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Marking the beginning of Japanese expansion in Asia, the Japanese Annexation of Korea was when Korea was annexed by Japan in 1910; this event rendered Korea to be a part of Japan until 1945. After the annexation, Japan wanted Japanese influence in Korea, so they pushed aside Korean culture by destroying anything that reminded them of their culture and forced them to adapt to theirs. For instance, they burned Korean books on their history and texts and practically wiped Korean from media systems. They also forbade Korean in the education system and taught Japanese instead to force their loyalty to the Japanese emperor. Due to the series of hardships that Koreans went through during this time, this time period was considered a dark time in Korean history.

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The Xinhai Revolution which was also known as the 1911 revolution, was a revolt that ended China’s imperial dynasty. More specially, Emperor Puyi, also known as the last emperor of China, abdicated his throne in 1912 and led the Qing dynasty to be overthrown, resulting in China becoming a republic. Sun Yat-Sen and Yuan Shikai gained power and led the new Republic of China, however, this republic soon started to fall apart, causing national disunity.

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The Taisho Period was a period in Japanese history when Emperor Taisho (Yoshihito) was on the throne. This period was marked to be an era of rapid modernization in Japan as many social and governmental changes occurred; this period made Japan become more liberal. Japanese culture and daily life became westernized, women and men began opting for a bolder clothing style (modern girl and modern boy. However, during this era, there was also an increase in democracy, and this created oppositions to democracy to grow as the government seemed to be corrupt; the country was often full of political turmoil and protests.

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Considered to be one of the first modern wars of the 20th century, World War I was a global war that originated in Europe after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. The war lasted from 1914 to 1918 and the two sides who fought against each other during this war were the Central Powers and the Allies. The Central powers consisted of Germany, Turkey, and Austria-Hungary whereas the Allies consisted of France, Russia, Japan, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and The United States (Allies won the war). As the name of the war suggests, this war was the first large-scale battle in modern history and had a very big impact on many countries.

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The Warlord Period in China was when many regional warlords who used to serve for Yuan Shikai gained power in parts of China after his death; there was no strong central government to tie things together. As the country was in control of many small leaders instead of one supreme leader, this led to a period of civil war between the regional warlords in China. This period was eventually stopped when Chiang-kai Shek from the Kuomintang party unified them.

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The March 1st movement was when Koreans resisted against Japanese powers to demand Korean independence. Although the movement was quickly suppressed (12 months) and failed to bring Korea’s independence, it still was Impactful. The movement led to the birth of Korea’s provisional government in China and also strengthened national unity. The March 1st movement also had impacts outside of Korea as it sparked a desire in other colonized countries to begin fighting for their independence.

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The Showa Period started when Emperor Taisho died and his son, Hirohito took over the throne. During this period, Japan changed significantly as the nation had an increase in fascism, militarism, and imperialism. Additionally, lots of propaganda were present and they turned citizens into believing that their leader was a supreme being and that their country was superior to others.  As Japan experienced an economic recession, more and more people started to believe these ideologies; this resulted in Japan becoming diplomatically isolated from the rest of the world.

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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic crisis that started when the United State’s stock market crashed in 1929. This then soon affects many other countries, causing unemployment and debt to rise around the world. Japan too was affected by this event as their economy also plummeted. This economic recession caused Japan to distrust and abandon democracy, leading them to adopt to a more militaristic and fascist government.

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The Mukden Incident was an event where Japanese troops took occupation of the city of Mukden which was then followed by the occupation of Manchuria in 1931. This incident started when an explosion occurred on the railroad track near the city of Mukden, which was being guarded by the Chinese troops at the time. It is believed that Japan used this explosion as an excuse to justify the invasion they launched on Manchuria.

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July 7, 1937 : Marco Polo Bridge Incident

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July 7, 1937 : Marco Polo Bridge Incident

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The Marco Polo Bridge Incident was when a conflict between Chinese and Japanese troops occurred near the Marco Polo Bridge. This incident started when a Japanese soldier failed to follow instructions and failed to come back to his unit. In search of the soldier, Japanese patrols in Beijing demanded entry into the town of Wanping, but were denied access. Then, a shot was heard and the two sides immediately started firing at each other. More forces from both sides started joining the fight and this event eventually led up to the Second Sino-Japanese war.

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The Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanjing, was an event that lasted 6 weeks where Japanese soldiers murdered, raped, and abused Nanjing citizens. During the Second Sino-Japanese war, the Chinese capital, Nanjing, was conquered by Japanese forces. During the cities occupation, the Japanese soldiers started a mass killing and raping of Chinese civilians. Although around 200,000 citizens were protected by the International Committee For Nanjing Safety Zone, It is believed that around 50,000 to 300,000 were still killed.

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a raid launched by Japan that struck the naval based located on Pearl Harbor. The Attack on Pearl Harbor started when the US did not agree with the Japanese expansion and stopped trading materials such as oil and iron to Japan. Although Japan tried to negotiate with the US, they failed to make an agreement and as a result, Japan decided to launch an attack on Pearl Harbor. The surprise attack was successful as it managed to destroy 20 American naval vessels, 300 planes, 2,400 lives, and also sank the USS Arizona. However, this event led the United States to enter World War II and side with the Allies.

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March 9-10, 1945 : Firebombing of Tokyo 

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March 9-10, 1945 : Firebombing of Tokyo 

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The Firebombing of Tokyo was when the United States conducted a Firebombing raid on Tokyo and other major Japanese cities. Killing between 80,000 to 130,000 civilians, this event left one million Japanese citizens homeless. This air raid lowered Japanese morale, scaring and terrorizing the Japanese into surrendering. However, Japan still had refused to surrender.

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August 6-9, 1945: Atomic Bombings of Japan

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August 6-9, 1945: Atomic Bombings of Japan

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The Atomic bombing of Japan was when two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan; one was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th and the other was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th. Lead by Robert Oppenheimer, by July 1945, the United States had developed the world’s first atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project. Killing around 130,000 to 230,000 Japanese citizens, the atomic bombs dropped on Japan were the first and only atomic bombs to ever be dropped. Although this later caused a rift in wartime ethicality, with new rules being applied regarding using the atomic bomb, the bombs that were dropped on Japan were justified as they were dropped in the hopes of limiting war casualties by making Japan surrender.

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August 10 - September 2, 1945: Japanese Surrender

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August 10 - September 2, 1945: Japanese Surrender

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On August 10, 1945, the Japanese decide to surrender and the terms of their surrender were agreed upon on August 14; the formal surrender of Japan was done on September 2. The Allies agree to accept Emperor Hirohito as sovereign on the condition that he subjects to the supreme commanders of the Allied Powers. Additionally, the United States and Soviet Union agree to divide Korea into two halves along the 38th parallel, resulting in what we now know as North and South Korea.

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April 29, 1946 - November 12, 1948 : Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal

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April 29, 1946 - November 12, 1948 : Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal

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The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal was a military trial that occurred where the 11 judges from the Allied Powers tried 28 high-ranking Japanese military and political officials. The trial resulted in 3 being found not guilty, 16 sentenced to lifetime imprisonment, 2 sentenced to imprisonment, and 7 being sentenced to death. This trial exposed the many inhumane war atrocities that Japan has committed and had punished them for them.

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October 1, 1949 - People's Republic of China Declared

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October 1, 1949 - People's Republic of China Declared

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After the victory of the Communist forces during the Chinese civil war, Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People’s Republic of China. Many Americans did not approve of this event as they believed that China had become communists due to Democrats being too soft on communism; this started a wave of anti-communist movements in the United States. Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, China became allies with countries such as North Korea and the Soviet Union. This also started land reforms in Chinese countrysides.