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Russian economy was not developed enough and relied on foreign investment

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118 strikes in June 1914

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around 800,000 Russian soldiers had died by autumn 1915

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deterioration, even failure on poorly-maintained transportation system due to heavy use of transporting soldiers and equipments

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Society was more receptive to anti-war propaganda and rhetoric

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Conscription of men resulted in shortage on peasant landholdings and decline in food production

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The fact that there were more men mobilised to fight in WWI compared to weaponry available (6.5 million men compared to 4.6 million rifles at the end of 1914)

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The Tsar's absence in Petrograd (due to becoming commander in chief) resulted in powerful union bw tsarina and Rasputin with them taking control of political matters in Russia

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inefficiency of transport system lead to food shortages in cities and on the front

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When conscription orders were distributed in the capital, more than 95 per cent of conscripts reported willingly for duty.

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rasputin was a paradoxical faith figure who managed to infiltrate the Romanov's. he was a filthy peasant who by night got drunk and had lots of sex, but by day was 'healing' the Tsarovich alexei

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Priests blessed those going to war, showing their dependence and belief in the church.

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russia had spent more than 1.5 billion roubles on the war, meant higher taxes and foreign loans, eventually led to hyperinflation

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inadequate food shipments in urban areas due to failing transportation: Petrograd needed 12,000 wagons of food per month, however on Jan 1917, only 6556 wagons were received.

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Anti-government sentiment and unrest had been building since 1912 when tsarist troops gunned down hundreds of striking miners at Lena River.

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Many members of the government lost faith in the Tsar after his decision to replace commander-in-chief of Russian armed forces with himself in August 1915

General Brusilov claiming "Everyone knew that Nicholas understood next to nothing about military matters"

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inflation by 400% by late 1916

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1912 rumours of a sexual relationship between Rasputin and Tsarina Alexandra. exacerbated by a leaked letter.

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For loyalists and conservatives, Rasputin had to be stopped before he toppled the dynasty

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Rasputin's ministerial leapfrogging worsened the unstable government
(Sep1915-Feb 1917) went through 4 PMs, 3 War ministers and 5 Interior ministers

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ministerial leap-frogging- Alexandra and Rasputin firing and reappointing ministers in favour of the Romanovs when Nicholas was at war 1915-17

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Rasputin’s murder was intended to save tsarism – but the end of tsarism was already imminent, perhaps even inevitable.

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fears of rasputin brinign down dynastry amongst conservative aristocrats.

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"Rasputin could help the little people because the important people he had helped owed him favours. ‘I can do anything’ he said, and because he could get results so often, he was believed. His confidence grew with each success and with it, his ego.”
Ted Gottfried

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Between September 1915 and February 1917, Russia went through four prime ministers, three war ministers and five interior ministers. Most were replaced at Rasputin’s behest. This ministerial leapfrogging destabilised an already foundering government.

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'Rasputin became the focal point of anti-tsarist propaganda, evidence that tsarism was rotten to the core.'