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Module 4: The Aristotelian and Galilean Conceptions of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion & Module 5: How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall in Uniform Acceleration

Aristotle’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion

*Vertical Motion
Vertical motion is referred to as natural motion. In a natural motion, the object will move and will return to its natural state based on the object's material or composition - earth, water, air, and fire.

*Horizontal Motion
An object moving in a violent motion requires push or pull to maintain horizontal motion. Motion continues only so long as there is an applied force to an object. When the force is removed, motion stops.

*Projectile Motion
the projectile motion of an object is parallel to the ground until it is the object's time to fall back into the ground. An impetus will be kept by the object until such time that the initial force is forgotten, and the object returns to its natural state to stop moving and fall to the ground

Galileo’s Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal Motion, and Projectile Motion

*Vertical Motion.
In the absence of a resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight, but in the time of fall. Also, if the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion until it reaches the bottom and stops.

*Horizontal Motion
An object in motion, if unimpeded, will continue to be in motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion. If the Earth’s surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be impeded. Thus, the objects will continue to move. This kind of motion, however, is not evident in nature.

*Projectile Motion
He believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly accelerated motion in the vertical direction. If it is not impeded, it will continue to move even without an applied force.

Aristotle's View of Motion
Aristotle was an Ancient Greek philosopher who thought that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones.
Force would be needed to have a constant velocity according to Aristotle. Force is required for violent but not natural motion.

Galileo's View of Motion
Italian Mathematician .Father of modern Science
Discredited Aristotelian view of motion
Object in vacuum will fall at the same time because in a vacuum there is nothing. Since there is no air or anything in space, objects that are heavy or light, will fall at the same time.
Force is not necessarily required for violent motion.Force is not required for object moving at constant velocity.

Galileo's Experimentation to prove his Ideas about motion

Experiment I
Galileo dropped two different weights of cannon ball to the Leaning Tower of Pisa and they fell at the same time but could not measure the distance travelled therefore he proceeded to another experimentation.

Experiment II
Galileo used the inclined ramp in order to measure the acceleration of an object. He used a rolling ball to measure the changes. He measured that objects accelerates at the same time regardless of their size and mass.

Free Fall and Gravity
Freely falling bodies undergo constant acceleration in which it is referred to as free fall. The free fall acceleration represent a symbol g which means gravity.

Horizontal Motion
*View of Aristotle  it is a natural state of object at rest.
*View of  Galileo, imagined motion will continue without friction.

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Name: Edwin Aldrin Q. Estrella
GR/SEC: 11 HUMSS - C

(Reflection)
What I Have Learned: (Module 4: The Aristotelian and Galilean Conceptions of Vertical, Horizontal, and Projectile Motions)

First, who is Aristotle and Galileo?
- Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece.

- Galileo was an italian astronomer, physicist and engineer.

Definition of Module 4:
- Aristotle
1. He believed that all objects have resting places which they naturally seek.
2. On Earth all motion is linear. In the outer space all motion is curved.
3. The speed of a falling object is directly related to its mass.
4. An object continues to be in motion as long as force is applied to it. The object stops when the force is removed.

Vertical motion - The element Earth moves down towards its natural resting place. Air rises to its natural place in the atmosphere. Fire leaps upwards to it natural place above the Earth.

Horizontal motion - Bodies need to be pushed or pulled to maintain horizontal motion.

Projectile motion - An object is influenced by the downward force of gravity.

- Galileo
Vertical motion - If two objects of different weight are dropped from a height both of them will hit the ground at the same time.

Horizontal motion -If there is no interference, a moving object will keep moving in a straight line forever. There is no need to push, pull or apply force of any kind. He developed the idea of inertia which is the property of an object to resist changes in motion.

Projectile motion - Projectiles follow a curved path. According to Galileo projectile motion could be understood by analyzing the horizontal and vertical components seperately.

The difference between the conceptions of Aristotle:
Projectile motion - An object is influenced by the downward force of gravity.
Vertical motion - If two objects of different weight are dropped from a height both of them will hit the ground at the same time.
Projectile motion - If there is no interference, a moving object will keep moving in a straight line forever.

Similarities between Aristotle and Galileo:
- They are both horizontal motion, in both motions objects fall naturally.

What I Have Learned: (Module 5: How Galileo Inferred that Objects in Vacuum Fall in Uniform Acceleration)

Definition of Module 5:
- By using the law of parabolic fall, Galileo concluded that bodies fall with constant acceleration on the surface of Earth and that force of gravity which causes all bodies to move downward is a constant force.

Galileo inferred objects in vacuum fall:
- Galileo did an experiment rolling a ball down a track which then curved back upwards. He noticed that the ball seemed to roll until it reached the same height as it was released from.

Galileo inferred that objects in vacuum fall with constant acceleration:
- First proposed by Galileo Galilei nearly 400 years ago. Galileo conducted experiments using a ball on an inclined planed to determined the relationship between the time and distance traveled.

Galileo explain the uniform accelerated motion:
-  Galileo chose to define uniform acceleration as the motion in which the change of speed v is propotional to elapsed time Dt, and then demonstrate that this matches the behavior of real moving bodies, in Laboratory situations as well as in ordinary "un arranged" experienced.

The reason why objects in vacuum fall in uniform acceleration:
- Because, the mass, size and shape of the object are not a factor in describing the motion of the object. So all objects, regardless of size or shape or weight, free fall with the same acceleration.

The experiments of Galileo proved that when objects are dropped simultaneously, they will reach the ground at the same time.

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CERVANTES, STEAVEN JHON M.(11-HUMSS C) REFLECTION

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CERVANTES, STEAVEN JHON M.(11-HUMSS C) REFLECTION

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BITAS, MARY GRACE T.   11 -  HUMSS C (REFLECTION)

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PALMA, RUTH ANNE KAYE R. 11 HUMSS C (REFLECTION)

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DELA MERCED, Anne Margareth C. - 11-HUMSS C (Reflection)

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ALBINA, GERALDINE T. (11-HUMSS C) - REFLECTION

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