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Cesar Chavez era un activista que protestaba para los trabajadores agricolas. El nacio en Yuma, Arizona en 1927. Los chicanos que trabaja en los granjas eran en condiciones malas. Cesar Chavez dedicaba toda su vida a escoger a calidad  los condiciones que Chicanos trabajaban y las vidas de Chicanos en general. El era un trabajador agricola antes de convertirse a un activista. Se inspiro en el movemiento de Gandhi en India. El trabajaba en el CSO (Community service organization) y despues fundaba el NFWA (National Farm Workers Association). Cesar Chavez ayudaba los hispanos a recibir mas dinero durante el protesta de las uvas. El y Dolores Huerta eran la razon que hispanos pueden recibir dinero normal y trabajar similar con otras personas.

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Dolores Huerta nacio en Dawson, New Mexico. Ella era un activista que representa los agricolos Chicanos. Dolores comenzo ser un activista cuando ella fundaba el CSO(Community Service Organization). El CSO ayudaba los derechos de votar y economico para los hispanos. Ella conocio Cesar Chavez, y en 1962, Cesar Chavez y Dolores Huerta fundaban el NFWA (National Farm Workers Association) y fundaban el UFW (United Farm Workers Association) y trabajaba para 34 anos. Durante el tiempo que Dolores trabajaba en el UFW, ella abogado para los hispanos que trabajaban en condiciones mal, y eliminaba los pesticidos malos. Tambien, ella peleo para los beneficios de healthcare y desempleo para los Chicanos. Dolores recibia la recompensa de los derechos humanos en 1998. Ella no se murio.

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https://www.history.com/topics/mexico/cesar-chavez
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/dolores-huerta
https://www.history.com/news/chicano-movement
https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/mecha_timeline.htm

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Early Life and Work as a Community Organizer

Cesar Estrada Chavez was born in Yuma, Arizona, on March 31, 1927. In the late 1930s, after losing their homestead to foreclosure, he and his family joined more than 300,000 people who migrated to California during the Great Depression and became migrant farm workers.

Chavez dropped out of school after eighth grade and began working in the fields full time. In 1946, he joined the U.S. Navy, serving for two years in a segregated unit. After his service was over, he returned to farmwork and married Helen Fabela, with whom he would eventually have eight children (and later, 31 grandchildren).

In 1952, Chavez was working at a lumberyard in San Jose when he became a grassroots organizer for the Community Service Organization (CSO), a Latino civil rights group. Over the next decade, he worked to register new voters and fight racial and economic discrimination, and rose to become the CSO's national director.

Chavez resigned from the CSO in 1962, after other members refused to support his efforts to form a labor union for farm workers. That same year, he used his life savings to found the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) in Delano, California.

Founding of National Farm Workers Association and the 1965 Grape Strike

Chavez knew firsthand the struggles of the nation's poorest and most powerless workers, who labored to put food on the nation's tables while often going hungry themselves. Not covered by minimum wage laws, many made as little as 40 cents an hour, and did not qualify for unemployment insurance.

Previous attempts to unionize farm workers had failed, as California's powerful agricultural industry fought back with all the weight of their wealth and political power.

Chavez was inspired by the nonviolent civil disobedience pioneered by Gandhi in India, and the example of St. Francis of Assisi, the 13th-century Italian nobleman who gave up his material wealth to live with and work on behalf of the poor.

Working doggedly to build the NFWA alongside fellow organizer Dolores Huerta, Chavez traveled around the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys to recruit union members. Meanwhile, Helen Chavez worked in the fields to support the family, as they struggled to stay afloat.

In September 1965, the NFWA launched a strike against California's grape growers alongside the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), a Filipino-American labor group. The strike lasted five years and expanded into a nationwide boycott of California grapes. The boycott drew widespread support, thanks to the highly visible campaign headed by Chavez, who led a 340-mile march from Delano to Sacramento in 1966 and undertook a well-publicized 25-day hunger strike in 1968.

"I am convinced that the truest act of courage, the strongest act of manliness, is to sacrifice ourselves for others in a totally non-violent struggle for justice," Chavez declared, in a speech read on his behalf when his first hunger strike ended. "To be a man is to suffer for others. God help us be men."

The United Farm Workers and Chavez's Later Career

The grape strike and boycott ended in 1970, with the farm workers reaching a collective bargaining agreement with major grape growers that increased the workers' pay and gave them the right to unionize. The NWFA and AWOC had merged in 1966 to form the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, which in 1971 became the United Farm Workers of America (UFW).

Throughout the 1970s, Chavez continued leading the union's efforts to win labor contracts for farm workers across the agricultural industry, employing the same nonviolent techniques of strikes and boycotts. In 1972, he went on a second hunger strike to protest an Arizona law banning farm workers from organizing and protesting.

Thanks to the UFW's efforts, California passed the landmark Agricultural Labor Relations Act in 1975, giving all farm workers the right to unionize and negotiate for better wages and working conditions.

In the mid-1980s, Chavez focused the UFW's efforts on a campaign to highlight the dangers of pesticides for farm workers and their children. In 1988, at the age of 61, he underwent his third hunger strike, which lasted for 36 days.

Chavez died in his sleep on April 23, 1993, at the age of 66. The following year, President Bill Clinton awarded him a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award. In a sign of the labor leader's enduring influence, Barack Obama borrowed a Chavez slogan- Si, se puede, or "Yes, we can"-during his successful run to become the first Black U.S. president in 2008.

Sources

Maureen Pao, "Cesar Chavez: The Life Behind A Legacy Of Farm Labor Rights." NPR, August 12, 2016.
Miriam Pawel, The Crusades of Cesar Chavez. (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014)
California Hall of Fame: Cesar Chavez. California Museum.

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Cesar Chavez: Quotes, Death & Accomplishments - HISTORY

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Cesar Chavez, labor leader, civil rights activist and founder of the National Farm Workers Association, dedicated his life to the rights of farm workers.

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El movimiento de trabajadores agrícolas fue una protesta para recibir mejores condiciones de trabajo para los trabajadores agrícolas. Esto impactó el movimiento chicano porque el movimiento da una voz a todos los trabajadores chicanos y que ellos necesitan mejores condiciones de trabajo

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Cesar Chavez crea el "United Farm Workers Organizing Committee" en una organizacion en Delano, California

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En Marzo, Cesar Chavez y la "National Farm Workers Association" caminaron de Delano a Sacramento y protestaron sobre malas condiciones de los trabajadores agricolas

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En febrero, Cesar Chavez no comió durante 25 días para mantener el movimiento de trabajadores agrícolas no violento

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Los eventos ocurrieron en el sur de los Estados Unidos cerca de California y Nuevo Mexico. La mayoria de los trabajadores agrícolas chicanos vivían en estos lugares y Cesar Chavez caminó en California con otros trabajadores para luchar por mejores condiciones de trabajo

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El movimiento obtuvo mejores condiciones para los trabajadores agrícolas y mejores salarios. Esto ayudó a los chicanos a ganar más dinero y a ser respetados en el trabajo. Hizo que los políticos se enfocaran en el Movimiento Chicano también