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Past ponders of the quartz field vegetation of the Succulent Karoo appeared how plant communities are scattered along a wide extend of abiotic habitat conditions extending from modestly to greatly saline (0.1–10 mS/cm), from exceptionally acidic (pH 3.5) to somewhat alkaline (pH 8.5), and from exceptionally shallow to modestly profound soils (0–0.25 m)

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The altitude is generally underneath 800 m, but within the east it may reach 1 500 m.

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In the lower lying coastal regions such as the Knersvlakte, frost is extremely rare. However, at higher elevations further inland such as the Roggeveld Karoo, frost is relatively commonplace, occurring on average around 60 days per year.

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Most of the region has winter rainfall, with the eastern Little Karoo experiencing year round precipitation.

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Mean annual precipitation for most vegetation units across the biome is from 100-200 mm. Some areas, including those adjoining the Namib Desert, experience less than 100 mm. The wettest part of the biome is the Robertson Karoo that received mean annual precipitation of almost 300 mm.

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There is limited water available, the plants in the Succulent Karoo Biome store the rainfall water in their roots, leaves and/or stems. Across southern Africa temperatures are forecast to extend with the zone anticipated to encounter expanding aridity and longer and more extraordinary periods of dry season.

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The Riverine rabbit is critically endangered

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There is little difference between the soils of the Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo Biomes - both are lime-rich, weakly developed soils on rock. The Olifants and Doring Rivers are the major drainage systems in the west, with the Gouritz River in the south-east of the biome.

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The mean annual temperature for the Succulent Karoo biome is 16.8 °C. Although the annual average minimum and maximum temperatures are 9°C/48°F and 24°C/75°F respectively, the climate is one of extremes, and temperatures range from –15°C/-27°F on the plateau in winter to over 40°C/104°F on the plains in summer.

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Physiographic and economic factors- Map of the location of the biome:

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Physiographic and economic factors- Map of the location of the biome:

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The majority of the Succulent Karoo biome has a relatively mild climate with a strong maritime influence.

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The botterboom (Tylecodon paniculatus) is a stem succulent that has glossy leaves in winter and red flowers in summer. Halfmens also known as Pachypodium namaquanum is a stem succulent endemic to the Richtersveld that can grow up to four meters tall.

Bottorboom in Summer

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~Tankwa Karoo National Park
~Karoo National Park
~Namaqua National Park
~West Coast National Park
~Richtersveld National Park

Namaqua National Park

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Names of provinces where this biome is found:

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Names of provinces where this biome is found:

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~Northern Cape.
~Western Cape.
~On the coast of the Eastern Cape.

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~Sutherland; For having  some of the most clearest and darkest nights in the world.

~ Ladismith and Montagu- Home to the Anysberg Nature Reserve.

Sutherland in Northern Cape

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There are more or less 75 mammal species in the succulent Karoo biome, two of these are epidemic being the De Winton's golden mole which has an oily secretion that makes the fur shine and the Namaqua dune mole rat.

De Winton's golden mole

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J.M. Baskin, C.C. Baskin (1988) Endemism in rock outcrop plant communities on unglaciated eastern United States: an evaluation on the roles of edaphic, genetic, and light factors
Journal of Biogeography, 15. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629915002719#:~:text=Previous%20studies%20of%20the%20quartz,from%20very%20shallow%20to%20moderately. [Accessed 7 March 2021]

SANBI, Pretoria (December 2006). The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. (pp.220-29), Biomes of the World https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281545280_Succulent_Karoo_Biome. [Accessed 7 March 2021]

Low & Rebelo (1996) Succulent Karoo Biome, Vegetation of SA. http://pza.sanbi.org/vegetation/succulent-karoo-biome#:~:text=The%20altitude%20is%20mostly%20below,weakly%20developed%20soils%20on%20rock. [Accessed 7 March 2021]

conservation international. (2021). SUCCULENT KAROO - SPECIES. Available: https://www.cepf.net/our-work/biodiversity-hotspots/succulent-karoo/species#:~:text=Notable%20plant%20species%20found%20in,up%20to%20four%20meters%20tall.. Last accessed 7 March 2021.

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General physical characteristics of this biome:

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General physical characteristics of this biome:

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~Is a vast, semi-arid desert containing mountain ranges and ancient rock formations.
~Flat, undulating plains as well as hilly "broken" veld.

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This gorgeous biome is threatened by mining activities, overgrazing and the illegal trade of it's succulents leaving less than 30% of the hotspot in it's original condition.

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The armadillo girdled lizard also known as Cordylus cataphractus, has a heavily armored body and spine-like tail and is known for rolling into a tight ball when threatened. The Barking gecko like many other geckos has the ability to lose it's tail and grow a new tail when threatened.

Armadillo girdled lizard

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The birds of the Succulent Karoo biome includes more than 225 species, one of which is endemic: Barlow's lark also known as the Certhilauda barlowi other birds include the black harrier (Circus maurus), which has the most restricted range of the world's 13 harrier species.

Barlow's Lark