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1.Women are regarded deviant， which means that they not only breached the law, but they also violated gender norms dictating appropriate female behavior.

2. In the US, state regulation of women's bodies often leads to unfairness when it comes to minority women, such as white slave owners who rape black female slaves with impunity. Some women are often forced to undergo sterilization after childbirth. These findings exemplify gender inequality and the tendency to medicalize women’s deviance.

3. Hedderman and Barnes (2015) acknowledge female alcohol-related offending as they find that many sentencers believe that female violence under the influence of alcohol is on the rise, which may be informed by personal experiences outside of the courtroom as well as media coverage of female drinking patterns and associated violence. They suggest that this may lead sentencers to respond more harshly to female offenders, either because they perceive alcohol-related violence as a growing threat and therefore require deterrent measures, or because they believe that female offenders pose a greater threat to public safety (Hedderman and Barnes, 2015).

4. Feminist analysis focuses on the effect of gender inequality on criminal possibilities, as well as crime definition, investigation, and prosecution. Part of the gender gap can be attributed to patriarchal views toward women and a disregard for what is considered private or domestic.

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1.Heidenson came up with the double deviance theory. This is a criticism of the chivalry thesis as it instead argued that women are in fact treated worse by the CJS than men as female criminals are seen as doubly deviant. They have deviated from both their social norms as well as their gender norms

2.Women are no longer seen as double deviant because of abortion. Whether abortion can be chosen becomes a woman's right.

3. In ancient China, women could not choose their own marriage, they had to obey their parents and could not refuse even if they did not want to. If marriage evasion laws also support parents, so does divorce. Another example is in China, where a woman accidentally killed her husband while resisting domestic violence. The court found it was a crime of intentional injury and sentenced her to six and six months. But another example is that a man's family died of abuse because his wife could not bear children, but the husband's family was only sentenced to three to two years.

4.Feminist analysis focuses on the way gender inequality influences the opportunities to commit crime and the definition, detection, and prosecution of crime. In part the gender difference revolves around patriarchal attitudes toward women and the disregard for matters considered to be of a private or domestic nature. For example, when a woman is raped, many people judge her clothing and makeup, and then accuse the woman, for example, of being raped because she wears a skirt that is too short.

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1. Double Deviance is theory based on the point of view that certain women are punished under the view of doing two things wrong. They are viewed as having broken societal norms and expectations of how a woman behaves, as well as breaking the law. They are then judged upon the basis that they have done doubly wrong.
2. Feminist ethicists not only study women's crimes of sexual violence, but also research topics including women's physiological management. According to an example: Before 1988, women could not have abortions at will, which was identified as a crime, and doctors who performed operations on women were identified as for "illegal abortion". But after this, women can have some reproductive rights. In the past, due to the lack of contraceptive technology and medical insurance, most women could not get any protection, but after this, with the introduction of birth control, after 2004, the abortion rate of women decline, which also means that more women have fertility awareness.

3. Women's work roles are often subordinate to family roles, and women lose a lot of opportunities for work and promotion make women less motivated to pursue careers. Women are more concentrated in occupations due to absenteeism high rate and low effort, thus becoming less valuable and less rewarding. Feminism, through research and service, examines how social beliefs about gender affect women's drug use and treatment experiences, and challenges traditional medical models that view drug use as a symptom of an individual's genetic or environmental deficiencies. In the 1970s, research and services related to alcohol and other drugs in Australia and other countries focused exclusively on men and, until recently, were based on feminist perspectives.
reference: Broom, D., & Stevens, A. (1991). Doubly deviant: Women using alcohol and other drugs. International journal on drug policy, 2(4), 25-27.
female rural per capita income accounts for only 0.43 of female urban per capita income, despite rising from 0.2 in 1981. The female rural/urban gap was mitigated when female national incomes rather than female per capita incomes were estimated, with female rural national income accounting for nearly 0.73 of female urban national income.
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2277976019872326
4. Feminist analysis focuses on the way gender inequality influences the opportunities to commit crime and the definition, detection, and prosecution of crime. In part the gender difference revolves around patriarchal attitudes toward women and the disregard for matters considered to be of a private or domestic nature.

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Evidence：
Many girls entered the justice system after fleeing abuse, were arrested on charges of wanting to run or "survival crime" and then convicted by the system（Chesney——Lind，1989）
Morash, M. (2017). Feminist theories of crime. Routledge.

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1. Double Deviance is theory based on the point of view that certain women are punished under the view of doing two things wrong. They are viewed as having broken societal norms and expectations of how a woman behaves, as well as breaking the law. They are then judged upon the basis that they have done doubly wrong.
1D 2C

2. Female crime is considered a double deviance. Female prisoners violated the society's stereotypes about women while breaking the law. In the context of patriarchal society, criminal convictions and prosecutions are gender unequal.
3.Women who are regarded as criminally deviant are often seen as being doubly deviant. They have broken the laws but they have also violated gender norms governing appropriate female behaviour.
4.Feminist analysis focuses on the way gender inequality influences the opportunities to commit crime and the definition, detection, and prosecution of crime.

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1. A "power elite" can be defined as a small group of people who control a disproportionate amount of power, wealth, and privilege and have access to the decision makers in the political system. One example is Microsoft founder Bill Gates, who used his family wealth and social connections to achieve elite status through entrepreneurship.
2. The feminist theory of crime argues that society is patriarchal and the control of women by men discourages female deviance. Sociologists in the past have paid little attention to female deviance, instead tending to focus on male deviance.
3. Deviance is when there is a non-conformity concerning the well established social and cultural norms and principles. Crime implies any illegal act or omission, which amounts to the violation of the law, often prosecuted by the state and punishable by law. Documentation. Not written or documented.

4. D) A senator.
5. B) Because his fame disconnects him from society.

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1.a tightly knit alliance of military, government, and corporate figures seen as the wealth and political power center of the United States.For example, a small group of wealthy and powerful individuals controlled America’s dominant institutions (i.e., political, economic, and military). More specifically, the governing elite in the U.S. are comprised of: 1) the highest political leaders, including the president and a few key cabinet members and advisors, 2) major corporate owners and directors, and 3) the highest-ranking military officers.
2.Feminist theory is a prominent branch of sociology theory that moves its assumptions, analytic lens, and thematic focus away from male viewpoint and experience and toward female viewpoint and experience.Feminist theorists attempt to reclaim and redefine women through re-structuring language. For example, feminist theorists have used the term “womyn” instead of “women”.

3.A crime is defined as an offense that warrants community condemnation and punishment, typically in the form of a fee or jail.

4.Deviance is defined as any rule-breaking behavior that does not conform to the norms and expectations of a specific society or social group. The concept of deviance is closely tied to the concept of crime, which is defined as illegal behavior. Criminal behavior is typically deviant; nevertheless, not all deviant behavior is criminal.For example, the word deviance can be used to label crimes such as murder or robbery because those are actions that break the law.

1.D
2.A