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Limitations of AI in accessible education

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Limitations of AI in accessible education

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- AI will never be able to replace an individual tutor or teacher
- As disability is extremely varied and further manifests differently in each individual, the implemented AI may not be able to provide a high quality of personalised assistance for all disabilities.

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Ethical issues involving AI and education

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Ethical issues involving AI and education

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Privacy, surveillance, autonomy, and discrimination are ethical themes that may arise when developing an AI to assist disabled students in their learning. [6]

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To assist teaching, learning, and assessment through AI and gamification for students and teachers working with Khan Academy.

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Struggles of disabled students in online learning [5]

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Struggles of disabled students in online learning [5]

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Students with both physical and cognitive disabilities were interviewed to struggle with:
1. Digital literacy
2. Loss of human dignity (mistreatment by teaching staff)
3. Timed online assessments
4. Inaccessible design online or inaccessible learning formats (e.g. no braille for blind students)
5. Logistical difficulties in accessing accessible learning material (e.g. no delivery of physical documents if braille was needed)

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In terms of providing more accessible education, AI can aid in:
- Detecting what a student struggles with
- Detecting and adapting to a student's emotional state
- Adopting speech recognition technology
- Assistive robot mentors
- Providing assistance through educational chatbots

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Principles of accessible learning material [3]

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Principles of accessible learning material [3]

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1. Perceivable: students can intake the information no matter their physical ability
2. Operable: students can easily navigate through and interact with content
3. Understandable: the content is structured in a logical, predictable way
4. Robust: content can be accessed on a range of devices and interact with assistive technology

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(APA 7)
1. Morrison, B., DiSalvo, B. (2014). Khan Academy gamifies computer science. Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education, 39-44, http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2538862.2538946

2. Khan Academy. (2022). About. https://www.khanacademy.org/about
3. Australian Disability Clearinghouse on Education and Technology. (2022). Reasonable Adjustments in Online Learning. https://www.adcet.edu.au/disability-practitioner/reasonable-adjustments/online-learning
4. Dalipi, F., Zdravkova, K., Yildirim Yayilgan, S., Ferati, M. (2022). Reshaping the Future of Accessible Education with AI. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/31619/reshaping-the-future-of-accessible-education-with-ai#:~:text=The%20application%20of%20AI%20in,based%20learning%20tools%20and%20methods
5. Ketchell, M., (2021, July 8). Online learning can be hard for students with disabilities: how to help. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/online-learning-can-be-hard-for-students-with-disabilities-how-to-help-158650
6. Akgun, S. (2021, November 3). Exploring the ethics of artificial intelligence in K-12 education. Michigan State University. https://education.msu.edu/news/2021/exploring-the-ethics-of-artificial-intelligence-in-k-12-education/

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AI & gamification already existing in Khan Academy

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AI & gamification already existing in Khan Academy

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Khan Academy has a rudimentary self-assessment mechanism based on AI that involves simple short-answer and multiple choice quizzes to test the students' knowledge after the video-based "mini-lectures". Additionally, Khan Academy has gamified some of its platform by providing simple badges, points rewards, and maps to visually track progress. [1]

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It is recommended that Khan Academy further implements AI and gamification into their video-based learning system to increase the accessibility of their material for students with  physical or cognitive disabilities that hinder their learning ability. However, Khan Academy must take steps to ensure that the development and implementation of AI for disabled students does not cause further harm.

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Khan Academy is a private non-profit organisation that provides free online classes and teaching resources. Its mission is to provide a personalised learning resource for all ages. [2]

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How can AI and gamification be used to assist students with learning difficulties?

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AI and gamification for education