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Erikson believes developmental changes happen throughout life. In his fifth stage of development, he addresses the importance of adolescents developing self and identity (Santrock, 2014). He describes this process as a struggle of balance between losing yourself and being accepted by peers, or being yourself and losing acceptance.

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Gardner's multiple intelligences drive instruction in today's classroom. His theory provides insight into specific learning styles that allow all students to develop in the classroom, shifting students to a mindset of deeper understanding and a better attainment of knowledge (Aborn, 2006).

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Ruby Payne is a huge proponent of the effects of low socioeconomic status in the classroom. Payne (2010) authored a book on strategies to build cognition skills in the classroom for under-resourced children using strategies for time management, following rules, comparing and contrasting, finding themes, and prediction just to name a few.

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Payne, R. (2010) Research-Based Strategies. Highlands, TX: aha! Process, Inc.
Aborn, M. (2006). An Intelligent Use for Belief.  Education, (127), 83-85.
Santrock, J.W., (2014) Child Development fourteenth Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

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I believe that students develop through a course of reactions and interactions they have with peers, teachers, and parents on a regular basis in the classroom and at home. Some students come into school with basic skills and cognitive development, but other students from more extreme backgrounds often do not have those cognitive skills in place. At a young age they can achieve these skills through using certain activities in repetition such as making a schedule for themselves to help be able to use prediction. They cannot simply learn like other students until these cognitive abilities are put in place. This enhances their development and builds a strong foundation of skills for them to grow on. Student development and learning is also greatly attributed to the way students grow in the classroom and throughout life. If their learning needs are not being met, they are not deeply absorbing the knowledge and turning it into abstract thinking. To move from literal thinkers to abstract thinkers, teachers have to differentiate for students and give them information in multiple modes to appeal to their learning senses. I think the classroom also has a huge role in development of self for students. One humiliating experience in class can ruin a child's confidence forever. Through successes and failures in the classroom, children test their own strengths and weaknesses and begin to develop their sense of self. Peers become a more active role in this process as children grow older and begin to develop their identity of where they fit in throughout adolescence. My philosophy is that education and the classroom develop children from building skills to making them who they are as adults.