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Philippines' COVID-19 Employment Challenge: Labor Market Programs to the Rescue (RESEARCHED BY KARL FRANCIS S. GARDE)

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URL: https://blogs.adb.org/blog/philippines-covid-19-employment-challenge-labor-market-programs-to-rescue
TITLE:

Philippines’ COVID-19 Employment Challenge: Labor Market Programs to the Rescue
AUTHOR: Kelly Bird, Cristina Lozano, Teresa Mendoza
DATE: 4 June 2021
KEY CONTENT: The blog post talks about how the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the Philippines' employment. They talk about how there was an increase in unemployed workers during the pandemic. They also suggest solutions to help with the unemployment situation in the Philippines.

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As the Philippines rebounds from the pandemic, strengthening labor market programs will be critical to help workers and enterprises make the transition.

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines was experiencing its longest ever economic and job expansion. There was remarkable growth in wage and salary employment (a measure of modern employment), growing at an average of 4.6% annually from 2015 to 2019.

This rapid expansion in modern employment was strong enough to pull workers away from the informal sector in such big numbers that total informal employment was shrinking for the first time ever in the Philippines.

Unfortunately, the pandemic reversed some of these gains, wiping out 1.7 million wage and salary jobs in the 12 months to January 2021. In contrast, employment in the informal sector rose by about 435,000. The pandemic could create long lasting effects on employment. Put simply, this temporary large shock to the economy might produce a persistently lower employment rate even after the economy has started to grow again. This phenomenon is known as hysteresis in employment.

There are three transmission channels of the pandemic on modern employment. First, there will be a higher number of jobseekers, including people who lost their jobs, school dropouts and new labor market entrants. The longer laid-off workers and new labor market entrants remain unemployed, the more likely they become less employable in the future because of lost skills.

Second, the pandemic has triggered a large re-allocation of jobs across sectors. While job losses have occurred across most sectors, the hardest-hit sectors are those dependent on personal contact, such as accommodation, food services, transportation, and recreational services. In contrast, the sectors that recover quickly and present positive job growth are those that tend to absorb lower shares of labor such as communications and technology and several higher-skilled services sectors.

While a share of these jobs will return as the economy bounces back, we expect this change in the employment composition to persist in the medium to long term. This divergence will increase skills mismatches in the labor market, as workers do not transition easily between sectors given differences in required skills and experiences.

Third, companies are modifying their business models to rely more on technology, thereby reshaping their workforces and the types of skills demanded by employers. Digital transformation and remote working will transform jobs, facilities, processes, and skills needs, including skills required for higher value-added services. These will further exacerbate the skills mismatch in the labor market.

What are the policy lessons for employment? The early evidence from other countries suggests that policies should support workers' labor market transitions as well as enterprises. Below we discuss five global best practices for addressing hysteresis in employment.

Wage subsidies. This has proven to be the single most effective tool for saving jobs. It does this by keeping workers attached to their employers during periods of lockdown and slow recovery in business activities. The Philippines' wage subsidy program of P46 billion in 2020 was well-designed and successfully implemented with 3.1 million workers receiving subsidies. The government is planning for a second round of wage subsidies this time targeted to workers in specific sectors.

Hiring subsidies. As the economic recovery takes hold, governments will phase out wage subsidies and some are considering replacing them with hiring subsidies to help facilitate the reallocation of displaced workers into new jobs.

Workplace skills funding schemes. Countries that have successfully upgraded workers' skills have done so through industry and employer-led skills training schemes. Skillnet Ireland provides networks of employers with annual matching grants to fund their short-term training of workers. Employers from a sector or locality formalize a network of at least 30 enterprises.

The network is responsible for designing and implementing the training program. In 2013, ADB assisted the Philippines' Department of Tourism with piloting a similar scheme with tourism enterprises. Forty-eight grants were provided and over 7,000 tourism employees were trained at a cost of Php8,000. This proved a cost-effective model for reskilling workers. This year, ADB is launching a larger pilot for funding enterprise-led skills training programs to assist with reskilling and job transition in tourism, construction, and other selected sectors.

Industry-led apprenticeship programs. In the Philippines, flaws in apprenticeship programs have resulted in an extremely low uptake in apprenticeships creating skills shortages. Drawing on international best practices, apprenticeship reforms should include setting up an apprenticeship council to oversee policy, industry-led development of apprenticeship programs, progressive salary scales, extending apprenticeships from 6 months to 2-4 years, and extending apprenticeship programs to modern services like legal, finance and communication occupations.

Unemployment insurance. The Philippines' unemployment insurance scheme offers limited coverage. Adequate unemployment insurance provides workers with income stability and helps them transition to new jobs. A good example is Malaysia's program, which uses a national pooled insurance fund in which both employers and employees make monthly contributions. The government provides funding if there is a financing gap and workers quality only if involuntarily unemployed. In Chile, another good example, employers and employees make monthly contributions to an account in the name of the employee. This is complemented by the Solidarity Unemployment Fund, which employees can access only after depleting their individual savings accounts. The Chilean scheme does not create contingent fiscal liabilities.

Workers in the Philippines will be facing a challenging next few years as the country rebounds from the pandemic. Further strengthening of active labor market programs will be critical for helping workers and enterprises to make this transition.

Published: 4 June 2021

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Philippines' COVID-19 Employment Challenge: Labor Market Programs to the Rescue

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As the Philippines rebounds from the pandemic, strengthening labor market programs will be critical to help workers and enterprises make the transition. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines was experiencing its longest ever economic and job expansion.

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Unemployment Rate in October 2021 is Estimated at 7.4 Percent | Philippine Statistics Authority (RESERCHED BY: KARL FRANCIS S. GARDE)

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URL: https://psa.gov.ph/content/unemployment-rate-october-2021-estimated-74-percent
TITLE:

Unemployment Rate in October 2021 is Estimated at 7.4 Percent
AUTHOR: DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D.
DATE: December 7, 2021
KEY CONTENT: Unemployment rate from October 2021 has decreased from the past year by 1.3%.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, in October 2020, Unemployment Rate reached 8.7%. In January 2021, it reached 8.8%, going up by 0.1%. In April 2021, it went down to 8.7%. In July 2021, it went down to 6.9%, the lowest recorded as of October 2021. In August 2021, it went up again to 8.1%. In September 2021, it reached 8.9%, the highest recorded. Lastly, in October 2021, it went down to 7.4%.

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Highlights of the October 2021 Labor Force Survey

a. The unemployment rate of the country in October this year was the third lowest reported in 2021 at 7.4 percent. The lowest reported was in July 2021 estimated at 6.9 percent, followed by 7.1 percent in March 2021. Unemployment rate was highest this year in September 2021 at 8.9 percent. (Table A)

b. In terms of magnitude, the total number of unemployed persons 15 years old and over in October 2021 was registered at 3.50 million. It was lower by 309 thousand from the total unemployed persons reported in October 2020 (3.81million). (Table A)

c. The labor force participation rate (LFPR) in October 2021 was estimated at 62.6 percent, translating to 47.33 million who are either employed or unemployed. This is higher than the LFPR reported in the same quarter last year at 58.7 percent but lower than the September 2021 LFPR at 63.3 percent. In terms of magnitude, there was a year-on-year increment of 3.68 million individuals in the labor force from the 43.65 million in October 2020. (Table A)

d. Employment in the country improved with a reported 43.83 million employed persons in October 2021 from 39.84 million employed persons in the same period last year. In July 2021, number of employed persons was registered at 41.67 million. (Table 2 and Table A)

Employment rate posted a month-on-month increase from 91.1 percent in September 2021 to 92.6 percent this October 2021. (Table A)

e. The average weekly hours worked of an employed person reduced to 39.7 hours per week in October 2021 from 40.8 hours per week in October 2020. This was also lower than the 41.8 hours per week in July 2021. (Table 2 and Table A)

f. In October 2021, employed persons reported to have worked less than 40 hours in a week was estimated at 36.6 percent, higher than the 30.6 percent in July 2021. On the other hand, employed persons who worked 40 hours and over was estimated at 62.4 percent in October 2021. (Table 2 and Table B)

g. Underemployment rate or employed persons who expressed desire to have additional hours of work in their present job or to have an additional job, or to have a new job with longer hours of work was registered at 16.1 percent in October 2021. This was lower than the 20.9 percent reported in July 2021 but higher than the October 2020 estimate of 14.4 percent. (Table A)

h. In October 2021, LFPR was higher among men at 74.9 percent compared to women at 50.2 percent. The employment rate for men was reported at 92.8 percent while the employment rate for women was at 92.3 percent. Moreover, men had higher underemployment rate 18.0 percent than their women counterpart at 13.1 percent. (Table D)

i. By broad industry group, the services sector continued to dominate the employment market having the largest share of employed persons of about 57.6 percent. The agriculture and the industry sectors accounted for 24.6 percent and 17.8 percent of the employed persons, respectively. (Table 1)

In terms of year-on-year change, the top five sub-sectors with the highest increase on the number of employed persons from October 2020 to October 2021 were the following:

a. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor and motorcycles(1.32 million);
b. Agriculture and fishery (990 thousand);
c. Manufacturing (297 thousand);
d. Public administration and defense, compulsory social security (287 thousand);
e. Other service activities (239 thousand); also

In terms of quarter-on-quarter change, the top five sub-sectors with the highest increase in the number of employed persons from July 2021 to October 2021, were compose of:

a. Agriculture and forestry (1.35 million)
b. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor and motorcycles (1.20 million);
c. Fishing and aquaculture (234 thousand);
d. Public administration and defense; compulsory social security. (102 thousand);
e. Human health and social work activities (84 thousand); and

In contrast, the top five major industries with the largest decline in employment from October 2020 to October 2021 were as follows:

a. Construction (-310 thousand);
b. Transportation and storage (-156 thousand);
c. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor and motorcycles (-151 thousand);
d. Other service activities (-118 thousand);
e. Arts, entertainment and recreation (-54 thousand).
(Table 2 and Table B)

j. At the regional level, six regions posted unemployment rates higher than the national figure of 7.4 percent in October 2021, namely: CALABARZON (10.3%), MIMAROPA (10.0%), NCR (9.2%), Region V (9.0%), Region I (8.4%) and Region VIII (7.6%). (Table 4)

k. Youth labor force participation rate (LFPR) was reported at 35.7 percent in October 2021. This was higher than the reported 33.9 percent on the same period last year and the reported youth LFPR in July 2021 at 33.3 percent. Unemployment rate among the youth was 15.1 percent in October 2021 which is lower than the unemployment rate in October 2020 (19.4%) and July 2021 (15.4%).

Youth employment rate increased to 84.9 percent in October 2021 from 80.6 percent in the same month of 2020. Among the employed youth, 14.6 percent were underemployed, this was higher than the reported 12.5 percent in October 2020. (Table A)

DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D.
Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

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Unemployment Rate in October 2021 is Estimated at 7.4 Percent | Philippine Statistics Authority

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
a. The unemployment rate of the country in October this year was the third lowest reported in 2021 at 7.4 percent. The lowest reported was in July 2021 estimated at 6.9 percent, followed by 7.1 percent in March 2021. Unemployment rate was highest this year in September 2021 at 8.9 percent.

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Northern Mindanao unemployment hits 15-year high in April (RESEARCHED BY: KARL FRANCIS S. GARDE)

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URL: https://www.rappler.com/business/263283-northern-mindanao-unemployment-record-high-2020-coronavirus/
TITLE:

Northern Mindanao unemployment hits 15-year high in April
AUTHOR: BOBBY LAGSA
DATE: JUN 9, 2020
KEY CONTENT: Shows how Unemployed workers, in the height of COVID-19, has more than doubled in Northern Mindanao in April 2020.

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The Philippine Statistics Authority says the number of jobless people in Northern Mindanao rose to 236,000 in April 2020 - more than double the number of unemployed workers in April 2019 - due to the coronavirus pandemic

CAGAYAN DE ORO, Philippines - Unemployment in Northern Mindanao hit a 15-year high of 11.1% in April because of stalled business operations due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

PSA Region 10 director Ruben Abaro Jr said that based on PSA data, there are 236,000 unemployed workers in the region as of April - more than twice as much as the number of jobless people in the region in April 2019, when the unemployment rate stood at 5%.

"In terms of magnitude, the total number of unemployed individuals as of April 2020 reached 236,000, higher than the recorded unemployed persons in April 2019 at 121,000," he said.

"In other words, there are 115,000 more individuals who are unemployed as of April 2020 as compared to the same period in the previous year which reflects the impact of COVID-19 economic shutdown on the labor market," Abaro added.

Abaro said the Northern Mindanao unemployment rate in January 2020, or before the coronavirus outbreak in the country, was only at 3.2%.

Northern Mindanao's unemployment rate as of April is lower than the national average of unemployment rate at 17.7%, Abaro said. (READ: PH unemployment at all-time high with 7.3 million jobless in April)

Meanwhile, the region's employment rate dropped to 88.9% in April 2020 from 96.8% in January 2020, the PSA said.

"This translates to a decrease in the employed persons by around 400,000, that is, from 2.3 million employed persons in April 2019 to 1.9 million persons in April 2020," Abaro explained.

The regional chapter of the Association of Labor Unions- Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (ALU-TUCP) said that the government must fast track its economic stimulus program to help workers and businesses. (READ: Business groups press Duterte for 'more substantial' economic plan vs virus)

"The government must act on this fast (economic stimulus) that is aimed to help create work or help our workers that lost their jobs because of the pandemic," said Nicanor Borja, ALU-TUCP director for Region 10.

Borja said that any delay in the economic stimulus package will increase the unemployment rate as businesses would not be able to survive the crisis.

"Immediate economic release to help our workers who lost their jobs including companies that have shut down, they should provide actions so they can continue with their business that will also help our workers, there will be no jobs if there is no businesses, that is why we are asking out government to fast track the economic stimulus to solve our problems," Borja said.

Mylah Faye Aurora Cariño, National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Region 10 director, said that Northern Mindanao suffered economic losses amounting to P17.86 billion for the period March 15 to May 31.

Region 10 is composed of 5 province and 9 cities. The provinces are Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental, and Misamis Oriental; while the cities are cities: Cagayan de Oro, El Salvador, Gingoog, Malaybalay, Valencia, Oroquieta, Ozamiz, Tangub and Iligan.

It has a population of 4.6 million based on the 2015 census.

- Rappler.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Northern Mindanao unemployment hits 15-year high in April

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Philippine Statistics Authority says the number of jobless people in Northern Mindanao rose to 236,000 in April 2020 - more than double the number of unemployed workers in April 2019 - due to the coronavirus pandemic CAGAYAN DE ORO, Philippines - Unemployment in Northern Mindanao hit a 15-year high of 11.1% in April because of stalled business operations due to the coronavirus pandemic, according to data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY : RUEL B. PEÑALOGA)
URL :
http://rsso11.psa.gov.ph/article/2018-2020-Labor-Force-Survey-Results-in-Davao-Region
TITLE: DAVAO REGION'S UNDEREMPLOYMENT RATE IN THE COUNTRY IS AT 13%
AUTHOR :  PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY.
DATE : MARCH 2 2022
KEY CONTENT: statistical research about the unemployment rates and demand of the people in davao region.

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY : RUEL B. PEÑALOGA)
URL : https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230627383_7
TITLE : UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOR LAWS, AND ECONOMIC POLICIES.
AUTHOR: JESSE FELIPE AND LEONARDO LANZONA JR.
DATE: MAY 19,M 2005
KEY CONTENT: Showcases how fatal unemployment and underemployment is in the philippines. researched by professionals.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Abstract

Unemployment and underemployment are the Philippines' most important problems and the key indicators of the weaknesses of the economy. Today, around 4 million workers (about 12% of the labor force) are unemployed and another 5 million (around 17% of those employed) are underemployed. This Reserve Army of workers is a reflection of what happens in the economy, particularly because of its incapacity to provide jobs (especially in the formal sector) to its growing labor force. The social costs of this mass unemployment range from income losses to severe social and psychological problems resulting from not having a job and feeling insecure about the future. Overall, it causes a massive social inefficiency.

Keywords
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The authors thank participants at the workshop, Employment Creation, Labor Markets, and Growth in the Philippines (19 May 2005, Manila) for their comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of the chapter. They also thank Rana Hasan for useful discussions on labor market issues.

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References

International Labour Organization. 2005. Minimum Wages Database. Available: http://www.ilo.org/travaildatabase/servelet/minimumwages (downloaded 11 May).

Google Scholar

National Statistical Coordination Board. Various years. National Income Accounts. Makati City. National Statistics Office. Various years. Annual Census of Establishments. Sta. Mesa.

Google Scholar

National Wages and Productivity Commission. 2005. "Wage Statistics." Department of Labor and Employment. Available: http://www.nwpc.dole.gov.ph/statistic.html (downloaded April).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

1. Economics and Research Department, Asian Development Bank, Philippines

Jesus Felipe

2. Economics Department, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines

Leonardo Lanzona Jr.

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Asian Development Bank, Philippines

Jesus Felipe & Rana Hasan &

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© 2006 Asian Development Bank

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Felipe, J., Lanzona, L. (2006). Unemployment, Labor Laws, and Economic Policies in the Philippines. In: Felipe, J., Hasan, R. (eds) Labor Markets in Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230627383_7

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Unemployment, Labor Laws, and Economic Policies in the Philippines

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Unemployment and underemployment are the Philippines' most important problems and the key indicators of the weaknesses of the economy. Today, around 4 million workers (about 12% of the labor force) are unemployed and another 5 million (around 17% of those...

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY : RUEL B. PEÑALOGA)
URL :  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OSRRZEExk2g
TITLE : UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES.
AUTHORS : JULIET, ANUARA, SHAINA, PRINCESS AND GRACE.
DATE : DEC 21,2021
KEY CONTENT: This ted talk/ lecture talks about how the covid 19 pandemic worsened the unemployment rates in the Philippines. this talk also educates us the effects of unemployment rates in the Philippines whilst the pandemic was happening.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Unemployment in the Philippines During the COVID-19 Pandemic - V-ADVOGRAPHIC

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY: SANDEE C. ABALOS)
URL: https://youtu.be/MEkSmB9Pbyw
TITLE:

Philippines: Dealing With Joblessness & Underemployment

AUTHOR: World Bank
DATE:  May 8, 2014
KEY CONTENT: Filipinos talk about how they deal with joblessness and underemployment. The main aim of the video is to help others who are jobless to generate ideas and other ways they can do to be able to sustain life. In the video they shared their experiences with having no jobs and how they cope up to survive life, so that they can find jobs that can suit them for the time being. They inspire many people to work hard and have patience in life.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Philippines: Dealing With Joblessness & Underemployment | World Bank Group

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Philippines: Dealing With Joblessness & Underemployment | World Bank Group

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY: SANDEE C. ABALOS)
URL:https://www.facebook.com/defendjobPH/photos/a.1660835837335801/4199958823423477/?__cft__[0]=AZWfLM5HbWJW_fyWsnJhAzeLc5CpCzAIFXx8Oy1jKWrWjK_7dtL8bhTG9vrHe_nHxBw-6WqVce9N_C0xweuWKdlOGraJ7oz7hK8v8YUsxAcLoxNzJRr5yVPHfvydt3lv2bqaYhgnouVk7twpYxmeuILcfWcrQNzzbQNqLeaf9rVUHjJM7m47ro1fHzMCc4KSHFi9c0Mf7UPQ9PAHU3iaaDreLZNDXfa3ZRUK_fuNiRwncPOdcS4Mq8Pr8Ba-MFJFucE&__tn__=EH-y-R
TITLE:  Defend Jobs Philippines : Unemployment Resolution
AUTHOR: Defend Jobs Philippines
DATE: July 22, 2021
KEY CONTENT: During pre-pandemic in 2019, unemployment rate hits a historic 4.7 million figure. It even got worse and reach 5.8 million by the end of 2020 and peaked at 27.3 million at the hype of the pandemic. Even with or without the COVID-19 pandemic. The employment crisis in the country existed and even got worse, causing many Filipino unemployed people to be in a state of crisis in their everyday expenses for their sustainability because of the said crisis.

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY: SANDEE C. ABALOS)
URL: https://youtu.be/OPlxZTtq3nk
TITLE:

PH unemployment rate steady at 6.4%; 3.1-M Filipinos jobless

AUTHOR: ANC 24/7
DATE: April 7, 2022
KEY CONTENT: The Philippines unemployment rate maxed out on the estimated number of 3.1 Million Filipinos who are jobless because of the said omicron virus, and also because of the virus more Filipinos  might still lose their jobs and experience financial hardship throughout this pandemic according to the news.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
PH unemployment rate steady at 6.4%; 3.1-M Filipinos jobless | ANC

# data[].attributes.body
(RESEARCHED BY:JING WEN,KE)
URL:https://open.spotify.com/episode/2queyXVWpt9GEpQcgfcEJw
TITLE:  Beyond the Stories: Mga problema ng manggagawa hatid ng pandemya

AUTHORS:Jodesz Gavilan
DATE: May 7,2021
KEY CONTENT: This podcast says the pandemic not only threatens our security, but also affects our nation's employment rate. At the beginning of the epidemic, the unemployment rate in our country reached its peak, which made it impossible for many low lying families to survive because no one in the family could find a job and have no money to buy the things they need.

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Mga problema ng manggagawa hatid ng pandemya

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Listen to this episode from Newsbreak: Beyond the Stories | Hosted by Jodesz Gavilan on Spotify. Paano tunay na matutulungan ng gobyerno ang mga manggagawa? Pakinggan ang talakayan nina Ralf Rivas, Aika Rey, at Jodesz Gavilan.

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(RESEARCHED BY:JING WEN,KE)
URL:https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-and-employment/labor-force-survey/title/Employment%20Rate%20in%20June%202022%20is%20Estimated%20at%2094.0
TITLE: Employment Rate in June 2022 is Estimated at 94.0
AUTHORS:DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D.
DATE: August 8, 2022
KEY CONTENT: The Philippine Statistics Authority wrote that the youth employment rate and unemployment rate in the Philippines in June 2022 were both improving. The data showed that the youth employment rate increased to 88.2 percent in June 2022, from 87.9 percent in May of the same year. Underemployed youth decreased from 745 thousand in May 2022 to 653 thousand in June 2022.

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Table A-1. Results from the June 2022 Labor Force Survey (LFS)

Highlights of the June 2022 Labor Force Survey

a. The country's employment rate in June 2022 remained the same as the 94.0 percent employment rate reported a month ago. This was higher than the employment rate of 92.3 percent registered in the same period of 2021. (Table A)

b. In terms of magnitude, 46.59 million Filipinos who are 15 years old and over were employed in June 2022. This was higher by 508 thousand compared to the 46.08 million employed in May 2022. (Table A)

c. Unemployment rate in June 2022 also remained unchanged at 6.0 percent compared to May 2022. This translates to 2.99 million unemployed Filipinos out of 49.58 million who were in the labor force in June 2022. The June 2022 unemployment rate was lower than the registered rate in June 2021 at 7.7 percent. (Table A)

d. The labor force participation rate (LFPR) in June 2022 was registered at 64.8 percent or about 49.58 million Filipinos who were either employed or unemployed. This was lower than the LFPR reported in the same period in 2021 at 65.1 percent. On the other hand, the June 2022 LFPR was higher than the LFPR reported in January (60.5%), February (63.8%) and April (63.4%) and May (64.0%) but lower than the LFPR reported in March (65.4%) this year. (Table A)

e. The average weekly hours worked by an employed person in June 2022 was estimated at 40.3 hours per week, higher than the mean hours worked obtained in May 2022 (39.8 hours) and in June 2021 (39.0 hours). (Tables A and 2)

f. Underemployment rate in June 2022 was down to 12.6 percent, from 14.5 percent in May 2022. This translates to a decrease of 780 thousand underemployed person from 6.67 million in May 2022 to 5.89 million in June 2022. (Table A).

Visible underemployment rate or the proportion of underemployed persons working less than 40 hours in a week was estimated at 8.5 percent in June 2022, lower than the registered rate in May 2022 and June 2021 both at 9.8 percent.

On the other hand, invisible underemployment rate or the proportion of underemployed persons working at least 40 hours in a week was placed at 4.2 percent in June 2022. This estimate was lower compared to the reported invisible underemployment rate of 4.4 percent in the same period last year. (Table A)

g. Among men and women, the LFPR in June 2022 was higher among men (76.3%) than women (53.2%). Employment rate for men was higher at 94.6 percent compared to 93.1 percent for women. In terms of unemployment rate, men had lower unemployment rate at 5.4 percent compared to their women counterpart at 6.9 percent. On contrary, men had higher underemployment rate at 14.1 percent while women had 10.5 percent. (Table D)

h. By broad industry group, the services sector remained as the dominant employment hub absorbing 56.5 percent of the total employed persons in June 2022. The agriculture and the industry sectors accounted for 24.5 percent and 19.0 percent of the employed persons, respectively. (Tables 1 and B)

Month-on-month, largest increases in the number of employed persons from May to June 2022 were noted in some subsectors with the following as the top five subsectors:

a. Agriculture and forestry (1.26 million);
b. Public administration and defense; compulsory social security (164 thousand);
c. Education (141 thousand);
d. Mining and quarrying (138 thousand); and
e. Other service activities (132 thousand).

In contrast, the top five subsectors in terms of decreases in employment were noted in the following:

a. Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (-1.22 million);
b. Manufacturing (-101 thousand);
c. Accommodation and food service activities (-91 thousand);
d. Transportation and storage (-90 thousand); and
e. Financial and Insurance activities (-55 thousand).
(Table B)

i. Youth LFPR in June 2022 decreased to 35.9 percent, from 36.2 percent in the previous month. On the other hand, youth employment rate increased to 88.2 percent in June 2022, from 87.9 percent in May of the same year. Underemployed youth decreased from 745 thousand in May 2022 to 653 thousand in June 2022. The number of underemployed youth in June 2022 out of the 6.37 million employed youth resulted to a 10.3 percent underemployment rate during the period. Youth unemployment rate also dropped to 11.8 percent, from 12.1 percent in May 2022. (Table A)

(Sgd.) DENNIS S. MAPA, Ph.D.
Undersecretary
National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

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a. The country's employment rate in June 2022 remained the same as the 94.0 percent employment rate reported a month ago. This was higher than the employment rate of 92.3 percent registered in the same period of 2021. (Table A) b.

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(RESEARCHED BY:JING WEN,KE)
URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fp9uRsmTWqg
TITLE: COVID curbs push unemployment rate to 8.9% in September
AUTHORS: AL Jazeera English

DATE: November  10,2021
KEY CONTENT: This documentary shows us that when the epidemic came, the employment rate in the Philippines dropped seriously (because many companies and stores closed).People were looking for work every day, but no reply was received, causing many Philippines low lying families to live more hard.

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Philippines: COVID curbs push unemployment rate to 8.9% in September

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Visit Slum above the sea in the Philippines(davao, Mindanao)~vlog~フィリピンの海上スラム8

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(RESEARCHED BY:JING WEN,KE)
URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahq8TTKcPac
TITLE: Visit Slum above the sea in the Philippines(davao, Mindanao)~vlog~フィリピンの海上スラム8
AUTHOR: Bahaykuboyama Philippines
DATE: April 13,2019
KEY CONTENT:A foreigner visited the slums above the sea in the Philippines Mindanao. He found that Mindanao has many people who are unemployment issues for low lying families and live in slums built from the sea.

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Visit Slum above the sea in the Philippines(davao, Mindanao)~vlog~フィリピンの海上スラム

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We visit the slums above the sea in the Philippines. There are scholars who live in there. We visit her house and go around the slum. People in there are so kind, they live as one big family. It is my first time to visit this kind of slum.

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(RESEARCHED BY: SANDEE C. ABALOS)
URL: https://youtu.be/14yeyrVEVMM
TITLE:  One Mindanao: Hunger Incidence

AUTHOR:  GMA Regional TV
DATE: September 29, 2020
KEY CONTENT: Hunger Incidence in Davao city and other regions in Mindanao because of the unemployment issues for low lying families.