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The demographic transition model's fourth phase, marked by low birth and death rates and population stabilization, has been reached by the US, Canada, and Japan. The fertility and mortality patterns in these nations show a mature demographic profile, with relatively low birth and death rates. A stable or slowly expanding population is the hallmark of this stage, and demographic data suggest that society has experienced substantial social and economic advancement. Higher quality of life per capita and gross domestic product are significant factors of advanced economic development, which affects health care and health standards.

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(2020 information)

Japan

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=Approximately 1.9 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 7.9 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 11.1 deaths per 1,000

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 1.4 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $40,240 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 84.6 years

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(2020 information)

Canada

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=4.3 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=10.1 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =8.5 deaths per 1,000

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approx 1.5 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $44,920 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 82.4 years

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(2020 information)

United States

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=5.2 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 11.9 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 8.9 deaths per 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=1.6 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=$63,416 USD

Life expectancy=77.3 years

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In terms of demographic transition, Brazil, China and India are in phase three of the model's transition, with slower population growth and declining birth and death rates. The evolution of social norms is responsible for both the decline in the total fertility rate and the improvement in health care in Brazil. With a lower birth rate and better healthcare, China enters a more advanced stage, with higher average life expectancy and lower gross domestic product per capita. India offers superior healthcare services and a high absolute birth rate. However, the country's large population and economic challenges are affecting its life expectancies.

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2020 information

India

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=28.3 deaths per 1,000 live births
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 17.7 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 6.4 deaths per 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 2.2 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $2,199 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 69.7 years

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(2020 information)

China

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=6.3 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 8.1 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 7.7 deaths per 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 1.5 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $10,582 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 76.7 years

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2020 information

Brazil

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=Approximately 8.5 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 11.9 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 6.6 deaths per 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 1.7 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $14,391 USD

Life expectancy=75.4 years

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The demographic features of Afghanistan, Niger, and Mali are in line with "Stage 2" of the demographic transition model. Although infant mortality is high in Afghanistan, the rate is starting to decline, which is causing the population to grow quickly. With high fertility rates and an average of many children per woman, Niger and Mali also have high infant mortality rates. The relatively low internal gross domestic product per capita is a reflection of the shift towards a stage of development where lower mortality rates are the result of better living conditions.

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(2020 information)

Mali

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=Approximately 55.7 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 42.3 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 9.1 deaths per 1,000 people

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 5.6 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $837 USD

Life expectancy= Approximately 60.2 years

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Niger

(2020 information)

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Approximately 60.7 deaths per 1,000 live births

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 43.6 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 11.2 deaths per 1,000.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 6.3 births per woman

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)= Approximately $477 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 62.4 years

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Afghanistan

(2020 information)

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)=Approximately 53.3 deaths per 1,000 live births.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)=Around 32.9 births per 1,000 people

Crude Death Rate (CDR) =Approximately 7.8 deaths per 1,000 people.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)=Approximately 4.2 births per woman.

Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita)=Approximately $581 USD

Life expectancy=Approximately 64.4 years