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1. Establish the different properties of soil based on texture
2. Identify the name of each soil
3. Understand the soil triangle

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(SP: 1.1) Collect, organise, interpret, present and analyse primary and secondary data with and without the use of technology.
(SP: 1.1) Appreciate the difference between accuracy and precision conduct an open-ended investigation.

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Different soil samples will feel different and have different plasticity

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1. Establish the different properties of soil based on their texture.
2.Investigate the weight of each component of soil( sand silt and clay)

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Different soil samples will have different quantities of sand silt and clay

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S (2.2.2) Investigate the texture of soil by using a soil sieve

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To compare uniformity from certified and uncertified seeds.

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SP (1.2) Design , manage and conduct a practical investigation

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1. Understand and be able to distinguish the differences between certified and uncertified seeds.
2. Be able to list the properties of certified seeds.
3. To be able to correctly sow barleys seeds in a seed bed.

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Sand, silt and clay will have different densities and should separate out of a soil sample when water is added and the sample is shaken.

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If water is added to a dry sieved soil sample then the sand ( densest particle ) will fall to the bottom followed my silt and clay will remain at the top

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If it is a clay soil it will have a high % of small particles <0.002mm.

If you have a loam soil then you will have equal quantities of sand silt and clay

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Independent Variable: soil sample
Dependent variable: % sand, silt and clay

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Independent variable: Soil Sample
Dependent Variable: % Sand, silt clay

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(SP: 1.1) Appreciate the difference between accuracy and precision conduct an open-ended investigation.

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Procedure: To determine the soil texture of a soil sample using a sieve

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Procedure: To determine the soil texture of a soil sample using a sieve

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Collect a sample of soil.

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2. Place 50cm3 of the soil into a beaker and add water.  Pour all of the contents into the graduated cylinder.
3. Stopper the cylinder and shake well.

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4. Allow the soil to settle (sediment) .

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5. Examine and measure the volume of sand, silt, clay and humus. Calculate the % of each in the soil sample.

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Caoimhe Pierce 20248784
Diane Foley 20259182
Lauren Campion 20235526

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Dry the soil out in an oven. When soil is dry, crush it with a pestle and mortar.

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Once crushed, Weigh an empty weighing boat; place the crushed sample into the boat and reweigh. Subtract the mass of the empty weigh boat to calculate mass of soil.

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4. Place crushed soil sample in the largest soil sieve. Place cover on sieve and shake.

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Take the lid off the sieve and separate each compartment

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6. Weigh the empty weighing boats.

7. Pour the contents of each sieve into separate pre-weighed boats.

8. Weigh each sample in turn.

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9. Calculate each separate sample of sand, silt and clay as a percentage of the total soil mass.

10. Use the soil triangle to help classify your soil sample

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Calculations:
sand 3.82/34.93 = 10.9 %
silt 3.42/34.93 = 9.8%
clay 26.11/34.93 = 74.7%

95% of inital sample is accounted for.
Other 5% lost through errors e.g
1. Hard to remove full sample out of the sieve each time
2. clay is so light if flies away easily

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(SP: 1.2) Design, manage and conduct a practical investigation.
(SP: 1.1) Make a prediction based on a hypothosis.

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Certified seeds will have a greater uniformity than uncertified seeds.

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If theres a lot of clay in the soil sample it will be smoother and easier to mould

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Independent Variable: Soil type
Dependent Variable:  plasticity of soil

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Weight of the soil sample
Volume of water used

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The Three soils used in this experiment were: 

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The Three soils used in this experiment were: 

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Take a dry sample of soil and rub it between thumb and fingers. Take note of grittiness or smoothness.

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Soil Triangle which can be used to identify soils

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Wet the sample with water and rub it between thumb and finger again noting grittiness or smoothness, also checking it's plasticity. Check if the wet sample is sticky or not. Use a flow chart to identify the soil.

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Try to roll the sample into threads on a flat surface, record if this is possible. Record any observations.
Compare all results using he flow chart

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Influences water holding capacity
Water infiltration
Nutrient retention

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If the certified seeds have a greater germination rate and smaller range in height than the uncertified seed then they will be more uniform.

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We choose the certified and uncertified seed type in the investigation to be barley seeds

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The amount of seeds that germinate in the certified and uncertified seed and how big the ranges are in the stem heights

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Amount of each seed that is sown.

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Count 50 certified seeds and 50 uncertified seeds.

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Place (barley) seeds in separate labelled beakers with water and leave them to soak for 24 hours.

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Plant 50 seeds from each sample in a tray. Separate the tray down the middle and plant 50 certified seeds one side and 50 uncertified seeds in the other side.

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4. Both sets of seeds should be provided with the same amount of light, nutrients and water. Monitor the seeds until both sets  have reached establishment.

5. Examine both sets of seeds. Identify how many certified seeds have the characteristics that define its uniformity and repeat for uncertified seeds