with the sun. In places such as Fairbanks, Alaska, and St. Petersburg, Russia, (above) the sun doesn't set until midnight throughout June. During summers in Antarctica, the sun doesn't set at all!

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Hooray for summer! Find out why this sunny season deserves a warm welcome.

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Enter the Access ID and Passcode provided by your school to access Britannica School.

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Welcome to Britannica School, a safe, up-to-date, and age-appropriate information resource for Elementary, Middle, and High School.

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Scroll down to see information on Pearl Harbor. It has a section on information.

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password:depict

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Welcome to Britannica School, a safe, up-to-date, and age-appropriate information resource for Elementary, Middle, and High School.

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Dogs are GOATED BRO

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Boomers aint cool bro fo sho

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they are cool

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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