# data[].attributes.headline
guitar tone for creativity and inspiration

# data[].attributes.subject
guitar tone for creativity and inspiration

# data[].attributes.body
when considering the effect of guitar tone as an inspiration for songwriting and musical composition, I set about commissioning a hand built Rangemaster style treble booster, following a discussion between myself and an electrical engineer / pedal builder around the motivational and creative phenomenon of plugging a guitar into a metal box full of wires and transistors. Although the pedal did not make it to the final performance, the effects pedal is still in the process of being built and served as a motivational driver to create music.

# data[].attributes.body
Evaluating the performance of the gig, I can hear that the material was well-played, despite some technical hiccups. Forgetting to unmute Alexis's channel on the PA at the start of the 1st song was a notable mistake. However, we quickly recovered from this and continued playing successfully. I was skeptical at first about the headroom of my 15w combo amp being loud enough to be heard over the drums, bass and PA but I quickly found that the midrange 'bark' in the EQ of the 1x12 speaker sliced through the mix nicely despite it's low power output. Additionally, the blend of soft and heavy tonalities throughout the setlist helped to create a varied sonic palette, blending elements of doom, rock and psychedelia to create our desired sound. To achieve these different sounds in the set, I relied heavily on my guitars volume controls to change between clean and saturated tones which I will continue to do in future but it can't be ignored that there were a couple of instances where I overshot and cut the guitar signal completely. Using a volume pedal instead would serve the same function and would mitigate the likelihood of this mistake.

Evaluating further, it should be noted that the gig was not well-attended which indicates that more carefully considered promotion is needed for future performances. Despite this, I received positive feedback on the poster design by attendees, with some saying they came just out of curiosity after seeing and liking the poster. When organising gigs in future, I will likely outsource the promotion to a professional with an established social media following.

In terms of professional collaboration, there were some miscommunications. For instance, our drummer claimed there was a house kit, however I decided to scout the venue prior to the final gig to discover that this wasn't the case. From this experience I realised the importance of scouting venues and not being reliant on the assumptions of others. Luckily we sourced a drum kit in time and successfully arranged transport for it. This goes to show that a venue's tech spec will always be a more reliable source than a band member. Despite this, the gig ran smoothly with my equipment checklist and schedule, ensuring nothing was forgotten or ran over.

Use of WhatsApp group chat was a good use of technology as it meant videos and soundbites could be sent and downloaded for offline listening which proved especially useful for George as he liked to practice out in his barn where there's no internet. Facebook groups was another successful use of media with both John and George being discovered through networking on Brighton musician groups.

Evaluating the songwriting methods for Kali, having me and Alexis as a songwriting partnership to create the initial 'skeletons' of the songs proved effective as it played well to our strengths. I was able to instantly create main riffs, intros and chord progressions that would be the starting point of our songs. I would then record these ideas on my phone and send them to Alexis via whatsapp for her to create vocal melodies and lyrics. This system meant when we came into rehearsals with John and George, we weren't starting from scratch and their intuitive sense of rhythm meant they were quickly able to join in and jam the ideas. This technique was inspired by my research of The Beatles because of their way of slowly introducing band members to the musical content and allowing each individual to evolve the piece. This system works well for efficiently and organically conceiving songs because from experience, songwriters can lose interest in songs if they're left to stagnate or become too contrived. Overall, this process of writing songs is something I will continue to do however I will take onboard the feedback I received from Alexis saying to focus more on developing a select few songs as opposed to endlessly generating riffs with no context.

# data[].attributes.body
In date Portable Appliance test label on electrical music equipment

# data[].attributes.body
Blue Powder fire extinguisher for use on electrical fires

# data[].attributes.body
By researching and evaluating income sources, I hope to improve my understanding of the music industry and make well-informed career decisions. By collating and appraising quantitative and qualitative data from credible sources, I can professionally investigate the suitability of different income streams for both now and the future.

# data[].attributes.body
A to-do-list ought to be set up right in order to:
-Record (Not lose track of things)
-Plan (Prioritise goals)
-Organise (Structures the day so I'm more likely to complete my tasks efficiently)
-Account (If well considered, a to-do-list will hold me accountable for completing my tasks)

An effective to-do-list may be:
-Simple (Easy to use)
-Agile (Quick to re-prioritise/ reference from older lists)
-Flexible (Able to tailor to my specific needs)
-Cost effective (Cheap)
-With features (Ability to add photos, calendar view etc)

In order to see substantial return on my to-do-lists, I ought to stick to one system that I regularly use in practice and write down any habits I intend on forming (eg meditation, research), omitting those I have already established (e.g brushing my teeth) to simplify my tasks. Breaking down goals into small tasks will help overcome any overwhelming feelings that hinder progress and adding tasks as soon as they arise increases the likelihood they'll be completed. Some tasks aren't completely independent of external factors (such as having to wait on a co-musician's reply in order to proceed). In these cases, noting on a daily to-do-list the time when I'm ready to take on these tasks will help clear up any apprehension caused by lack of distinction between tasks I can take on immediately and tasks I cannot. Having multiple to-do-lists is generally only effective if they are all connected. One list cannot have any time overlap with another list or prioritising will become complicated (perhaps even becoming an exercise in procrastination).

In the case of this project, a daily to-do-list and a project management list should work well because the steps to complete my project will be clearly outlined on the project management list which I can schedule into my project timeline, break into smaller steps and strategically incorporate them into my daily to-do-lists.

# data[].attributes.headline
Identifying income streams available to me

# data[].attributes.subject
Identifying income streams available to me

# data[].attributes.body
At this point in my career, potential revenue streams include:
-Guitar teaching
-Session musician
-Composing
-Performing
-Streaming royalties
-Crowdfunding

# data[].attributes.headline
Which key sites offer opportunities that are relevant to my long-term objectives? (Research)

# data[].attributes.subject
Which key sites offer opportunities that are relevant to my long-term objectives? (Research)

# data[].attributes.body
Career:
-Expand my professional network
-Improve hard skills related to the music industry
-Expand my style of music to a new market
-Market my skills through a new channel
-Develop specialization in my field

Financial:
-Save enough for a property deposit
-Open an emergency fund
-Pay off my student loan
-Boost my credit score
-Afford to own and drive a car/van
-Save for dream music equipment

Personal:
-Work on becoming the ultimate guitarist alive in my field
-Learn other instruments/ vocals and production skills

# data[].attributes.headline
Registering and collecting agencies (Research)

# data[].attributes.subject
Registering and collecting agencies (Research)

# data[].attributes.body
What is a CMO?:
A Collective Management Organization or CMO is a licensing body (typically non-profit) and offers a single 'blanket license' that grants rights to multiple rights-holders in a payment. In the UK, CMOs are regulated by the 'CRM Regulations'.

What are the CRM Regulations?
The Collective Management of Copyright(EU Directive) Regulations 2016 (or CRM Regulations) governs the conduct of CMOs in the UK with the aim of modernizing financial management, ensuring rights-holders have more say in decision-making processes and helping to create a level playing field in which the development of legitimate online music services are encouraged.

What is a music collecting agency?:
Music collecting agencies are collective management organizations (CMOs) responsible for the collection and distribution of royalties to multiple rights-holders for payments corresponding to single pieces of music.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose Audioslave as a case study relevant to my topic of exploring heavy rock ensembles to enrich my approach to starting a music project.

After the disbanding of Soundgarden, vocalist/songwriter Chris Cornell sought to work on a solo released but soon shelved it after producer Rick Rubin suggested he collaborate with members of Rage Against The Machine who, by that point, were without a vocalist. “I see Audioslave as more classic rock, singer, chord progression type of music – things like that we never did with Rage Against The Machine,” Tim Commerford said in 2015. “I think back on Rage and I love the way it feels, but then Audioslave happens and it was so different. That’s the thing I am most proud of. We didn’t just come back and make a bunch of riff rock and put Chris’ vocals on it. We did something genuinely different.” Despite the members of Rage Against The Machine having already refined a sound and chemistry between them, they were now working with a different frontman so needed to tweak their songwriting approach to include the chords progressions and tonalities that would be symbiotic to Cornell and serve the music.

There also came an element of compromise on Morello's (guitarist) behalf when he cooperated with sacrificing his desire to make Audioslave more politically-themed than RATM. Here were 4 of some of the biggest names in 90s rock music and they successfully checked their egos at the door in order to serve the art they would make together. While it could be argued that Audioslave were destined to succeed based on it being a supergroup (as this would put the band in the public eye before it even came to fruition), there's evidence that collective member fame itself is not all that is required to go platinum 5x. Supergroups like 'tinted windows' prove that a band of already-successful people is not by any means a guarantee that they will earn great success. In fact, supergroups often struggle to live up to the reputations of the member's original bands because they've already set such a high precedent before even releasing any music. Bands starting out from grassroots, however, won't have such high standards to meet

Shortly after forming, the group were able to put their talents to directed use and wrote over 20 songs together in their first 3 weeks of rehearsing. Commerford is quoted as saying 'When there is an irreplaceable chemistry from the first moment, you can't deny it'.

# data[].attributes.body
Alice in Chains were a grunge group that formed out of the hair metal movement in the 80s. They pioneered alternative rock by drawing influence on heavy metal and incorporating elements of country, sludge metal, blues, fun and acoustic. Formed from members of 2 seperate bands, Sleze and Diamond Lie, Alice in Chains started out dressed in drag playing speed metal, covering bands such as Slayer and Armoured Saint and would often stretch 15 minutes of material into a 45 minute set.

Noticeably, this practice of extending a small amount of material into a full set is common in the inception of rock's biggest pioneers like Black Sabbath and Pink Floyd, both of whom discovered their signature sound through the necessity of having to extend material to make a full set. Black Sabbath's song 'War Pigs' was created out of a jam session in 1968 where the band had to perform several gigs and didn't have enough music written to fill the set. The song would then go on to be heralded as not only some of the band's finest work but one of heavy metal's greatest songs ever. Around a similar time, Pink Floyd would play long psychedelic sets at UFO club in London that were largely improvised because the crazed audience of clubbers would shout in protest if they dared to stop playing music. What this infers is that live improvisation is an effective tool for generating some organic and potentially groundbreaking rock music. As opposed to composing and arranging music, live improvisation indicates an eagerness to simply play together and develop musical chemistry. The spontaneity of improvisation can yield more direct, visceral means of musical expression than externally composing and arranging a song. Whilst the potential benefits of incorporating live improvisation in the early days of a band are attractive, it requires a leap into the unknown with all players having to instantly create accompaniment onstage and communicate changes to each other through feel and body language. This practice can strengthen the chemistry between bandmates and aid in developing a niche but also poses a high risk for mistakes and hesitations live than performing written and rehearsed material.

# data[].attributes.body
To take the riffing style of 70s Black Sabbath and bring it into the 21st Century!

# data[].attributes.body
Brand Cage. (2013). Dopesmoker: Musical Analysis. [Online]. wordpress. Available at: https://brandcage.wordpress.com/2013/12/28/dopesmoker-musical-analysis/ [Accessed 26 February 2023].

David Benett. (2022). How The Beatles used Indian music theory. [Online]. YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2GmTD9Q4iM [Accessed 26 February 2023].

Tim Peacock. (2022). Audioslave’s Debut Album: A Vital Record That ‘Sounded Transcendent’. [Online]. discovermusic.. Available at: https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/audioslave-debut-album/ [Accessed 20 February 2023].

Lee. (2013). PRS Background Music vs. Royalty Free Music. [Online]. Media Music Now Blog. Available at: https://blog.mediamusicnow.co.uk/2013/11/15/prs-background-music-vs-royalty-free-music/ [Accessed 20 February 2023].

Jagoda Jagodzinska. (2021). UK collecting societies explained. An Interview with Stuart Belsham of PRS for Music. [Online]. Anara Publishing. Available at: https://www.anarapublishing.com/uk-collecting-societies-explained-an-interview-with-stuart-belsham-o [Accessed 1 March 2023].

Will Page. (2007). Lost in translation? A Critique of the Katz Papers. [Online]. Economic insight. Issue 4. Available at: https://www.prsformusic.com/-/media/files/prs-for-music/research/economic-insight-4-critque-of-the- [Accessed 7 February 2023].

Dmitry Pastukhov. (2020). BMI vs ASCAP vs SESAC: What PROs Do (and How They Measure Up). [Online]. Soundcharts. Available at: https://soundcharts.com/blog/bmi-vs-ascap [Accessed 5 February 2023].

Matt Blick. (2013). 5 Beatles Secrets about Songwriting I wish I'd discovered decades sooner. [Online]. The U.S.A songwriting competition. Available at: https://www.songwriting.net/blog/bid/108943/5-Beatles-Secrets-about-Songwriting-I-wish-I-d-discovere [Accessed 23 February 2023].

Dylan Elijah. (2023). Truth You Never Knew Of How Beatles Wrote Their Songs. [Online]. Rock Music Revival. Available at: https://rockmusicrevival.com/2019/01/14/the-way-the-beatles-wrote-songs-was-way-different-than-you-t [Accessed 2 February 2023].

Keerthana R. (2023). How to become a music composer. [Online]. GETMYUNI. Available at: https://www.getmyuni.com/articles/how-to-become-a-music-composer [Accessed 2 February 2023].

Mike Evans, Paul Palmer-Edwards. (2013). THE ART OF BRITISH ROCK. 2nd ed. London: Frances Lincoln Publishers. p.200.

Mick Wall. (2014). Black Sabbath symptom of the universe. 2nd ed. London: Orion Books Ltd.

Paul or Nothing Podcast. (2019). The Songs Lennon and McCartney Wrote Together – McCartney Article #23.. [Online]. wordpress. Available at: https://paulmccartneypod.wordpress.com/2019/01/12/the-songs-lennon-and-mccartney-wrote-together-mcca [Accessed January 21st 2023].

# data[].attributes.body
When delegating roles, it's important that everyone is playing to their strengths in order to achieve a mutual goal. In this context, an excellent debut gig for a heavy rock band is the final practical project output. With this in mind, it should be noted that team strengths cannot be fully determined until reviewing the post-gig evaluation

# data[].attributes.body
Must include:
-SMART targets
-SWOT analysis
-Timeline
-Practice diary
-Risk assessment
-Harvard referencing

Development diaries:
-Audio clips (instrument practice, songs in progress)
-Video clips (performance practice, risk assessment, good vs bad practice)
-Written documentation
-Logo/branding/website

Deliverables:
-Paragraph on how WB11 will be presented

Evaluating/ reflection:
-Gibbs reflective cycle
-Success metrics

# data[].attributes.body
For my project I will be exploring the creative process for writing and rehearsing a 5 song set to perform in my newly formed live band Kali. This will help me better understand my strengths and areas for improvement by creating a resource for myself where I can chronologically see the details of progress in working towards the goal for my WB11: Destinations module: playing an excellent debut gig. This will also serve as guidelines to other musical ensembles seeking effective methods to write and rehearse.

My proposed personnel so far includes myself (guitarist, songwriting duties), Alexis McLeod (Vocalist, lyricist duties), John Grimshaw (Drummer, composition duties) and we’re yet to lock down a bass player yet.

The rationale for my choice of project is that this is a project I want to work towards at this stage in my life as it involves my musical passion, Heavy rock. It is a means of using the guitar material I write best and the tones I enjoy so the realisation of our live goals aligns with what I want to do with my career.

Proposed project timeline, we rehearse at least once a week, documenting each stage of the song developments and live performance aspects with a voice recorder app. We will set targets for each rehearsal based off the output reviewed from the previous rehearsal.

Proposed operational issues include band member reliability issues, lack of documentation, writers block, faulty equipment.

Proposed health and safety considerations include high volumes, tripping over cables, faulty electrical equipment.

# data[].attributes.body
In order to choose a focus for my FMP, I considered skills I currently possess, lack and that would be most beneficial in working toward my career aspiration.

I started by evaluating my current endeavours in music and determined the skills I currently possess are centred primarily on creative and performance abilities. Those skills that require development include communicating, self-management and marketing skills.

My aspirations of striking a record deal with an independent label (Relapse, Southern Lord) and would benefit most from justifying how and when to apply appropriate technical methods to ensure quality musical outputs and using multi-media communication tools to focus time and collective endeavours to break down long-term objectives into more manageable, short-term SMART targets

# data[].attributes.headline
"Surround yourself with people who can give you advice" Lisa McKeon

# data[].attributes.subject
"Surround yourself with people who can give you advice" Lisa McKeon

# data[].attributes.headline
Contained in S1 appendix: highlighted blue

# data[].attributes.subject
Contained in S1 appendix: highlighted blue

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
The three roles a person must work in order to achieve their goals 

# data[].attributes.body
The Dreamer (What):

In 10 years time, professionally, I want to be a master of heavy rock guitar, performing to genuine fans and making them all feel euphoric.

The Realist (how):

The steps I can see to help me achieve this outcome are: Ongoing guitar practice with an active, adaptive approach and then professionally collaborate with the best musicians I can work with to develop a live performance and/or recording that'll generate a genuine fanbase

The Critic (why):

Missing from the Realist's plan are the best musicians I can work with and the communication skills required to professionally collaborate with them. My lack of industry experience and acquainted music industry professionals mean that there are steps to be taken that have not been factored into the Realist's plan.

The Dreamer (Creative solutions):

Creating a demo reel to showcase my original material to potential collaborators would make it easier to network with like-minded professionals and aid in my quest to find the best musicians I can work with.

The Realist (Steps to achieve the new ideas):

To create a demo reel, first I need to compose and select my best material for the purposes of showcasing the style of music I would like to collaborate with. Then I would need to record and produce it to a high demo standard and then create multiple physical copies and an online file-share.

The Critic (Testing new ideas):

Potential sources of trouble include: Composing and programming drums, recording and producing my partner's vocals to a standard she's happy to show to others and once the demo reel is done, my non-exemplary communication skills mean there are steps I must take to network with the best musicians I can work with.

(A time I was able to creatively dream up ideas without judging myself): When I'm creating original guitar parts.

(Feeling that experience): I can visualize what I hear so that it manifests in my playing. I can hear phrases in my playing and refine them or respond to them in a call-and-response type fashion. I feel powerful, focused and expressive in this time.

(Breaking state): My favorite animal is the duck-billed platypus

(A time when I was able to devise a plan to put something into action): Getting a job. I used a combination of online applications and handing CVs in person to apply for a large number of jobs of which my least favorite offers I declined, leaving my preferred offers to attend interviews with/chase up further.

(Feeling that experience): I visualized a map of my area of approximately 10 mile radius to swiftly assess what workplaces might be hiring. I heard the background music I put on to help me stay engaged with my task. I felt obliged and willing to put my plan into action

(Breaking state): My front door is white.

(A time when I was able to constructively criticize a plan): When I was choosing my options for college, I drew up a table of pros and cons to each of my potential subjects

(Feeling that experience): I could see the table in front of me and tried to visualize the classes corresponding to each subject. I could hear the advice of my parents and career advisor. I felt obliged, pragmatic and methodical.

(Breaking state): My last meal was marmite on toast

# data[].attributes.body
In my previous term, there was some good progress in writing and arranging original material for the band we decided to call Kali. As we hadn't yet found a bassist, our music took an unprecedented amount of time to come to fruition. In hindsight, implementing a vetting process where a video performance is requested before arranging an audition date would save time cycling through applicants and also a folder of demos from my band would ensure applicants have the opportunity to learn the material before joining.

During this module, me and Alexis (my vocalist/partner) honed our creative process by delegating roles based on our individual skillsets. For me, this was improvising on guitar until I stumbled upon an original idea, I then would experiment, practice and loosely arrange my parts to record and send to Alexis. Once received, Alexis will repeatedly listen and familiarise herself with the piece before writing a vocal melody or lyrics to record and send back to me.

The use of multimedia in our writing process was a effective in establishing good songwriting communication and mitigated the need to allocate a time-slot solely for the purpose of writing new music; it was being spontaneously written. Namely, the Voice Memo app and WhatsApp were chosen over alternative apps for their features such as having the option to download audio messages on WhatsApp (this allowed Alexis to listen to the pieces offline) and the Voice Memo app allows users to edit, label and easily share to a WhatsApp contact/group chat.

# data[].attributes.body
The Beatles are the most successful music group in music history, selling over a billion records worldwide. Whilst each member was a talented songwriter in their own right, the songwriting partnership between McCartney and Lennon formed the ground zero for some of popular music's biggest hits and continues to influence songwriting innovation to this day.

Lennon's writing style was accessible, straightforward rock and roll whereas McCartney's was more visionary and suited towards orchestral arrangements. The way the pair worked was they'd sit in a room facing each other with their guitars and play out their ideas (maybe a riff or a lyrical hook) for the other to synchronise a part to and jam. They'd do this for hours before coming away with the skeleton to a new hit song which they'd take to Harrison and Starr who would add identity and colour in order to polish the track.

Heard on the track 'Help', the Beatles start the song with an intro that's actually a modified chorus section. This intro previews the lyrical hook and chord progression of the song's chorus but spans 8 bars instead of 16. This helps the listener become engaged with the catchiest elements of the song instantly and once the first chorus is reached, a reassuring familiarity is felt despite the fact the lyrics, melody and structure are different. This helps to keep the song feeling fresh but familiar which is key to writing a catchy, hit tune.

Adding bluesy notes (b3 b5 b7) to their more melodic material was another technique utilised by the Beatles to add depth and intrigue to an accessible song. While these blues notes are expected in rockier numbers and 12 bar blues, adding them to delicate, lighter songs like 'Blackbird' pricks the ears of the listener when they're presented with these darker flavours in a light, melodic context.

Heard on the track 'Eleanor Rigby', the Beatles successfully avoided the cliche of starting a song on the tonic chord (Em). The song begins on the wistful but sultry-sounding flat 6th degree of the root chord which helps create an immediate sense of tension that sets the mood for the themes and lyrical content for the rest of the song.

# data[].attributes.body
Alexis McLeod- vocalist
Joe Shaw- guitarist
John Briginshaw- drummer
George Cobbold- bassist

# data[].attributes.body
PRS is a music licensing company formed by a group of music publishers in 1914 to help protect the value of copyright and help musicians earn an income for their work.

Based in the UK, PRS collects and distributes royalties to songwriters, composers and publishers for the use of musical compositions and lyrics.

It does this through licensing agreements with music users whether the music is publicly performed, broadcast or digital.

# data[].attributes.body
MCPS (Mechanical copyright protection society) is a royalty distribution service established in 1910, UK as a reaction to the 'Copyright act of 1911' which introduced the copyright protection of music by law.

MCPS pays out to songwriters, composers and publishers for copies of a piece of music they have contributed to. Examples of when MCPS would generate royalties are: CD sales, streams, downloads, film, radio and TV.

In 1997, MCPS and PRS formed an alliance called PRSfm (PRS for Music). In some cases, royalties are collected and distributed jointly through MCPS and PRS.

# data[].attributes.body
PPL (Phonographic Performing Ltd) is a collection society that provides a similar service to PRS albeit solely on behalf of performers and record labels for the use of recorded music.

Formed in 1934 by 2 UK-based record labels (EMI and Decca), PPL works by selling licenses to people wanting to use recorded music (for radio, film, adverts) and using the money generated by the license fees to pay out what is due to the rights-holders for the use of their recorded music. Having a society in place like PPL saves everyone the hassle of contacting multiple companies/ individuals for the use of recorded music and it provides copyright protection for musicians.

# data[].attributes.body
I'm Joe Shaw, a distinction grade 8 classically trained guitarist and songwriter who specializes in heavy rock. I incorporate a signature range of techniques in my playing, can sight read up to grade 5 and have a lifelong daily commitment to writing new music and practicing my instrument.

# data[].attributes.body
-Creative vs Analytical brain
-What is PBL?

# data[].attributes.headline
Everything on this Padlet to be considered for S2

# data[].attributes.subject
Everything on this Padlet to be considered for S2

# data[].attributes.body
1. Song Selection: Choosing the right songs is crucial to creating a memorable performance. Consider the audience, the venue, and the mood you want to create.

2. Stage Presence: How you present yourself on stage can make or break your performance. Consider your body language, eye contact, and interaction with the audience.

3. Timing: The timing of your performance can be just as important as the music itself. Plan your setlist carefully, and practice your transitions between songs to keep the energy flowing.

4. Instrumentation: The instruments you use can greatly affect the sound of your performance. Consider how each instrument contributes to the overall sound and make adjustments as needed.

5. Dynamics: Varying the dynamics of your performance, such as the volume and intensity, can help keep the audience engaged and interested.

6. Stage Lighting: Lighting can help create a mood and enhance the visual element of your performance. Consider how lighting can highlight certain aspects of your performance and work with the lighting technician to create a cohesive look.

7. Sound Quality: The sound quality of your performance can greatly affect how your music is received. Consider the acoustics of the venue, the mix of instruments, and the use of effects to create a high-quality sound.

8. Stage Setup: The setup of the stage can also affect the audience's experience. Consider the placement of instruments, the layout of the stage, and any props or decorations that can enhance the visual element of your performance.

# data[].attributes.body
When applying guitar techniques to a band or project, it's important to have an understanding of the stylistic trademarks of one's own favourite music. One method of attaining this knowledge is to create and listen to a playlist of favourite songs, jot down the sections that one feels most inspired by and pick apart exactly what's going on.

# data[].attributes.body
When considering my approach to starting this module, it occured to me that the divergent exploration of brainstorming endless options would ultimately have to boil down to an achievable outcome and a means of presenting it. This got me thinking that an acknowledgement of 2 differing modes of thought (creative and analytical) could improve workflow and aid musicians to better align the nature of their work to their needs. With a topic defined, I conducted secondary research that will inform my approach to navigating this module.

Creative Brain:

1. The creative brain is associated with the right hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for processing emotions, imagination, and intuition.

2. Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to form new neural connections and adapt to new experiences, is closely linked to creativity.

3. Research has shown that individuals who engage in creative activities, such as music, art, or writing, are more likely to have improved mental health and cognitive function.

4. Some studies suggest that certain substances, such as psychedelic drugs, can increase creativity by changing the way the brain processes information.

Analytical Brain:

1. The analytical brain is associated with the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for processing logic, reasoning, and language.

2. The prefrontal cortex, a region located in the front of the brain, is closely linked to analytical thinking.

3. Individuals with highly developed analytical skills are often better at problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision-making.

4. Analytical thinking can be improved through education and training, including activities that challenge the brain, such as puzzles, games, and mathematical tasks.

Overall, both creative and analytical thinking are important for success in many areas of life, including academics, business, and personal relationships. A balanced approach that allows for the development of both types of thinking can lead to optimal brain function and enhanced performance in many areas of life.

# data[].attributes.body
-Mission Statement
-SMART Targets
-SWOT Analysis
-Operational Issues
-Project Timeline

# data[].attributes.body
S- Form an original heavy rock band to write, rehearse and perform a debut live performance

M- I'll use internal feedback from the band and external peer feedback to measure and inform creative and logical outputs

A- This can be achieved by using me and my girlfriend's songwriting dynamic as a springboard to curating a signature sound which we'll develop by collaborating with a drummer and bassist

R- This is relevant to my long-term objective of exploring artistic outlets, growing my ability and approach to songwriting, live performance and satiating my need to play guitar to my best ability

T- 21/04/23 is WB11- Destinations deadline

# data[].attributes.body
Black Coral
Child of Night
Possess
My Terrain
(Don't) cut away

# data[].attributes.body
Drawing from the research and experience I have accrued over this project, I feel as though a career centred around performing would be hugely rewarding. This would allow me to express my abilities and develop transferable skills such as communication, time-management and teamwork in addition to specific skills like ear-training, on-stage persona and technique. Despite the qualitative data from my research indicating it to be an unsecure revenue stream., I plan to incorporate performance into my post-graduation career strategy by attending jam-nights, open-mics and playing local gigs to enrich my experience, network with like-minded musicians and open myself up to new opportunities.

In terms of meeting the need for secure pay, guitar teaching appears to be a more reliable source of income, especially as a worker in employment. For this reason, I plan to seek out schools, institutions and other organisations that can offer permanent placements for my main revenue stream and supplement this income with performances, private lessons, streaming royalties, composing and session musician work. Specifically, I plan to offer my services as a classical guitarist for events such as weddings where there's usually a budget being spent and I can enhance someone's special occasion with my musical skillset.

In order to reach a wider network of professionals and effectively promote my services for this supplementary income, I plan to develop an online presence through building a website, social media and mailing list. Additionally, business cards, flyers and innovative promotional material such as branded guitar picks may increase my exposure as a music professional so I will endeavour to design and order them. A YouTube channel is something I plan to utilise to aid in my online exposure. From researching successful youtube guitarists, I found that regular themed uploads are effective in engaging with YouTube audiences. By this, I mean I can delegate a day of the week to uploading content on technique, covers (by request), discussions, Q&As, step-by-step lessons and reviews of music and music equipment.

# data[].attributes.body
Guitar teaching is a revenue stream that's available to me as I have grade 8 classical certificate and experience teaching a wide variety of ages and learning abilities. Due to my age and student status, people generally expect to pay a little less than an experienced teacher for lessons however my proficiencies in different styles of electric, steel-string acoustic and nylon string guitar mean that I'm able to provide teaching services to a wide, varied market of people who want to learn guitar.

A drawback to this potential revenue stream is financial security because students may choose not to continue lessons or not show up; this proves difficult for financial forecasting. A solution to this would be to sign a contract of employment with a school or music institution where a regular salary will be paid. There are drawback too with employment including: taxed income, fixed schedule, answering to a boss, teaching to a brief, less of a say in who you teach, travel costs and lower hourly rates when compared with private 1-1 lessons.

# data[].attributes.body
All relevant statutory health and safety documentation including the Health and Safety at work etc act of 1974, the management of health and safety at work regulations of 1999, the PUWER 1998 and the electricity at work regulations 1989 will be considered in this project

# data[].attributes.body
Problem-based learning is a teaching and learning approach that focuses on real world situations to actively solve a problem. It has been proven to be more effective for long-term acquisition of new skills and critical thinking but less useful for short-term retention of information compared to alternative methods like lecture-style classrooms.

PBL encourages participants to solve complex problems via research, critical thinking, collaboration and communication.

# data[].attributes.body
-Risk Assessment
-Health and safety compliance statement

# data[].attributes.body
Strengths
I'm skilled at writing and performing heavy rock originals

Weaknesses
I struggle with communicating, planning, organizing and utilizing multimedia

Opportunities
It's the next step to developing my original music and  becoming a team player within an ensemble

Threats
The aforementioned weaknesses could hinder the progress of the project and affect the quality of the end deliverable

# data[].attributes.body
-Influences
-Song sections I'm inspired by

# data[].attributes.body
-Audioslave
-Alice in Chains
-Black Sabbath

# data[].attributes.body
- Band members
- Artist
- Videographer

# data[].attributes.body
-The Beatles

# data[].attributes.body
-Live performance elements
-Setlist
-Rehearsal audio clips

# data[].attributes.body
-Directions to venue
-Poster
-Checklist

# data[].attributes.body
Black Sabbath: a band which arguably created the genre ‘metal’ in the 70’s with their debut self titled album, released on February 13th 1970, have had a significant impact on my development as a musician, performer and songwriter. I chose to use them as a case study because of their substantial influence on the developing genre of doom metal which I have been aiming to adhere to for this project.

This links in to the songwriting techniques i have been exploring. As for The Beatles, I discovered in Mick Wall’s book titled 'Black Sabbath symptom of the universe'  page 84 end of paragraph two states as follows:

‘If The Beatles had set the benchmark for mind-expansive pop music, Sabbath now did the same for rock's underclass, creating an utterly uncompromising sound, which, when examined closely, featured bleak, heavy-duty lyrics that reflected the band's genuine 'no future', working-class roots.’

Our band Kali is by genre definition equating to doom metal , the heavy blues riffs , evoking the same dread and despair of impending doom, originating from our band members joint passion for all things ‘Black Sabbath’.

Doom metal is a sub genre of the original ‘black sabbath metal’ using slower tempos and heavier riffs with low-tuned guitars, emphasising and developing off of that which has gone before. The doom metal scenes started developing in the 1980’s with bands such as Witch Finder and The Obsessed and carries on today with brilliant heavy bands such as Electric Wizard who were formed in 1993.

Another reason for studying this infamous setup was that, just as in our band Kali, the dynamics are by large for black sabbath as stated in the book by Mick Wall ‘Black Sabbath symptom of the universe’ page 82 bottom of paragraph two;

‘Everyone was as important as each other it made that sound.’

This was and is an important dynamic that i wanted to and still want to achieve in my band. Although not always easy with creatively minded individuals , when you find a sound you all love and can build from that excluding the ego is where its at in my opinion.

# data[].attributes.body
BMI (Broadcast Music Inc) is a music rights organisation based in the US that acts as a collection society for live performances, selling blanket licenses for the permission to perform all of the music registered by the rights-holders. The money generated by the license sales is then used to pay shares to songwriters, composers and publishers called 'royalties' for the use of their music.

# data[].attributes.body
ASCAP (the American Society for Composers, Authors and Publishers) is a non-profit membership association founded in the US that protects the value of it's members' music. ASCAP is the only PRO in the US that is governed by it's members and is non-profit which means 100% of the royalties distributed for the public use of a piece of music goes back to the composer, author or publisher

# data[].attributes.body
In order to document the performance itself, I decided to collaborate with a student from Brightons ‘Screen and Film school’. Using social media and YouTube, I was able to review some of the students previous work on music videos and found that they were experienced in working with musicians.

By employing a fellow student, the process of recording and editing a performance would be mutually beneficial and therefore would require no other form of payment. This is because the end product could be used to display both of our individual skill sets in our separate portfolios of work. Therefore, I was able to reduce monetary costs and delegate the role of recording the final performance.

Whilst I decided to delegate the majority of creative responsibility to the videographer, we decided to arrange a call where we could touch base and ensure we were on the same page. During this procedure, we decided to use mobile phones to record the performance as opposed to renting camera equipment to reduce safety risks and provide a more handheld, naturalistic ambience. This also relates to how admirers and supporters of musicians often capture performances through their phone cameras. Therefore, this method of recording when shared on social media will imply that a community of supporters already surrounds Kali. The use of multiple camera angles edited together also aids this concept because it suggests that there are multiple spectators enjoying this performance. This also contributes to the video being more visually dynamic providing a sense of movement and excitement for the performance.

Overall, I believe this collaboration was successful as I was able to communicate effectively in order to delegate the responsibility of recording the final gig without cost. Furthermore, I was able to use the end product to display my skill set as a performer and songwriter.

# data[].attributes.body
Musicians Union (MU) is a UK trade union founded in 1893 that protects the rights of musicians. The organisation is governed by a set of rules and works by democratically electing it's members who comprise sections of conference and committees. Members can participate as much or as little as they wish.

The union works by negotiating with all the major employees in the music industry and offering support for it's members in the form of: public liability insurance, £2k music insurance, professional indemnity insurance, tax investigation insurance, personal accident cover, pension scheme and financial assistance.

# data[].attributes.body
Session musician is a revenue stream that's available to me as I'm able to play a range of different styles of guitar and can sight read up to grade 5. As highly skilled workers, session musicians usually work for a flat fee of around $100 p/h with a minimum 3 hr call. This is an impressive revenue but like many potential revenue streams in music, the income is not secure (especially at grass roots) due to the fact session musicians are self-employed. Self-employed work doesn't provide the security of a salary or pension however it suits some people more than traditional employment in that they can be their own boss, dictate what their own schedule will be and who they will collaborate with.

# data[].attributes.headline
Employment agencies: finding work (Research)

# data[].attributes.subject
Employment agencies: finding work (Research)

# data[].attributes.body
What is an employment agency?
A business that finds employees or employers to those looking for them

How can employment agencies work for my music career?
Agencies that are specialized for musicians can

schedule live performances, tours, TV performances, concerts and radio shows

work closely with music record companies and promoters

negotiate and issue contracts on behalf of the artist

collect a deposit, advance and send out promotional material for the concert or live performance

attend a meeting with clients and venue management

build a relationship with clients, vendors and promoters

identify potential booking opportunities by connecting with owners of venues and event organizers

collaborate with event promoters to ensure the success of the event

communicate information to and on behalf of their clients

oversee travel logistics and hospitality for artists

# data[].attributes.body
When looking into the idealisation that the posters would be the forefront for the advertising of our gig both physically and as an online presence we decided we wanted something which was in symmetry and keeping to our bands brand and niche collection of followers .

The Bristol based print house Jacknife seemed a perfect fit having the fantastic Chris Hopewell and infamous Tape Ears i have long loved their work having first been introduced to it in the form of the pages from the book ‘THE ART OF BRITISH ROCK’ by Mark Evans (page 200) .

The print house have had collaborations with bands such as queens of the Stone Age , Melvins and Radiohead to name but a few.

The bands name was inspired by both the strong female vocal lead and doom metal genre so the obvious choice was to use a depiction of the bands namesake Kali: the Hindu goddess of doomsday.

Jacknifes ‘Tape Ears’ had already depicted Kali in their 2008 gig poster for Melt Banana Bristol, June 21st, so even better as it was in the bold style i really felt the band needed to attract new and present followers , ultimately our ‘ target audience’

A quote from the book ‘THE ART OF BRITISH ROCK’ page 200 states that

‘Tape Ears’ also admits to a lifelong obsession with ancient civilisations and mythology: Anything from Egyptian artefacts to Tibetan deities and Genesis Khan’

His work very much reflects this so again perfect for the aesthetic we were going for!

Having looked at the bands current financial situation however, i made the decision to reach out to a local artist which i am personally acquainted with and have worked with in order to see if we could come up with a less financially draining alternative to Jacknife studios for the band.

I got in touch with the artist known as ‘It’s Raining Art’ and i arranged a meeting with the artist in order to put forward the bands style, niche , brand  ideas and see if a different plan of payment and a cheaper alternative to the iconic screen print could be agreed upon.

After i had a meeting with the artist , a mutually beneficial deal was struck which involved myself producing back stories for the artists current works which are ‘animals with character!’ Currently on display at the Brighton based art gallery Conclave run by Sukey Booth, which i work next door to at present.

The artist and i decided to further cut print costs by having the work drawn up for the gig on procreate which not only meant that the sharing possibilities on social platforms was easy and endless due to its digital format but also we could then print it ourselves which was a financial win for the problem of limited funds.

The image uses a limited flat colour palette to replicate the more costly iconic screen print, bringing in the vintage horror aesthetic used widely by the doom metal scene intended to catch the eye of our Target Audience

# data[].attributes.body
The Beatles, who combined a love of rock & roll with an interest in country & western, American standards, English music hall and folk, used unexpected vocal harmonies from as early as their first single, and they did this by avoiding parallel thirds and going for dramatic effect.

‘Love Me Do’ is mostly sung by Lennon, but on the refrain ‘so plee-ee-ee-ease’, McCartney holds the octave while Lennon pivots beneath him. On their next single ‘Please Please Me’ they doubled down on this trick, using it in the first two lines of each verse: as they sing ‘Last night I said these words to my girl’, McCartney holds the octave while Lennon descends stepwise away from him, creating a thrilling dissonance on the word ‘night’ because they are a semitone apart from each other.

# data[].attributes.body
Solo in Jaguar God by Mastodon:
-Lightning fast hybrid chicken-picking licks
-Slow bends on the resolve

Progression in Soma by Smashing Pumpkins:
-Arpeggiated progression accompanying a rising and falling lead melody
-B E G

Verse riff in What the Hell have I by Alice in Chains:
-Sinister quaver note arpeggio
-Half-step bends and ringing open notes add egyptian flavour
-Electric sitar emphasises psychedelic, eastern timbre

Dopesmoker by Sleep:
-Sliding powerchords (5th) resolving on the root note C on fret 12
-Very slow (breve) seismic riffing driven by the rhythm section and guitar sustain

# data[].attributes.body
Last minute musician is a UK-based music agency started in 2003 that aims to provide a quick, hassle-free service. It works by providing a directory of over 3000 musicians/bands from which clients select the desired drop-down filters to match the requirements of their occasion. They can then scan the resulting profiles for further details, promotional material, reviews and videos before picking who to contact. When a musician/band creates a listing, customers can send enquiries directly through the public listing. While the agency itself won't take any of the commision fee, it costs £40 a month (standard), £55 (enhanced) for a musician/band to post a 6 month listing (with more affordable rates offered for longer listings).

# data[].attributes.body
Risk Assessment for a Rock Band:

1. Equipment Safety:

Risk: Damage or loss of equipment during transport, set up, and performance.

Mitigation: Ensure proper handling and storage of equipment, conduct regular maintenance and safety checks on equipment, and have backup equipment on hand in case of emergencies.

1. Electrical Safety:

Risk: Electrical hazards such as electric shocks or electrical fires.

Mitigation: Use certified and safe electrical equipment, conduct regular safety checks on electrical equipment, and have a qualified electrician conduct regular safety inspections.

1. Venue Safety:

Risk: Slip and fall accidents, dangerous crowd behaviors, and poor ventilation.

Mitigation: Conduct safety assessments of the venue before performing, ensure that there are adequate safety measures in place such as fire exits and first aid kits, and have security personnel to manage crowd control.

1. Noise-induced hearing loss:

Risk: Long-term exposure to loud music can cause permanent hearing damage.

Mitigation: Use earplugs or other hearing protection during rehearsals and performances, monitor sound levels, and take regular breaks to minimize exposure.

1. Personal Safety:

Risk: Injuries or illnesses sustained by band members or crew.

Mitigation: Conduct regular health and safety checks on all band members and crew, have a qualified medical professional on standby during performances, and ensure that adequate insurance coverage is in place.

1. Alcohol and Drug Abuse:

Risk: Substance abuse can negatively impact performance, behavior, and overall health.

Mitigation: Establish clear guidelines regarding alcohol and drug use, enforce a zero-tolerance policy for drug and alcohol abuse, and provide support and resources for band members and crew struggling with addiction.

By conducting regular risk assessments and implementing appropriate mitigation strategies, a rock band can minimize potential hazards and create a safe and enjoyable environment for both performers and audience members.

# data[].attributes.body
ACE is a musicians agency that has a worldwide network of booking agents, artist management companies, music venues and active musicians. It provides service to musicians and clients looking to hire and be hired for live music events and contracts by matching registered musicians with a client's request. Once matched, an email is sent with a link providing details of the contract/live music event for the musicians to review and apply directly or via shortlist.

# data[].attributes.body
Composing is a revenue stream that's available to me because I have grade 5 music theory and an understanding of how different instruments sound together. I've participated in musical theatre orchestras, played in bands and done solo performances as well as composing my own music on guitar.
Skills involved with the role are

Basic knowledge of music theory

Ability to play one or more musical instruments

Creativity

Patience

Good hearing

Manual dexterity

Hand-eye coordination

While it seems that music composer roles are more suited to those with traditional classical music degrees, there are various ways of working as a composer including: Music therapists, marketers, producers, performers and conductors. The average salary of a composer in the UK is £25,434 (Payscale, 2023) based off 6 salaries

# data[].attributes.body
Musicians inc are a London-based musicians agency started in 2002 that provide world-class musicians for live music occasions including weddings, award ceremonies, tours, product launches and corporate events. From 2012, Musicians Inc began auditioning and selecting trained musicians from Europe's leading performing arts schools and music conservatoires to sign exclusively to them. The company also offer experienced event planners to help oversea event management tasks.

# data[].attributes.headline
Which organisations would be most beneficial to my music career? (Research)

# data[].attributes.subject
Which organisations would be most beneficial to my music career? (Research)

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits of registering to PPL include:
-No sign-up fee
-Regular annual royalty payments (every June in UK)
-International collections, not just UK
-Royalties are exempt from US withholding tax of 30% if rights-holders fill out a US revenue form so the license can attain qualified intermediary status
-Personal contact service 9-6 working days
Cons of registering to PPL include:
-You won't own all the rights to your registered music

Benefits of registering to PRS include:
-Regular payments (April, July, October, September)
-International collections, not just UK
-Copyright protection for your compositions (not just recorded music)
Cons of registering to PRS include:
-£100 sign-up fee
-You won't own all the rights to your registered music

Benefits of registering to MCPS include:
-Protecting the copyright to recorded music
-Royalties to the composer are 75% for permanent downloads as opposed to the PRS standard 50-50 split
-Routes to mechanical royalties also include ringtones, covers, soundtracks and karaoke tracks
Cons of registering to MCPS include:
-It costs £100 to sign up as a writer
-Some of the eligibility criteria for MCPS membership can be obstacles to joining: would-be members are required to be commercially released by a record company that doesn't belong to them and those whose music is played online, film or TV must provide cue sheets to confirm that their music has been used in production

Benefits of registering to BMI:
-Free for songwriters
-Discounts for lots of songwriting apps and services
-Membership discount for BMI affiliates
-They provide songwriting camps and workshops for musicians
-Discounts for songwriters hall of fame
-Discounts on Video Games Live, Billboard Latin Conference and Billboard Touring conference
Cons of registering to BMI:
-Geared slightly more towards indie songwriters than live performers
-$150 for individual publishers
-Doesn't automatically renew like other PROs

Benefits of registering to ASCAP:
-Free trial of BetterHelp (counselling), Bandzoogle (Website) and discount for Doc On The Go (Medical) as part of ASCAPs wellness programme
-Protects the copyright of registered music
Cons of registering to ASCAP:
-$50 registration fee
-Takes longer to payout than other PROs

Benefits of registering to Musicians Union:
-Public liability insurance
-Access expert legal support
-£2k musical instrument insurance
-Unpaid fee recovery
-Contract templates
-Discount for students
Cons of registering to Musicians Union:
-£20 a month for standard membership

Benefits of registering to Last Minute Musicians:
-The agency won't take any of the commission fee
-One booking will easily cover the listing cost
-It's a popular service with over 60,000 inquiries in the past year
-Enhanced listings include

MP3 or Soundcloud audio

YouTube or Vimeo videos

Sample repertoire list

Availability checker

Recent client list

Setup & technical info

Free text message alerts

Price guide & terms

Rotated on home page

Cons of registering to Last Minute Musicians:
-Listing costs have to be renewed and require upfront payments (£55 per year) for standard listings and more for enhanced listings

Benefits of registering to ACE:
-Good reviews
-Free to sign up
-Receive matched bookings once signed up

Cons of registering to ACE:
-Optional subscription package required to access all features and priority

# data[].attributes.body
Performing is a potential revenue stream for me as I have experience performing solo and with ensembles. It's relevant to my long-term career goal of being a musical performer and is my ideal way of expressing myself and my proficiencies in learning, composing and playing music on guitar renders musical performance as a suitable revenue stream for me to pursue. On the contrary, music performance is a notoriously competitive field with many grass-roots acts playing for free in order to gain exposure and it is rarely relied on as a main source of revenue due to the inconsistent nature of the pay and lack of financial security.

"The happiest people I know spend 50% of their time on their career/job and 50% on their art"-Derek Sivers

The demanding nature of pursuing a lucrative performing career may result in the lines being blurred between job and art. Although the idea of being a music performer and spending all of my time and energy into my art sounds appealing, it's worth taking into consideration that over time, the mounting pressures that come with relying on a music performance career could render it more as work than art.

Music performers have the perk of travelling around, meeting new people, becoming enriched in local culture and experiencing freedom not found in a typical 9-5 job. This aligns with my aspirations to travel the world with my partner/vocalist and is good for avoiding the monotony of working in the same space.

# data[].attributes.body
Streaming royalties is a potential revenue stream for me provided I have a recorded track(s) that'll garner enough popularity to see sufficient return. It requires music to be recorded and uploaded to streaming services such as spotify, apple music and deezer. With popular distribution services like DistroKid, a subscription of $23 will allow unlimited uploads to multiple streaming services and they pay out 100% of the mechanical royalties. Despite this, streaming royalties are notorious for being unprofitable as the costs involved in recording music tend to eclipse the estimated £0.0031 per stream (Music Gateway). This means that in order to make an annual salary of £20k, it's estimated one would have to generate approximately 6.5 million streams per year. To summarise, music streams can be a great way to gain exposure and having one's own recordings available for public listening can be a good sense of accomplishment however it can't be ignored that relying on the royalties generated by streaming is ill-informed as it's an unstable source of revenue. For me, I look forward to the prospect of getting my music out there and heard but this revenue stream will be viewed as supplementary income and not a lucrative pursuit.

# data[].attributes.body
PRO:

It's worth noting that once a piece of music is registered to a PRO, it cannot be registered with another PRO so it's important to consider details like how popular the service is and what percentage of the commision fees are taken by the company. The most popular service out of those elected for review is BMI with 1.3 million copyright holders, with ASCAP not far behind with 925,000 and PRS is the least popular with 160,000 members. In terms of commision fee percentages taken by the 3 PROs, ASCAP takes 10%, BMI takes 12% and PRS takes 10% but where PRS differs is PRS is a UK-based PRO that has links to british broadcasting companies so can be better for synch licensing deals. The others, although more popular, are American so aren't relevant to my musical career.

Currently with my music career at grassroots level, signing up to a free PRO is a way of ensuring the copyright of any music I compose or record is protected and while the paid PROs may have more useful potential to established musicians, it makes more sense for me to first reap the benefits of a free PRO and when my career is making enough to cover registration fees, I can endeavour to register with a paid PRO.