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"It may be said that in primitive man a fresh access of libido kindled a renewed burst of activity on the part of the destructive instinct" (2). In other words, primitive people, those without civilization, are more prone to destruction, because they are have no super-ego to stop their love of destruction.

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“You are rich because you are white, you are white because you are rich” (40). Here Fanon is claiming that their is no distinction between wealth and race in a colonized nation. The foreigners are wealthy because they exploited the natives, and they exploited the natives because they are foreigners.

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"The violence with which the supremacy of white values is affirmed and the aggressiveness which has permeated the victory of these values over the ways of life and of thought of the native mean that, in revenge, the native laughs in mockery when Western values are mentioned in front of him" (43). In other words, Western values are used upon the natives in an unethical way, that they in native appreciates this irony. In doing so sees how western morals are thrust upon them in such an immoral way. I would like to mention that Fanon never says Western values are bad or wrong, only the use of them as a weapon is wrong.

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"The native is declared insensible to ethics;he represents not only the absence of values, but is also the negation of values... the enemy of values, and in this sense he is the absolute evil" (41). Fanon is saying that in colonized countries, the native people are not only considered unethical, but incapable of having values. This effectively belittles the natives, giving them less value as a human being.

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"That is to say, as well as Eros there was an instinct of death" (1). Freud is saying that humans naturally have two conflicting instincts, one desiring love and procreation, and the other fascinated with death and destruction(including self-destruction).

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"[O]ne can hold God responsible for the existence of the Devil just as well as for the existence of the wickedness which the Devil embodies" (1). In other words, when you rationally analyse Christianity, you can credit God with the greatness of the world and the wickedness as well. This means that the religious separation of good(God) and evil(the devil), and the obligatory nature of religion to this notion is creating a society incapable of independent thinking.

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"[W]hen one surveys the aims of cultural endeavor and the mans it employs, one is bound to come to the conclusion that the whole effort is not worth the trouble, and that the outcome of it can only be a state of affairs which the individual will be unable to tolerate" (6-7). In other words, when one examines society and civilization, the only logical conclusion to which they can arrive is that of a system that no person residing in it can endure and that the system as a whole is not worth the price it takes to build and maintain.

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"Law, Morality, religion, are to [the proletariat] so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests" (18). This quote is saying that the upper class uses ideas and beliefs to control the lower class, at surface level, these things are good and beneficial to society, but dig a little deeper and you find the upper classes puppet strings.

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"Just as [the bourgeoisie] has made the country dependent on the towns, so it has made barbarian and semi-barbarian countries dependent on the civilized ones, nations of peasants on nations of bourgeois, the East on the West" (9). What Marx is saying is that the upper class has created a structure, a world, that is dependent upon them, not only the people of their state, but of countless others. Western social structure, and indeed Western trade has infiltrated the East, making them reliant upon the West.

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"The bourgeoisie, by the rapid improvement of all instruments of production, by the immensely facilitated means of communication, draws all, even the most barbarian, nations into civilization" (8). In other words, the immense increase in production leads to a dramatic shift from savage nations to civilization. Thus, as a result of upper class proceedings, they create the same conditions in other states, birthing a new set of bourgeoisie.

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"[E]very form of society has been based, as we have already seen, on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes" (19). In other words, history displays civilization as a power struggle between to forces, those who control society, and those who are controlled by the former for the purpose of gaining power.

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Terms and Connections