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Fantasy is a genre of fiction that uses magic or
other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Many
works within the genre take
place in imaginary worlds where magic and magical creatures are common.
examples

Lord of the Rings

A Song of Ice and Fire

The Chronicles of Narnia

Eragon

It is usually based on a world different to our own where they
have dragons, elves, hobbits and all sorts of mythical creatures reside.

In the fantasy genre the main protagonist is usually male and in
the story they have to go on a quest through the mythical lands of that world
fighting evil beasts to get to where they have to go and then destroy the main
antagonist for example Bilbo fights Smaug and Frodo fights the power of the
Ring.

The main characters are mostly younger (with the exception of
Bilbo Baggins being 50) as they are more impressionable and likely to leave the
safety of their homes to have adventures than older people who are more likely
to just stay at home rather than go  running off on daring quests.

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Crime fiction usually focuses on one main character who is usually male and middle aged, they are usually either a detective or involved with the police in some way. the main character, while trying to solve the 'mystery', usually have their own troubles and problems that they have to deal with at the same time. This problem could be with their health or previous  mistakes that may come back to haunt them (they are also sometimes within the case they are working)

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The purpose of a comedy book is ultimately, to make you laugh. This is done through integrated humour that is within the storyline of the book. Comedy can be utilised in many different ways and often has elements of different humour for example, the humour could be more derogatory with the use of multiple sexual references, this is dependant on the audience you are aiming to seek as your readers.

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With the quite obvious intent to make the reader laugh, comedy in novels can vary from: Farce - comedy based on exaggerated stories and unlikely events, Parody- imitating the characteristic style of some other work in usually a inappropriate manor, Satire - usually with stupidities or abuse to ridicule, Slapstick - exaggerated harmless violence to others.

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These are stories set in a degraded controlled society and is characterized by the general suffering of the people. Society is often in danger of collapsing completely. Examples are; the hunger games, divergent and maze runner. It often has a good side and a bad side however it isn't always black and white which is which. There are usually lots of cliff hangers and twits in the plot and there is a lot of suspense. Usually it is quite adventurous.

Main characters are usually young adults who rebel for change.

They are very fictional and often contain some romance and a lot of character deaths.

Pathetic fallacy is used in these sometimes such as in The Hunger Games when Peeta nearly dies, it rains.

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From wild and remote landscapes to vulnerable heroines; from violent and erotic fantasies to supernatural

There is normally a maiden who is pure and innocent who we later find out is from a noble family

A Hero who saves the maiden from the tyrant

A tyrant or villain

The plot is usually set in a castle, an abbey, a monastery

gloomy and frightening scenery

night journeys

Psychological overlay

Supernatural

Enclosed spaces

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Crime fiction is usually split into four subgenres, including Detective Fiction, Courtroom Drama, Hard- Boiled Fiction and Legal Thrillers. The main key  element within this genre is suspense and mystery .

It has come to be popular through both the 19th 20th and 21st century and is mostly written by British and American writers.

The characters are predominantly male and it often involves the main character getting wrapped up in some sort of trouble and trying to get out. There are often underlying problems with the main character and there is also a lot of red hearin and betrayl along the way. It also focuses on the alienation of the main character from society.

Some novels associated with this genre includes, crime and punishment.

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- Combines fiction, horror, death, and romance.

-weather

-dreams

-supernatural

-ambiguity

-revenge

-unreliable narrator

-villainhero

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Horror is frequently supernatural, though it can be non-supernatural. Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for the larger fears of a society.

One of the defining traits of the genre of horror is that it provokes a response; emotional, psychological or physical, within readers that causes them to react with fear. One of H.P. Lovecraft's most famous quotes about the genre is that: "The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear, and the oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown."

Foreshadowing is the sprinkling of bread crumbs throughout a book to prepare a reader for the impact of the climax or conclusion. Foreshadowing does not have to be direct “tell-all.” It can be small, slipped in where the reader thinks a reference or description is unintentional, leading up to an epic ending.

Fear is the driving force behind any horror story.  Your story has to scare the ever-livin’ giblets out of a reader (yes, I made up a word, but go with it). If a story does not elicit fear in a reader, then it cannot fall into the horror genre. Fear is the element that sets apart horror from other genres because it evokes a human emotion.

Suspense plays off of fear and is what keeps your reader’s adrenaline heightened. Fear spikes the adrenaline while suspense keeps the reader on the edge of his or her seat.  Without any suspense in a story, your reader is on a roller coaster that spikes with fear and then immediately lulls to mediocrity until the next spike of fear. Suspense is what keeps the reader hooked and interested in the story.

Mystery adds reliable and believable surprise to a story. You can show some of your story’s cards with foreshadowing, but don’t give everything away. Use mystery, like suspense, as a hook so the reader knows that something surprising will happen during or after the climax. Make your reader question how the story will end.

Imagination is my favourite element (next to fear). Like mystery, do not show all of your cards. Leave events, situations, and character descriptions up to your readers’ imagination. Their minds can conjure visions that are more terrifying than anything that you write. Mystery and imagination play heavily with the fear element. Get your readers’ hearts pumping, palms sweating, and bodies shivering in terror by making them use their minds.

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Futuristic setting which includes machines and devices.

Involves scientific elements and mostly imaginary elements too.

Time setting which is a timeline you go through and experience different times and periods.

Focuses on technology and new unexpected things and Sci-Fi became big in the twentieth century.

Tends to have human characters so that the readers can emphasize with the characters in the novel.

People who like science fiction are usually very interested in technology which is what most all sci-fi novels include.

Mostly male dominated and appeals mainly to the male gender rather than female.

All people of all ages are targeted by science fiction.

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Young adult fiction or young adult literature, oftenabbreviated as young adult is fiction written, published, or marketed to adolescents and young adults. It is written for a young adult who is someone between the ages of twelve and eighteen. The
subject matter and story lines of young adult literature are typically
consistent with the age and experience of the main character, but young adult literature spans the spectrum of fiction genres.

Young adult literature contains specific characteristics
that are present throughout the genre. These characteristics encompass: multi-themed
story, tension versus shock effect, memorable characters, accurate facts and details, memorable voice, authentic dialogue, effective/clear writing style,sense of humour, widespread appeal, intriguing openings and memorable closings.
Other characteristics of Young Adult Literature include: characters and issuesyoung readers can identify with; those issues and characters are treated in away that does not invalidate, minimize, or devalue them; is framed in languagethat young readers can understand; emphasizes plot above everything else; and is
written for an audience of young adults overall, young adult literature needsto contain specific elements that will not only interest readers of this genre,but elements that relate directly to real situations adolescents in all
generations may encounter, and contain believable, empathetic characters.

Research suggests young adult literature can be advantageous
to reluctant student readers by addressing their needs. Authors who write young
adult literature have an adolescent’s age and interests in mind. The language and plots of young adult literature are similar to what students are accustomedto finding in reality, television, movies, and popular culture.

Young Adult Literature
has been integrated into classrooms in order to increase student interest in
reading.

The category of young adult fiction continues to expand into
other media and genres: graphic novels/manga, light novels, fantasy, mystery
fiction, and romance novels, even subcategories such as cyberpunk,
splatterpunk, techno-thrillers, and contemporary Christian fiction.

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A chick lit is a genre fiction which addresses issues of womanhood in modern society, mainly contains humour and is very light-hearted.

Click lit books: Bridget Jones's Diary & The Devil Wears Prada.

Chick Lit's became popular in the late 1990's. They include romantic elements but is not a subcategory to romance novels due to female's relationship with her family or friends is just as important as her romantic ones.

Chick Lit's mainly feature a female protagonist whose womanhood is the main theme in the plot. Historical chick lit's and a call for religious chick lit's. Mazza and DeShell created a chick lit called Postfeminist Fiction. The genre was defined as a type of post-feminist that went beyond female as victim to include fiction that covered female experiences including love, courtship and gender.

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Usually a science fiction novel with have a futuristic setting or in outer space. There's usually a main story line of the good side being  attacked by the bad side from outer space, usually being. There are other story lines, such as romance or relationships that tend to go wrong. They usually end with a cliff hanger and carry on with another book, this keeps the audience wanting more. However, they do end with a happy ending. There are two types of sci-fi, hard sci fi that concentrates on accurate detail, mainly physics, chemistry and astrophysics. A good example of this is the mars trilogy. There's also soft sci fi that concentrates on the social science like psychology, sociology and economics. Sci - fi usually has a first person point of view. A lot of the time there is the leader that is handsome and humorous, usually young and male. There's also a woman who is beautiful but also strong. The society is a lot different to our time now and usually has people from different planets, sometimes pink skin or animal like are used. In a lot of novels, there is one lovable innocent character that tends to be a lot of peoples favourite.

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Set in American old west frontier  typically 18th- 10th century.

protagonists as Cowboys and bounty hunters. Conflict with native Americans. struggle with demise of the frontier. Long journeys and mountain treks or groups of bandits terrorising small towns. good vs bad-  normally a male hero that complies to masculine conventions.

Associations:

Cowboys, guns, desserts, horses, saloons, stagecoaches, trains, bank robberies, boots, denim, sun, heat

The Prairie (1824)

The gunslinger - Stephen king

the rustler - Linda Lael Miller

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Archaic language/ language relevant to the time period.

Must concentrate on the details of the period depicted i.e. clothing, mannerisms, social stigmas, language.

Can include historical figures and factual information i.e. dates or notable events.

Set in a different time period.

Plausible and believable plot, should be intriguing and suspenseful and always have a solution.

Always set in a real place usually including historically accurate events and characters.

Characters are real people/ people who could have lived in the time - no fantasy.

Themes include: life, people, social, political events as well as good versus bad/evil and other universal timeless themes.

Foreshadowing/ clues used to keep readers interest.

Artifacts, feelings and places described accurately.

Should feel real although it is fiction.

Often third person narrative although it can be written from any point of view.

Problems the character face are either based on real events or mirror a realisitc problem that would have been plausible at the time.

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A thriller is with an exciting plot, typically involving crime.

Thrillers generally keep the audience on the "edge of their seats" as the plot builds towards a climax.

Plot twists and cliff hangers are frequently used.

Suspense is a crucial characteristic of the thriller genre. It gives the viewer a feeling of fascination and excitement mixed with apprehension, anticipation and tension.

These develop from unpredictable, mysterious and rousing events during the narrative, which make the reader think about the outcome of certain actions.

Suspense builds in order to make those final moments, the most memorable. The suspense in a story keeps the person hooked to reading or watching more until the climax is reached.

Characters may include criminals, stalkers, assasins, innocent victims (often on the run), menaced women, psychotic individuals, spree killers, sociopaths and more.

The protagonist of these films is set against a problem.

An atmosphere of menace and sudden violence, such as crime and murder, characterize thrillers. The tension usually arises when the character is placed in a dangerous situation, or a trap from which escaping seems impossible.

Life is threatened, usually because the principal character is unsuspectingly or unknowingly involved in a dangerous or potentially deadly situation.