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Braena Timothy R. Canlas

This painting  is a representational art portrays something other than its form. This painting falls under the classification of the contemporary life of the Filipino farmers in 1951. The painting basically captures the traditional Filipino occupation of the farm life of men and women in a sunny day.

(source: https://pensievemindniche.wordpress.com/2014/11/01/planting-rice-1951-by-fernando-amorsolo/)

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Student #1: Joe Matthew Ong

1. It's name or title
- Fernando Amorsolo
2. It's art category or form
- Painting
3. It's purpose or interpretation
- Amorsolo uses natural light in his paintings, which developed the backlighting technique (Chiaroscuro). This technique became his trademark and greates contribution to Philippine painting.

(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Amorsolo)

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Jose David and Khyle Garfin

Boaya is a Jewelry/Necklace made by Bontoc Ethnic Group. It is worn by men to show their statuses as headhunters. They also wear these, together with the tangkil, during ceremonies and rituals such as begnus ritual for rice production. Boaya is made of runo reed and boar's tusks/crocodile teeth.

sources: http://www.cordilleran-collection.de/index.php/en/villages/physical-adornment/item/192-boaya-necklace
http://www.artiste.com.ph/ornaments3.html#:~:text=%E2%80%8BThe%20lingling%2Do%20are,and%20fertility%20to%20the%20wearer.&text=Bontoc%20composed%20of%20crocodile%20teeth,American%20Indian%20bear%20claw%20necklace

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(Janine Lynnoel Montero)
-The title of this painting is ''Women working in rice field'', painted by Fabian de la Rosa a Filipino. This painting was created in 1902-1902. The medium that was used on this painting was oil on canvas with the size of 65 x 96 cm. (25.6 x 37.8 in.) This painting received the golden award at the International Exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, USA in 1904.

(Karl Matthew Cruz)

-The painting tells us the Filipino experience from the field labor. it also describes as the life of Filipino with process of self discovery and self awareness.

- It also depicts gender equality.
Knowing that almost all farmers are men. Women  tend to do works similar to men.

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Student #2: Mikaela Aira O. Casabar

As we can see, the body of the women in the painting are highlighted by Amorsolo’s famous backlighting technique. It is said that “Philippine sunlight was a constant feature of Amorsolo’s work,” and it is beautifully portrayed in this painting. Additionally, the women can be seen winnowing rice, which is an agricultural method for separating grain from chaff. This painting captures the hard work filipino’s endure in traditional occupations.

(source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/442760207111783546/)

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(name of student # 1)
This artifact justifies the belief of our ancestors about afterlife.
A Manunggul Jar is a type of burial jar made by the early Filipinos during the late Neolithic Period, about 890-710 B.C.
This artifact was found in the early 1960’s in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan by Dr. Robert B. Fox and Miguel Antonio in 1962. This is considered as one of the most important national treasure in the Philippines.
(source: national museum)

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(name of student # 2)
On top of the jar cover or lid, there's a figurine that shows two human figures sailing using a small boat. This is aligned with the beliefs of early Filipinos that a who have died, his/her soul will travel or sail away. This is the concept of afterlife by the early Filipino settlers.
(source: national museum)

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(Pauline Anne Batalla)

Palay Maiden was made by Fernando Amorsolo that was renowned as a first Contemporary Filipino Artist. Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto  is considered as one of the most important artists in the history of painting in the Philippines. He is known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of life. In his paintings of Filipina women, he rejected Western ideals of beauty in favor of Filipino Ideals and was fond of basing the faces oh his subjects on members of his family.
"Palay Maiden" celebrated the Filipina in her own  likeness, carrying new harvest to symbolize the hope for a rising nation. The scene is bathed in sunlight and features a country maiden. "Palay Maiden" is a fine example of Fernando Amorsolo's favorite subject and setting.

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(Estonina and Beldua)
-This painting was painted by Fernando Amorsolo. He was a dominant figure in the visual arts of the Philippines during the Second World War into the post-war period. This painting is painted in 1949 It shows a contentment and peaceful life of the people before the second world war and into the post-war period. In this canvas painting you can see the Filipinos countryside that is populated with beautiful and happy people. It explain the enduring popularity in the Philippines that is one of the problems that we our facing  today. As you can see in the painting There is a volcano and  landscape that portrays as hopeful, abundant and harmonious of the places and This is the reason why we have celebrated symbol in the Philippines which is the Mayon volcano. It plays a significant role in Amorsolo's painting because it shows the importance of his wish to represent the beautiful and peaceful spirit of the nation on that painting. This painting helps us to see what exactly it looks like to live in the period of American colonization in the Philippines.
- This painting emphasizes amorsolo's wish to represent the spirit of the nation on canvas. It was painted in oil on canvas with the size of 61 x 86 cm. It was made to remember the history culture of every filipino that our human is the main topic. It basically captures the traditional Filipino occupation of the farm life of men and women in a hot sunny day and it shows how enduring they are and how the farmers work together.

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(Michaela Angelica S. Oñate)
Bulul or "Bul-ul", named as the "guardians of the harvest",  is a wooden sculptured figure of Ifugao. It shows a male figure who is a rice deity. The figure could be a standing or a seated man. This was found in the 19th century or earlier. It was used by the Northern People of Luzon to protect their rice crops from pests and bad yield and even in their rituals for the abundance of their rice crops.
(Reference for the photo: Bernard de Grunne and other source: Met Museum)

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Bianca Soon and Michael Calalin

Purgatorio (purgatory) in  1805 its the second part of Dante's Divine Comedy. This shows the eight forms of punishment that the soul must pass to be cleansed and reach heaven. This artwork was exclusively for the churches and religious purposes, and its represents the penitent christian life. This painting is located in Paete Laguna Church.
(source: www.christies.com)

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In the church of Paete, Laguna there are 2 works by Josef Luciano Dans, he's one of the earliest recorded painters in Philippine history and his artwork is about "Langit, Lupa, at Impyerno" it's a three level painting which shows the holy trinity, mary the mother of christ, saints, the seven blessed sacraments and macabre depiction of hell.

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RedKen C.  Antonio #2

Bul-ul jar are carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos. It symbolizes their ancestral spirits and house spirit of their Ancestors. The figure shows a seated ifugao "Bulul".  It is also called as "Guardians of the Harvest", it is usually comes in pairs.
(source: slideshare)

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Palay Maiden, 1920
Oil in Canvas
Palay is a tagalog word for grain, which is symbolic of the Philippines' most staple crop. Maiden is very important for Amorsolo's preference of beauty, Amorsolo doesn't conform to the Western standard of beauty, that is why he created a woman who has a round face, not the oval type just like what is presented in a magazines. The eyes should be exceptionally lively. The nose should be a blunt form but firm and strongly marked, and the ideal Filipina beauty should not necessarily white complexioned.

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(Ken Christopher Gomez)
Kulintang is classified as a Percussion Instrument. This is oftenly played in weddings, feast, fetives, harvest gatherings, rituals, and in any other ceremonies. This is also used to send message from 1 village to onother.

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(Ehra Consulta)
Kulintang music is also considered to an ancient tradition that influences of many religions. In the Philippines it represents the highest form of gong music performed by some of filipinos and it is still performing in the present.

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Natagoc

As you can see the filipina was blindfolded, Why? it shows that amid of the harassment of the japanese they are just pretending to be blind as if they are not seeing the harassment that the japanese are doing to their body.

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Jose David and Khyle Garfin

Hanging from the necklace are boar's tusks/crocodile teeth. This is to show that the person who wear this are headhunters. It is said that during its crafting, magical powers were transferred to it. Meaning, the tusks might carry speed, endurance, and the ferocity of wild boars.

source: https://www.catawiki.com/l/11200159-boaya-necklace-ifugao-northern-luzon-the-philippines#:~:text=Boars%20tusks%2C%20plait%20work.,the%20ferocity%20of%20wild%20boars

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Jhanina Rivera

This is a complete package in itself. The love of the mother to the child was still clearly shown in the following. First, the tightness of embrace of the mother. She wraps her arms around her baby to secure him/her by giving support to the chest and kness. This simbolizes protection. Another symbolism for the protection is the baby being fully clothed. If you noticed, the baby also is tilted to the left side of the mothers chest.
This may symbolize the mother's love that she wanted the baby to be literally close to her heart.

source: appreciatingart.blogspot.com

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"Maguindanao Princess"(Tausug Princess) of Irineo Miranda

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"Maguindanao Princess"(Tausug Princess) of Irineo Miranda

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(Student #2 Jose Benedict De Mesa)

Irineo Miranda was a UP student who finished Fine Arts in 1916. He is best known as a watercolorist, illustrator, and cartoonist. He was called the "Dean of Philippine Cartoonists" and was listed as an "Assistant Instructor in Illustration, Cartooning and Commercial Designing, and Elementary Decorative Painting".

Tausug Princess (Maguindanao Princess) was painted in Oil on canvas in 1951. It was a painting by Irineo Miranda that depicts a beautiful muslim woman wearing a colorful attire from the Philippines named Santanina Tillah Rasul. She was also the favorite model of now national artist. She graduated Cum Laude in A.B. Political Science in UP and the first Muslim woman member of the Senate of the Philippines.

Source: https://geronimocristobal.com/2015/02/15/the-princess-and-the-painter/

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Hans Salvador
The Kalinga group uses their thumbs to pluck 2 string on the front side, while their middle and index fingers are used to pluck the four strings on the dorsal side. There are also other ways in playing the Kolitong, such as the Ilonggo version where the man holds the instrument while the woman uses bamboo sticks to strike the strings.
source: www.kipas.nl, ncca.gov.ph

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James Cabilla
The Kolitong is an instrument which originates from Bontok, Kalinga. It’s category is chordophone, a polychordal tube zither. It’s body, the tube, serves as the resonator. It is made from a bamboo shoot with closed ends, but The Kalingas use this as a solo instrument during night time. You can find Kolitongs in Mindanao, Palawan, and the Cordillera mountain ranges. The Kolitong is played by using your fingers.
source: philnews.ph

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According to the sculpture's artist, the blindfold represents "injustice or the continuous desire for justice" for Filipina victims who has been abused by the Japanese soldiers during the Japan Occupation in 1942-1945.

source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipina_Comfort_Women

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— PATALINGHUG, CORDIS

“Filipina comfort women” was a statue design by Jonas Roces. The Bronze statue was about 2 meters tall and it was publicly displayed along Baywalk, Roxas Boulevard, Manila. The Filipina Comfort Women statue pays tribute to Filipino comfort women kept as sex slaves by Japanese soldiers during World War II. She represented Filipina victims who suffered during the Japanese Occupation from 1942-1945.

Source: https://japan-forward.com/foreign-ministry-didnt-know-chinese-hand-seen-in-comfort-women-statue-in-manila/

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Langit, Lupa at Impierno by Jose Luciano Dans

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Langit, Lupa at Impierno by Jose Luciano Dans

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Langit, Lupa at Impierno painting is one of Jose Luciano Dans' breathtaking work and about 5 meters tall. The painting is divided into three segment in which the Seven Blessed Sacraments, Holy Trinity, Saints, Mary the Mother of Christ, and the macabre representation of Hell. The upper part illustrate the crucifixion of Christ located in heaven. Next, the two figures in the middle of the painting represents Adam and Eve that is standing in the Tree of Knowledge. Lastly, at the lower level of the painting, is Hell. Sufferings and tortures are easily seen and ifentified in the painting. As clearly seen, it is a magnificient piece of a colonial artwork made by a Filipino artist.

Reference: https://ajpoliquit.wordpress.com/2010/09/01/the-state-of-art-in-paete/
https://discoveringpaete.wordpress.com/infrastructures/san-santiago-apostol/paetenians-work-of-art/

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Impyerno in the painting of "Langit, Lupa at Impyerno"

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Impyerno in the painting of "Langit, Lupa at Impyerno"

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At the lower part of the painting, you can see the third section which is the hell. Here you can be seen the people who are suffering because of the wrong deeds they do when they're still alive. Hell is where people punished with different transgressions. They were going to torture as eternal punishment after death. It is one of the beliefs we got when we were colonized by Spanish, the reliance in religious beliefs.

Reference: https://uninspiredbuddha.wordpress.com/2012/03/14/lenten-pilgrimage/dscf0098/

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KRYSTEL ANN MARAYAG

The Oblation is a concrete sculpture by Philippine National Artist Guillermo Tolentino that serves as the University of the Philippines' iconic symbol.

It illustrates a man looking upward with outstretched arms, symbolizing how one has a thirst for freedom and an eagerness to offer his whole self for the country. The sculpture was originally fully naked but conservative folks didn't like it, that's why a fig leaf was added to cover the genitals.

The concept for the Oblation was first conceived during the presidency of Rafael Palma, who was the one who commissioned Tolentino to create the sculpture.

(Source:https://www.google.com/amp/s/jazperjay.wordpress.com/2014/05/18/weekly-photo-challenge-work-of-art/amp/)

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JESTER ALLEN DE LUNA

The oblation was made by Guillermo Tolentino on November 29, 1958 but it was actually commissioned to him by the U.P. president Rafael Palma. He ordered  Tolentino to translate the second stanza of "mi ultimo adios" (last farewell) of Jose Rizal as an inspiration.

The supposedly final design of the preliminary sketches was a nude man. President Palma was fascinated by it but when it was presented to the former UP president Jorge Bacobo, he suggested to cover the male's private part with a fig leaf. The oblation in Spanish is "pahinungod" or paghahandog in Filipino. This has been the major rallying point for protest, social criticism, expression of public service, nationalism, and patriotism that is why UP is well known for having activist students. The oblation's presence in the campuses symbolizes unity in mission, vision, and tradition and ever since become a symbol of academic freedom.

(Source:https://iskomunidad.upd.edu.ph/index.php/Oblation)

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Sculpture of Mother and Child by Rey Paz Contreras

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Sculpture of Mother and Child by Rey Paz Contreras

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(Janice Matunan)
Mother and Child was carved from wood by Rey Paz Contreras. It is inspired by indigenous Filipino cultures. The mother wears an Igorot-like called tapis which was also made from tiny pieces of wood and you could also see a basket tied around her waist, while the child is carved to be wrapped in cloth unlike the mother's tapis . (source: appreciatingart.blogspot.com)

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SOPHIA CHAVEZ
Along Manila Bay a head turner statue was built through the donation of chosen citizens of manila and groups of Lila Filipina, Tulay Foundation Inc. and Wai Ting Charitable Foundation Ltd. This perhaps is the first statue in Philippines to symbolize women of oppression specifically sex slaves by the Japanese invaders during World War 2. Based on research studies, there were 17 comfort stations established by the Japanese during the occupation in Manila, 2 in iloilo City, and unconfirmed number in Laguna province, Tacloban, Butuan, Cagayan, Dansalan, other parts pf Panay island and Masbate. The rape by that time were called by the Japanese as "comfort stations".
This statue was design by Jonas Roces and represented as a Filipinas who became victims of abuse in the Philippines during the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945).
source: https://indiohistorian.tumblr.com/post/171654045506/a-monument-to-the-forgotten-filipina-when-you?fbclid=IwAR088ENFW64S7W_CinVYRZ5uK9xhcywMq18sD1QinIZTpc6C4wjxD0lsXRM

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Espinosa
San Augustin Church is one of the four Philippine churches that is designated as a World Heritage site by Unesco. The church as of today is constructed using large stones that was influenced by the Baroque. They started to build it back in 1587 and completed in 1606. It is very admiring that the church has withstand earthquakes, typhoons, and wars. The church was built by the spanish to spread the Catholic religion. Their goal is to convert people as much as possible.
sources: (www.timetravelturtle.com and www.tripsavvvy.com)

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Eusebio
- The San Agustin Church is the oldest church in the Philippines. It serves as a mark of the end of the Spanish conquest and occupancy in Manila. The Spanish Colonizers made it their top mission to spread Catholicism in the Philippines. Churches were built around the country for Christianity to strive, and as a result, the San Agustin Church was built. It is considered to be the oldest church in the Philippines that is made of stone. The San Agustin Church is one of the Baroque Churches in the Philippines aside from Miagao Church in Iloilo, and Paoay Church in Ilocos. Baroque Churches are commonly characterized as squat, monumental, massive in appearance which shows a very protective character in response to outside attacks and natural disasters. This is why the San Agustin Church has been reconstructed to use stone. Like Miagao Church, the San Agustin Church has its bell tower attached to the main church. In the ceiling, paintings in the style of tromp l'oeil can be seen.
- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/677/
- https://ph.hotels.com/go/philippines/philippines-baroque-churches

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Katrina Paula Bueta

The Spoliarium is a painting by Filipino painter Juan Luna in 1884 in Madrid with a size of 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters, it is the largest painting in the Philippines. Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions. Definitely, the painting shows a tragic event. But it also shows a deeper meaning, especially for the Filipinos during the time of the Spanish colonization. The painting symbolizes the despair and the countless deaths of Filipinos during the Spanish reign.

Source: (https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/how-to-find-art-forgeries-philippines-a1521-20180918-lfrm2) (https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Spoliarium.html)

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(Maria Benita Rebate)
- the  Spoliarium is a latin word which refers to the basement of a roman collosseum where there are dumped dying gladiators  for their worldly possession. it is the most valuable oil-in-canvas that was painted by Juan Luna at year of 1884. At the center of this painting is the fallen gladiators being dragged by roman soldiers. if you will look at the right side, you will feel a very sad mood. meanwhile, if you are going to look at the left side, you will see the spectators ardently await their chance to strip off the combatants of their metal helmets are other armors. It is the biggest painting in the Philippines.

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(Student #1 Lady Celine San Juan)

- This painting was painted by Irineo Miranda.  He was born in San Fernando, Pampanga on December 15, 1896. He is a known illustrator, watercolorist, and cartoonist. He finished Fine Arts in the University of the Philippines in 1916. Miranda died in 1964 due to a heart attack.

- This painting is entitled Tausug Princess and a portrait of Santanina Tillah Rasul. She was then a third-year political science student at the time this was painted.

- She characterizes a Muslim Philippine Woman by wearing a colorful attire.

- Oil on canvas

- This artwork also signifies the beauty of a modern Filipinas.