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A diaspora is a large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world.

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Ones from Mexico, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, and Cuba

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maintaining racial inequality without appearing racist

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U.S Hispanic population reached 62.5 million in 2021

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most global migration is from developing countries to ones that are developed.

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Examples of this include religious groups and cultural groups

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Global migration refers to the international movement of people across borders, either voluntary or involuntary.

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A specific example of this would be the migration, exile, and refugees of Syrians

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It is impossible to be “colorblind” and not see race

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Global migration helps economic growth

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Global migration can result from war, famine, or oppression within a country

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When people move to improve their economic situations, ensure a more secure living environment, re unite with their family members, and/or avoid persecution in their own country or region. 

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When people move to improve their economic situations, ensure a more secure living environment, re unite with their family members, and/or avoid persecution in their own country or region. 

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Global migration often happens to find work

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Hispanic population has decreased over the years and decrease in immigration

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Migration: Regular, repeated and large-scale movement between different sites of the home range.
Movement: Encompasses a hierarchy of displacements, ranging from a few feet to thousands of miles.

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Nationally, Latinos made up 19% of the U.S population in 2020

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Race is

Based on similar physical and biological attributes

very narrow

Ethnicity is

Broad

Based on cultural expression and place of origin

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Someone says, "I don't see color." Meaning that they do not recognize how they benefit from their whiteness.

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The international migration of people lies at the core of the ongoing process of globalization People migrate to improve their economic prospects, ensure a more secure living environment, re-unite with their family members, or avoid persecution in their country of origin

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The international migration of people lies at the core of the ongoing process of globalization People migrate to improve their economic prospects, ensure a more secure living environment, re-unite with their family members, or avoid persecution in their country of origin

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54% of black households earn less than 50k

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The culture of people from a specific geographic region
- Ex: language, religion, and customs

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Racial Formation highlights the way that race is socially constructed. 

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Racial Formation highlights the way that race is socially constructed. 

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- How do processes connected to social, economic, and political forces shape how racial categories and hierarchies are formed?

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Decrease in birth rates with Hispanic women in the U.S.

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Race: categories rooted in a belief that there are fundamental differences among humans. 

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Race: categories rooted in a belief that there are fundamental differences among humans. 

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helps to improve social life

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Account for 12.4% of all people living in the United States

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46.8 million people were self-identified as black in 2019

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Differences between black and white levels of education attainment have decreased, but there are still trends from the direct outcome of the 1960's.

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Diaspora is a Greek word for disperse and usually refers to the dispersion of Jewish people beyond Israel

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A form of racism that is embedded into laws and rules of a society or an organization

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More Mexicans have left the US than entered since the Great Recession.

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Roughly 14% of the country was black.

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Even blind people can detect and act by race, so how can someone who can see another person not see their race? Racial colorblindness is a lie

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RACE-Race is a social construct used to group people. Race was constructed as a hierarchal human-grouping system, generating racial classifications to identify, distinguish and marginalize some groups across nations, regions and the world. 

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RACE-Race is a social construct used to group people. Race was constructed as a hierarchal human-grouping system, generating racial classifications to identify, distinguish and marginalize some groups across nations, regions and the world. 

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More blacks are attending college now than in the 1960's, but a much higher portion of whites than blacks have a bachelor's degree.

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less obvious than overt racism

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75 percent high school graduation rate for Blacks, lower than any other demographic, even as the US reached record graduation dates.

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systemic racism

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According to Omi and Winant Racial formation is...

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According to Omi and Winant Racial formation is...

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"the sociohistorical process by which racial identifies are created, lived out, transformed, and destroyed"

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It relates to people moving and migrating around the world and spreading their culture as they go

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Decentralization is one of the most commonly used mechanisms to prevent ethnic conflict. It can help increase the well-being of minority groups by empowering them to create their own public policies.

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ETHNICITY-Ethnicity is the term used for the culture of people in a given geographic region or people descended from natives of that region. 

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ETHNICITY-Ethnicity is the term used for the culture of people in a given geographic region or people descended from natives of that region. 

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An opinion that is not based on reasoning
- Ex: negative opinions toward someone's race, religion, sexual orientation, or social status
- Hitler had a negative prejudice toward Jews which caused the Holocaust to happen. His opinions of this religion were not based on factual information.

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Blacks held 9.1% of managerial or professional jobs, while nearly three-quarters were held by whites.

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Unemployment rates of Blacks and Hispanics outstrip that of whites by same degree as 1960.

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Slavery in the U.S: slavery was instituted in the United States; constantly discriminated, belittled, and killed black people

Racial profiling: police arresting people of color more than white people; police seeing people of color more suspicious.

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Many Mexican-Americans resist assimilation into the dominant English-speaking culture and increasingly display pride in their own cultural identity within the US

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fixed and inflexible thoughts on objects

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People have a stereotype: "Boys should like blue and green. Girls should like red and pink." However, a stereotype sometimes refers to something good, such as "the British are proper."

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Social practices within schools, hospitals, businesses, and police departments

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More than 40 million black people live in the United States, making up around 13% of the nation’s population, according to 2016 Census Bureau estimates.

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More than 40 million black people live in the United States, making up around 13% of the nation’s population, according to 2016 Census Bureau estimates.

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People who are blamed for mistakes/wrongdoings that are done by others.

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Due to the nearly 300 years of slavery and overall oppression towards black Americans, the weath gap between white and black households is signigicant. White household savings and assets are $171,000, while for black households it is 17,000

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Black men earned 76 percent if the level of whites in 2016, so disparities still exist.

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“Not seeing” race removes peoples racial identities devaluing culture and implying that you can not be different. Difference is not a bad thing, people targeting and attacking these differences is the issue

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"Black Codes" - laws limiting the rights of Blacks

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Texas has the highest Black population in the U.S, with a 14% being Texas’s total population

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Former President Trump painted this group as "criminals" and "rapists" in his attempt to construct a border wall. This furthered discrimination against this group.

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Neighborhood segregation seems to have declined little over past quarter century. Discriminatory practices between black and white clients in housing market continues.

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police stop black people twice as much as white people at stop signs 

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police stop black people twice as much as white people at stop signs 

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Residential segregation is responsible for continued trends of poverty and and continued polarization of black and white.

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The number of global migrants is increasing slightly faster than the world's population

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Race - determines parts of our appearance
Ethnicity - determines part of how we think and the culture/beliefs we grew up around

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Texas has the highest Black population in the U.S, with a 14% being Texas’s total population

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Due to colonialism, white supremacy, and slavery, a white lens is engraved into american society, causing not only white people but people of color to view the world in white standard perspective

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Omi and Winant explained that the process is accomplished by "historically situated projects in which human bodies and social structures are represented and organized."

Projects: refers to a representation of race that situated it in social structure.

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Perhaps the most appropriate solution to eradicating ethnic separatist conflicts in Africa and other third world countries, most of which suffer from the same problems and issues, is to establish a democratic ethnic federal system, and the Ethiopian experience since the 1990s in establishing an ethnic federation gave it stability and development, and transferred it from a famine state to an industrial state and conquest The space.

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Perhaps the most appropriate solution to eradicating ethnic separatist conflicts in Africa and other third world countries, most of which suffer from the same problems and issues, is to establish a democratic ethnic federal system, and the Ethiopian experience since the 1990s in establishing an ethnic federation gave it stability and development, and transferred it from a famine state to an industrial state and conquest The space.

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Schools that serve majority black and Latino students are also predominantly low income (double segregation)

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The United States has the highest number of migrants in the world, over 15% of the population were born in a foreign country

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White privilege: make plans to hang out with people of their own race most of the time. This is colorblind racism because it isn't an intent to be racist but still creates a division or inequality.

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India has the largest diaspora population with over 18 million people living outside their home country, mostly in the UAE, US and Saudi Arabia

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Disparities in infant mortality between white and Black have dropped by 30 percent since the 1960s.

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Migration Patterns and Tendencies (1993)

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Migration Patterns and Tendencies (1993)

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Book by Stephen Castles and Mark Miller exploring migration and the reasons behind people moving from one place to another. Although there are many different reasons people may move and no all encompassing answer, it is usually to improve well being or economic status.

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"The current global estimate is that there were around 281 million international migrants in the world in 2020, which equates to 3.6 per cent of the global population." (World Migration Report 2022).

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Castles and Miller, Migration Pattern Tendencies

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Castles and Miller, Migration Pattern Tendencies

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There is higher volume of migration out of the South into the North than from the North into the South so migration isn't evenly dispersed. For example, there are more people migrating into the United States from Spanish speaking counties like Mexico than there are people migrating to Mexico from the United States.

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A person of color being misdiagnosed in a hospital because the "textbook" symptoms are not based on other people of color

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One example of systemic racism is “Red lining” which targeted black neighborhoods severely impacting economic gain and opportunities

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The Holocaust is an example of ethnic conflict/violence in that it was the killing of Jews, Slavs, European Roma, disabled persons, Jehovah's witnesses, homosexuals, and political and religious nonconformists

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an ethnic conflict in Africa is the Nigerian Civil War between the southern Igbo and the northern Hausa. This was over ethnic cleansings

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HIV, homicide, heart disease and cancer death rates for Black people have dropped, improving their life expectancy.

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While there remains a black-white gap in life expectancy, the average age to which an individual at birth can expect to live - this gap has also decreased in recent years.

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Is the discrimination of a person or a group of people based on their race or ethnicity.
Example: Segregation in the United States from 1849 to 1950

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Another example of ethnic conflict is the Biafra War, or the Nigerian Civil War. This war shows ethnic conflict in Africa