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either/neither/each/none/all + of + the l.mn./us/them/you/those/these

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STOP
I stopped to buy a newspaper.
I stopped buying newspapers.

TRY
I tried to learn 100 new words yesterday.
I always try learning new words by singing.

REMEMBER
Remember to visit the British Museum when you're in London.
She remembered visiting London.

FORGET
I always forget to lock my door.
He forgot visiting Paris as a kid.

GO ON
She graduated from university and went on to be a vet.
My dad went on telling bad jokes all evening.

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*
That's the building where I live.
That's the building which/that my parents bought.

Non-defining relative clauses (niedefiniujące)

My brother who has a blue car lives in Katowice.
My brother, who has a blue car, lives in Katowice.

My favourite dish, which comes from India, is curry.
ulubione danie, ogólnie, info o Indiach podajemy dodatkowo

My favourite dish which comes from India is curry.
moim ulubionym daniem z Indii jest curry

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A/B.

The film was  ....so....... good.  przymiotnik/przysłówek

It was  ....such a.......  good film.
Those were ......such..... good films.
It was ....such..... good popcorn.

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I’m buying a car tomorrow.                100%

I’m going to buy a car. I need a new one.         75%

I will buy a car one day.                        50%

He is going to fall down.

It’s going to rain.                            100%

Watch this film, you will love it.                        100%

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Zero

if+ Present simple/ Present simple

If/When we heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.

The baby cries if/when the mother leaves the room.

First

if+ Present simple/will

If i have money, I will buy this dress.

, I may/might/could buy that dress.

When i have money, I will buy this dress.

As soon as  i have money, I will buy this dress.

unless = if not

Unless my grandma gives me money, I won't buy that dress. = If my grandma doesn't give me money, I won't buy that dress.

Second

if+ Past simple/would

If I had a lot of money, I would be in Hawaii now.

If I were you ... = gdybym była na twoim miejscu

If I were in your shoes...

If I played the guitar, I could earn a lot of money.

Third

if+ Past perfect/would have + IIIf / ed

If I had known about the party, I would have gone.

If I had known how to bake, I could have baked a cake for the party.

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Yes/No questions

"Do you like music?"           → I like music.           → I liked music.

"Were they at school yesterday?"           → they were at school yesterday          → they had been at school yesterday.

"Did she wake up at 9 o'clock?"              →  she woke up at 9 o'clock        → she had woken up at 9.

if - czy

whether - bardziej formalna wersja

She asked if I liked music.
She asked if they had been at school the previous day.
She asked whether she had woken up at 9.

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Wh-questions

"What is your favourite colour?"   → My favourite colour is →My favourite colour was

"When will you visit grandma?" → I will visit grandma → I would visit grandma

"Where does she come from?"  → She comes from → she came from

She asked what my favourite colour was.
She asked when  I would visit grandma.
She asked where she came from.

Orders/requests
"Tidy your room!" - My mom told me to tidy my room. - żeby
"Don't cheat during tests!" The teacher told us not to cheat. - żeby nie

"Can you bring me some flowers?" She asked me to bring her some flowers.

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2. Other reporting verbs

tell sb that/to
He told me that I was late.
Mom told me that I should tidy my room.
Mom told me to tidy my room.

I will send you a post card.
He promised that  he would send me a postcard.
He promised to send me a postcard.

You are fired.
She informed me that I was fired.
She informed me to

She says "I like music" ->> She says she likes music.
"Water boils at 100°C" ->> He said that water boils/boiled at 100°C.

3. Negatives
W przeczeniach stosujemy te same zasady (używamy odpowiednika przeczenia o 1 czas do tyłu)
am not/isn't ->> wasn't          aren't ->> weren't
don't/doesn't ->> didn't
didn't do ->> hadn't done     wasn't/weren't ->> hadn't been

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zmiana określeń miejsca i czasu

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zmiana czasów

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wykonawca czynności jest nieznany/nieistotny/oczywisty

kładziemy nacisk na czynność, a nie jej wykonawcę

w tekstach formalnych

present simple -----------------> am/is/are

present cont. -------------------> am/is/are being

past simple --------------------> was/were

past cont. ----------------------> was/were being                          + III forma/czasownik-ed

present perfect -----------------> have/has been

past perfect --------------------> had been

be going to ---------------------> am/is/are going to be

will/can/must -------------------> will/can/must be

Wyrażenia typu 'uważa się' rownież mają w j. angielskim formę strony biernej, eg.:
It is thought (that) ... K Stoch is the best ski jumper.

It is known (that)...

It is believed (that)...

W mniej formalnym/mówionym angielskim 'be' możemy zastąpić 'get'.

I think Mary will get caught if she cheats.

I'm worried I got recognized.

by - przez

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B1+  (FCE Unit 12)                                                  have/get sth done 

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B1+  (FCE Unit 12)                                                  have/get sth done 

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(dosłownie: mieć coś zrobione)

1 I'm going to cut my hair.

2 She painted her room.                        → zdania te oznaczają, ze prace te są wykonywane przez podmioty zdania

3 They'll redecorate their house.

Kiedy chcemy podkreślić, ze jakaś praca została wykonana przez kogoś innego/zleciliśmy komuś pracę, używamy konstrukcji

have/get something      + III forma/-ed

1 I'm going to have/get my hair cut.

2  She had/got her room painted.

3 They will have/get their house redecorated.

get - mniej formalna wersja; nie używamy 'get', gdy opisujemy, że ktoś nam zrobił coś, czego nie chcieliśmy

I got had my house broken into.  (I got my house broken into. - to ja zleciłam włamanie)

They got  had their pictures taken by paparazzi.

*She has taken some portrait pictures. - w Present Perfect nie stosujemy get

She has got some portrait pictures taken ...
She has had some portrait pictures taken

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(a) few / (a) little

a few - kilka (Countable)

I have a few friends. || I have few friends.

a little - trochę (Uncountable)

I have a little milk. || I have little milk.

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either ... or - albo...albo

We need to buy either a tent or a cabin if we want to spend time in the woods.

neither ... nor - ani ... ani

Neither Beth nor Katy wanted to sing at the festival.

We can buy either of those things.
Neither of the girls wanted to sing.

I went to Paris last year. - I went to Paris either.
I didn't go to Spain. - Neither did I.

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Each of the boys plays in the band. (każdy z osobna)
Every/Each boy plays on a different instrument.

None of them / None of the boys is unhappy.

All (of) the boys play in the band. (wszyscy)

All boys are.....