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This is where older adults will look back over their lives and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success may be equal to wisdom. Failures may come through as regret, bitterness and despair.

This stage is where someone feels there have many successes in life while there may be some regrets.

The text reminds us that, "people who successfully resolve psychological conflict identity versus role confusion construct a unified self-definition based on self-chosen values and goals."

At this point, I want to be happy in the career I've chosen, the kids I've raised and what my contribution to the community has been.

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Generativity vs. Stagnation ( 40-65 years)

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Generativity vs. Stagnation ( 40-65 years)

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This would be a stage finding a way to support the next generation. This is where adults will want/need to create or nurture things that will outlast them. This may be having a family, building a business/organization. Success will lead to a feelings of accomplishment and usefulness. Failure will make us feel shallow.

The text states, "We also know that some individuals are affected more than others by their homes, neighborhoods and communities".

During this stage I would expect to be married, raise a family and have a career. I would want to ensure that I support my kids to grow up strong and independent.

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As a young adult, one needs to form intimate, loving relationships with others. Success will be seen in strong relationships. Failure leads to loneliness and isolation. As a young person in this stage, I can say that my intimate relationships are not ones that have been very successful. I had bad experiences in high school that have changed my way of looking at those relationships now.

I am in college and working on developing strong relationships that aren't fully formed at this time. I am also still in the process of looking at what I want to be and do as a career.

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Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18 years)

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Identity vs Role Confusion (12-18 years)

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This is the stage of finding your sense of identity in occupation, religion, and sex roles. At this period in my life, I dressed like my friends because I didn't really have a sense of self or what/who I wanted to be.

Teens need to develop a sense of personal and self-identity. Success would result in staying true to oneself. Failure will lead to confusion and a weak sense of self.

This stage is filled with finding challenges to the beliefs of others and the beliefs of family. There is also the development of relationships with others outside the comfort zone of parents. These relationships assist teens to strike out on their own adventures and explore new opportunities that were known growing up in their home. The text states, "Learn the value of the division of labor, and develop a sense of moral commitment and responsibility".

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I wasn't a good student and found myself behind and giving up and feeling inferior to others.

In this stage children are learning to cope with a new social and academic demand. Success will equal competence and failure can leave the child with a feeling of inferiority. This stage is where a child learns to learn and becoming successful through listening to directions and completing more complicated tasks and assignments. With the help of parents and teachers, a child will be able to achieve a moderate level of success in school and relationship building with teachers. The text states, "They had had time to internalize rules for good conduct. This change leads children to become considerably more independent and trustworthy"

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This is the stage of becoming assertive and taking initiative. I used to make up games to play with friends and parents, but would get really upset when I lost.

When children begin to assert control & power over their environment. Success equals purpose. Too much power can create disapproval and a sense of guilt.

During this stage a child would gather success through learning a new skill and would exert power when he didn't get his way and threw tantrums. The child would resolve the crisis through coordination with his parent's direction/discipline. The textbook says, "preschoolers pick up many morally relevant behaviors through modeling and reinforcement".

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Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt -(1 to 3 years)

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Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt -(1 to 3 years)

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When I was little my Mom tells me that my favorite thing to say was, "Me do". I wanted to function on my own and do it myself early on. Children need to develop a personal sense of control over their skills and independence. Being successful can create autonomy where failure may create shame and doubt.

During this stage of learning and discovery a child will have success and failure while trying and learning new things. In the text it states, "Basic trust and autonomy grow out of warm sensitive parenting and reasonable expectations for impulse control starting in the second year."

My parents would let me try to do things on my own and I knew they would be there to help me if I couldn't get it by myself.

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Children will develop their feelings of trust or mistrust by how they are treated. If they receive consistent care and affection, a child will develop a sense of trust. A lack of care and affection will lead to mistrust.

As a baby the child was well fed and taken care of, so he had a maximum level of trust in his caregivers and parents.

According to the textbook, "Erikson accepted Freud's emphasis on the importance of the parent-infant relationship during feeding, but he expanded and enriched Freud's view."

While I don't remember my infancy, I do know that my parents were both there for me and I never had to worry about where my next meal was coming from as they both took care of my needs.

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Stage 1  Trust vs. Mistrust
Stage 2  Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Stage 3  Initiative vs. Guilt
Stage 4  Industry vs. Inferiority
Stage 5  Industry vs. Role Confusion
Stage 6  Intimacy vs. Isolation
Stage 7  Generativity vs. Stagnation
Stage 8  Integrity vs. Despair