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Telemedicine refers to the delivery of healthcare services remotely through the means of technology, i.e., phone calls and video calls. In most cases, telemedicine is used to overcome the physical distance between the patient and the care provider or assist patients who have difficulty leaving their house, like the elderly or patients with disabilities. Additionally, in the recent case of COVID-19, telemedicine is being used to substitute the in-person delivery of healthcare, thus reducing the risks of contracting the virus. In fact, the spread of contagious diseases can be reduced through the use of telemedicine since individuals will no longer have to be exposed to infected people in crowded waiting rooms.

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Telemedicine is a new direction in medicine

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Telemedicine is a new direction in medicine

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Naturally, the concept we are considering includes a very wide range of tasks and solutions. In the most general form, they are divided into two large categories: "doctor-patient" and "doctor-doctor". In practice, there are many areas of telemedicine that can be grouped according to the main criteria of specialization. The main directions today include:

Doctor-patient solutions

Telemedicine consultations for patients.

Remote biomonitoring.

Solutions like "doctor-doctor"
Emergency consultations for doctors.
Broadcast of operations in real time.                                   Distance learning and professional development.
There are others, but for a general understanding of the technology's capabilities, these five are enough, which, in fact, are the main ones today. Each of them should be considered separately.

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The development of telemedicine in the world

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The development of telemedicine in the world

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According to experts, telemedicine remains, first of all,
remote diagnostics, but its potential is much wider.
Network technologies provide the possibility of documentary transmission of medical histories when transferring patients from clinic to clinic, prompt resolution of insurance and payment issues, new opportunities for advanced training of doctors, widespread introduction of new medical technologies and methods, remote medical
consultations, consultations, teleconferences, and telemanipulation (remote control of equipment and even surgical interventions at a distance). The first country to put telemedicine on a practical track was Norway, where
there are a large number of places that are difficult to access for traditional medical care.The second project was carried out in France for sailors of the civil and military
fleets. And today it is difficult to name a Western European country where telemedicine projects would not develop. The sessions of "telemedicine" received a special scope in the USA. Currently, many countries and international organizations are developing numerous telemedicine projects. WHO is developing the idea of creating
a global telecommunications network in medicine. This refers to the electronic exchange of scientific documents and information, its accelerated search with access via
telecommunications networks, video conferences, correspondence discussions and meetings, electronic voting.

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The mobile telemedicine complex (MTM) is designed to provide specialized and qualified medical care to the population in hard-to-reach and remote areas with an insufficiently high level of medical support, in the centers of natural disasters and man-made disasters. The essence of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the functioning of the MTC through medical triage. For this purpose, MTMC contains a vehicle-like vehicle and diagnostic equipment mounted on this vehicle, a video conferencing unit and a sequentially connected information input permission unit, an information input unit, an information processing unit, a wireless communication unit and a satellite communication unit, as well as a telemedicine station, a victim sorting unit and a control unit.

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The first direction is the use of videoconferencing systems (both hardware and software) for distance learning on various issues of clinical medicine and healthcare organization. Extensive literature is devoted to this issue. It is proved that regional and national networks of telemedicine centers (offices, points) are effectively used as an infrastructure basis for interactive remote lectures, seminars and trainings.the use of telemedicine systems provides an opportunity for "more ethical" and effective supervision of severe patients by students. For example, the experience of cooperation between university clinics in Australia and the USA has been published, during which training synchronous telemedicine consultations were conducted via videoconference to demonstrate, analyze and discuss patients who received dialysis and palliative care for severe kidney pathology. According to the authors of the work, this approach provided a deeper familiarization of second-year students with the problems of assessing the quality of life of patients, understanding the principles of patient-centered healthcare. Also, a more ethical and comfortable (for all participants in the process) scenario of student curation has been implemented

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Types of teleconferences and server.Participation in online and offline teleconferences.

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Types of teleconferences and server.Participation in online and offline teleconferences.

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Types of teleconferencing
Teleconferences are classified according to the following parameters:

The method of organizing the exchange of information. Select conferences in delayed mode or in real time. The first type includes mailing lists and newsgroups, and the second type includes conferences organized using IRC (Internet Relay Chat) protocols.

According to the method of managing the conference. There are simulated and non-simulated meetings. In the first case, there is a moderator who manages the conference. It is absent in non-simulated meetings.

By the level of access to materials. There are open and closed meetings. If a closed teleconference is selected by the user, registration is required without fail.

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Participation in an online teleconference
Online teleconference allows participants to exchange information in real time. Data transmission is carried out via telecommunication communication channels that provide opportunities for interactive communication.
Telepresence becomes an addition to the standard conference. It is a set of technologies used to get users' impressions about staying in a place other than their real location.Participation in online teleconferences ensures prompt decision-making and rapid exchange of information in various formats, which is especially important for organizations wishing to reduce the time and financial costs of traveling to partners or clients to agree on all terms of cooperation.
Participation in an offline teleconference
The name of the teleconference is made up of several parts, which are separated by dots. Usually three or four steps are used to create a name. To be able to read the news conference messages and send them to your users, you need to create an account for the news server. Subscribers who have an account in Outlook Express can use it to read news in the panel with the appropriate name.Conferences are searched in the "Subscribe to a newsgroup" dialog box. After connecting to the server, the user is provided with a list of supported newsgroups. Loading a large list takes longer and may take several minutes. To search for a conference by topic, you can use a special field by entering the appropriate data into it.Users have the opportunity to subscribe to teleconferences in order to have regular access to them and their content. Messages that interest readers can get a lot of answers and comments. To make it easier to follow the discussion, subscribers can group the message by topic of discussion. The message can also be arranged using the "View" menu, where you can set the appropriate settings.

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The purpose of conducting and participating in the teleconference

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The purpose of conducting and participating in the teleconference

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A teleconference is a meeting in which persons geographically remote from each other can take part, for which telecommunication means are used. Network users are united by common interests and become authors of operational and diverse information. The teleconference, implemented in real time, provides participants with the following opportunities:

exchange of documents, images, audio and/or video information;

conducting a dialogue to discuss various topics and solve problems;

saving time and money, increasing labor productivity, which is associated with the absence of the need to move to meet with partners and clients;

The teleconference in document viewing mode is held offline and uses a database with publicly available records and statements of participants on the topic of discussion.