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Natural substances are those commonly found in nature.A natural substance, for example, is glucose, the sugar present in fruits, honey and blood of animals (including man) is a monosaccharide and its formula is C6H12O6.Artificial substances are those created or made by man, an example of these is aspirin.It is a compound derived from the bark of the white willow, is an anti-inflammatory and non-steroidal analgesic considered the medicine most taken of the whole world.Its formula is C9H8O4.

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Natural substances are those commonly found in nature.A natural substance, for example, is glucose, the sugar present in fruits, honey and blood of animals (including man) is a monosaccharide and its formula is C6H12O6.Artificial substances are those created or made by man, an example of these is aspirin.It is a compound derived from the bark of the white willow, is an anti-inflammatory and non-steroidal analgesic considered the medicine most taken of the whole world.Its formula is C9H8O4.

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Main data

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersal of the seeds.

The plant is a shurb native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds.

Applications of cotton

In addition to clothing and household items, cotton is used in industrial products such as filters for air conditioners, life rafts, conveyors, tents, car tires, swimming pools, safety helmets or mine fan

Estructure

Cellulose is formed by the binding of β-D-glucose molecules by β-1,4-O-glucosidic bonds. When fully hydrolyzed glucose is obtained. Cellulose is a long polymer chain of variable molecular weight, with empirical formula (C6H10O5) n, with a minimum value of n = 200.

Hugo Hellín Marina

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ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCE

The term "plastic" in its more general meaning applies to substances of similar structures which lack a fixed point of evaporation and have, over a range of temperatures, elasticity and flexibility properties that allow them to be molded and adapted to different shapes and applications.

Plastics are synthetic chemicals, called polymers, of macromolecular structure that can be molded by heat or pressure and whose main component is carbon. These polymers are large clusters of monomers linked by a chemical process called polymerization.
Pedro Ruiz Mengual

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SODIUM BICARBONATE                           NATURAL SUBSTANCE           Is a water soluble white crystalline solid compound with a slight alkaline taste similar to that of sodium carbonate (although less strong and saltier than the latter) of the formula NaHCO 3. It can be found as a mineral in nature or can be artificially produced.When exposed to moderately strong acid, it decomposes into carbon dioxide and water.

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SODIUM BICARBONATE                           NATURAL SUBSTANCE           Is a water soluble white crystalline solid compound with a slight alkaline taste similar to that of sodium carbonate (although less strong and saltier than the latter) of the formula NaHCO 3. It can be found as a mineral in nature or can be artificially produced.When exposed to moderately strong acid, it decomposes into carbon dioxide and water.

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Pedro Ruiz Mengual

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Main data

Gasoline  or petrol , is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distilation of petroleum.

Applications of gasoline

The gasoline is mostly use in fuel for the cars, planes...

Estructure

The gasoline formula is C8H18 derived from petroleum

Hugo Hellín Marina

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ARTIFICIAL SUBSTANCE
(Ángel Almagro Bastida)

It was isolated in 2004 by two researchers at The University of Manchester, Prof Andre Geim and Prof Kostya Novoselov, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Graphene's properties

The world's first 2D material.

It is ultra-light yet immensely tough.

It is 200 times stronger than steel, but it is incredibly flexible.

It is the thinnest material possible as well as being transparent.

It is a superb conductor and can act as a perfect barrier - not even helium can pass through it.

Current applications

Energy:
Graphene could dramatically increase the lifespan of a traditional lithium ion battery, meaning devices can be charged more quickly - and hold more power for longer. Batteries could be so flexible and light that they can be stitched into clothing.

Filtration Membranes:
Graphene oxide membranes are capable of forming a perfect barrier when dealing with liquids and gasses. They can effectively separate organic solvent from water and remove water from a gas mixture to an exceptional level. They have even been proved to stop helium, the hardest gas to block.

Biomedical:
Graphene based materials including pristine graphene sheets, few-layer graphene flakes, and graphene oxide offer a variety of unique, versatile and tunable properties that can be creatively utilised for biomedical applications.

The lateral dimensions of these two dimensional (2D) materials can be adjusted between nanometres and millimetres, and their thickness can be tuned from single to hundreds of monolayers and their flexural rigidity can also be modulated. The flat surface can be easily functionalized enabling modification of the surface property (from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity) and this is unprecedented among other nanomaterials, offering enormous design capabilities as a platform for drug delivery and ultrasensitive biosensors.

Sensors:
Graphene is an ideal material for sensors. Every atom in graphene is exposed to its environment allowing it to sense changes in its surroundings. For chemical sensors the goal is to be able to detect just one molecule of a potentially dangerous substance. Graphene now allows for the creation of micrometre-size sensors capable of detecting individual events on a molecular level.

Graphene oxide can be used to create 'smart' food packaging products. This could dramatically cut down on unnecessary food wastage and simultaneously help prevent illnesses. Packaging which has been coated with graphene has the ability to detect atmospheric changes caused by decaying food.

Electronics:

Graphene can be used as a coating to improve current touch screens for phones and tablets. It can also be used to make the circuitry for our computers making them incredibly fast. These are just two examples of how graphene can enhance today's devices. Graphene can also spark the next-generation of electronics.

Graphene could see a smart phone which you could wear on your wrist or a tablet you could roll up like a newspaper. Flexible, wearable electronics take advantage of graphene's mechanical properties as well as its conductivity. Indium-tin oxide is currently used for touch screens as it conducts well but it is brittle.

Researchers at The University of Manchester have already created the world's smallest transistor using graphene. The smaller the size of the transistor, the better they perform within circuits. The fundamental challenge facing the electronics industry in the next 20 years is the further miniaturisation of technology.

Artistic impression of a corrugated graphene sheet

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NATURAL SUBSTANCE
The human insulin is a protein that is comprised of 51 amino acids. It is produced by beta cells of the pancreas and plays a key role in regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body.

Since the early 1920s, diabetic patients were treated with insulin, which was purified from bovine or porcine pancreas. The development in the field of genetic engineering allowed the production of insulin in E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), which have been approved for therapeutic applications in human by FDA.

The first licensed drug produced using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, which was developed by Genentech and licensed as well as marketed by Eli Lilly in 1982.

The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate and it has been speculated that the number of diabetic patients worldwide would increase to approximately 300 million by the year 2025. Consequently, the requirement for insulin will increase manifold (approximately more than 16000 kg/ year) and the productivity of current insulin expression system would not be sufficient to meet the future market demands.

There is an upmost need to increase the production by several fold of a biologically active insulin and its analogues from E. coli and yeast using latest novel and efficient technologies.

Another strategy, using a different expression host. Plant-based expression system hold tremendous potential for high-capacity production of insulin in very cost-effective manner. Very high level of expression of biologically active proinsulin in seeds or leaves with long-term stability, offers a low-cost technology for both injectable as well as oral delivery of proinsulin. Moreover, transgenic seeds can also act as warehouse where recombinant insulin can be stockpiled until required.

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SUPER-GLUE

Mario Máiquez García/2ºB

MAIN DATA

Cyanoacrylates are a family of strong fast-acting adhesives with industrial, medical, and household uses. Cyanoacrylate adhesives have a short shelf life if not used, about one year from manufacture if unopened, and one month once opened. They have some minor toxicity.

Cyanoacrylate adhesives are sometimes known generically as instant glues, power glues or superglues (although "Super Glue" is a trade name).

HISTORY

The original patent for cyanoacrylate was filed in 1942 by Goodrich Company as an outgrowth of a search for materials suitable for clear plastic gun sights for the war effort. In 1942, a team of scientists headed by Harry Coover Jr. stumbled upon a formulation that stuck to everything with which it came in contact.

The team quickly rejected the substance for the wartime application, but in 1951, while working as researchers for Eastman Kodak, Coover and a colleague, Fred Joyner, rediscovered cyanoacrylates. The two realized the true commercial potential, and a form of the adhesive was first sold in 1958 under the title "Eastman #910".

USES

There are many uses for this marvelous substance, so for that, I chose the one that I consider the most interesting one:

Forensic use
Cyanoacrylate is used as a forensic tool to capture latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces like glass, plastic, etc.

Cyanoacrylate is warmed to produce fumes that react with the invisible fingerprint residues and atmospheric moisture to form a white polymer (polycyanoacrylate) on the fingerprint ridges.

The ridges can then be recorded.

The developed fingerprints are, on most surfaces (except on white plastic or similar), visible to the naked eye. Invisible or poorly visible prints can be further enhanced by applying a luminescent or non-luminescent stain.

CHEMICAL DATA

Cyanoacrylates include methyl 2-cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate.

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MORPHINE

Mario Máiquez García/2ºB

MAIN DATA

Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate type which is found naturally in certain number of plants and animals.

It acts directly on the central nervous system to decrease the feeling of pain.

It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain.

Morphine is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction (heart attack) and during labour.

Potentially serious side effects include a decreased respiratory effort and low blood pressure.

Morphine has a high potential for addiction and abuse. If the dose is reduced after long-term use, withdrawal may occur.

Common side effects include drowsiness, vomiting, and constipation. Caution is advised when used during pregnancy or breast feeding, as morphine will affect the baby.

HISTORY

An opium-based elixir has been ascribed to alchemists of Byzantine times, but the specific formula was lost during the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.

In the late eighteenth century, when the East India Company gained a direct interest in the opium trade through India, another opiate recipe called laudanum became very popular among physicians and their patients.

Morphine was discovered as the first active alkaloid extracted from the opium poppy plant in December 1804 in Germany, by Friedrich Sertâmrner.

In 1817 Sertürrner reported experiments in which he administered morphine to himself, three young boys, three dogs, and a mouse; all four people almost died.

Sertürner originally named the substance morphium after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus as it tends to cause sleep.

The drug was first marketed to the general public by Sertürrner and Company in 1817 as a pain medication, and also as a treatment for opium and alcohol addiction.

The structural formula of morphine was determined by 1925 by Robert Robinson.

CHEMICAL DATA

Morphine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with two additional ring closures.
Its formula is C₁₇H₁₉NO3

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PLASTIC:
Is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and can be molded into a solid objects.Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass,but they often contain other substances .
They are usually synthetic most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are made from renewable materials such as polyLatin acid from corn or cellulosics from cotton linters.

Andres Vicente Bastida

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Silver :
Silver is the metallic element with the atomic number 47.
It's symbol is "Ag" .
A soft,white,lustrous transition metal ,it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity,thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal
Andrés Vicente Bastida

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Artificial Substance
Plastic is a material synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compouns and can be tranform into solid objects, they are typically polymers of high molecular mass but they can contain other substances, the plastic oftenly become from the petrol.
Is a manufactured material versatility and imperviousness to water. It has already substituted the traditional  material like wood, wool, or cotton, leather...
Is a renewable materia but it`s decomposition is very slow and also it`s manufacturing pollutans the environment.
Álvaro Nicolás Galera

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Ceramic.
Is an inorganic, non-metallic, solid material comprising metal, non-metal or metalloid atoms .
Ceramics are generally made by taking mixtures of clay, earthen elements, powders, and water and shaping them into desired forms, when  the ceramic has been shaped, it is fired in a high temperature oven known as a kiln.
formade by carbon , hydrogen and silicon .
Ceramic materials are usually ionic or covalent bonded materials, and can be crystalline or amorphous.
CRISTINA JIMENEZ SANTOS 2B

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NEOPRENE
Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene.[1] Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. Neoprene is sold either as solid rubber or in latex form, and is used in a wide variety of applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces (wrist, knee, etc.), electrical insulation, liquid and sheet applied elastomeric membranes or flashings, and automotive fan belts.
ADRIÁN TERUEL HERNÁNDEZ

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Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 1 and a member of group 14 in the periodic table. It is not very reactive, although more reactive than carbon, and has great chemical affinity for oxygen. Silicon is a metalloid, readily donating or sharing its four outer electrons, and it typically forms four bonds. Like carbon, its four bonding electrons enable it to combine with many other elements or compounds to form a wide range of compounds. Silicon is a semiconductor. It has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.

Nerea Vásquez Molina 2ºB

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Diamond is a metastable allotrope of carbon. It has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity. They are formed at high temperature and pressure in the Earth's mantle which requires very specific conditions. It's formula is C

Nerea Vásquez Molina 2ºB

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GOLD
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as electrum) and also naturally alloyed with copper and palladium. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium.

Juan Antonio Ballesta Fernández

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is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in their main chain. His formula is C₁₀H₈O4 .
Polyesters include naturally occurring chemicals, such as in the cutin of plant cuticles .

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Glucose.
Is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C ₆ H ₁₂ O 6 .
It is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide.
Is the most important source of energy for cellular respiration, is composed with 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides . The glucose can be obtained by hydrilysis of carbohydretes , cellulose..etc
density | 1540 kg/m³; 1,54 g/cm³
molar mass | 180,063388 g/mol
melting point | 146 °C (419 K)

CRISTINA JIMENEZ SANTOS 2B

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Ethaneis an organic chemical compound with chemical formula C₂H₆.
GHS pictograms Appearance is Colorless gas

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MARBLE
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite. Marble may be foliated. Geologists use the term "marble" to refer to metamorphosed limestone; however, stonemasons use the term more broadly to encompass unmetamorphosed limestone.[1] Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
ADRIÁN TERUEL HERNÁNDEZ

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Paclitaxel sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.
Chemical and physical data:
Formula | C₄₇H₅₁NO₁₄
Molar mass | 853.906 g/mol

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PLASTIC

Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and can be molded into solid objects. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are made from renewable materials such as polylactic acid from corn or cellulosics from cotton linters.[2] Plasticity is the general property of all materials that are able to irreversibly deform without breaking, but this occurs to such a degree with this class of moldable polymers that their name is an emphasis on this ability.

Juan Antonio Ballesta Fernández

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ASPIRIN

Acetylsalicylic acid (C9H8O4), popularly known as aspirin, is used as a medicine to treat pain, fever and inflammation.
 Acetylsalicylic acid is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory par excellence and works similarly to others, although it blocks the normal functioning of platelets.

TATIANA TRIPERO TOMÁS

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María Eugenia                  Sánchez Peñalver
Gasoline

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To form gasoline are present: Gaseous products such as carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor. Also present are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

María Eugenia                  Sánchez Peñalver

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Photosynthesis is a process that transforms the energy of sunlight into chemical energy. Consists basically in the production of sugars from mineral CO2 and water with the help of sunlight.
María Eugenia           Sánchez Peñalver

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María Eugenia                  Sánchez Peñalver
Fotosintesi

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ASPIRIN
(from a tree, a miracle
called Aspirine)
--Aspirin is a substance commonly found in medicine cabinets around the world. It is one of the

least expensive and most useful drugs.

--Aspirin is a chemical compound called acetylsalicylic acid. It is made with salicylic acid

WHERE IS ASPIRIN FIND?
--You might think that whoever invented aspirin is a genius, but the truth is humans have been using its natural equivalent for thousands of years. Aspirin was found in the bark of willow trees.

USES
--Today, aspirin is universally recognized as heart-attack prevention in men who have had prior heart attacks, and it has also shown to have benefits against stroke in women.

--More than one-third of all adults, and four out of five people with heart disease, use aspirin regularly

--Basically is a medication used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation

OTHER FACTS

--Studies have found that Aspirin could benefit 11 different cancers.

--Aspirin is good for your brain.
About 472 drugs are known to interact with aspirin.

--Children should not be given aspirin.

PABLO ORTEGA PATERNA

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WOOL
The wool is a natural fiber that is obtained from the goat and, mainly, from the sheep,through a process called shearing. It is used in the textile industry to make products such as bags, blankets, gloves, socks, etc.
Wool products are mostly used in cold areas because their use maintains body heat; This is due to the nature of the material fiber.

TATIANA TRIPERO TOMÁS

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Pesticides – are a class of biocide. It covers a wide range of products such as mosquito sprays, other insect repellents and even anti-microbial sanitizers. It can cause irritations to the skin, nose, eyes and throat when mistakenly sprayed directly. Low dose exposure to pesticides is not fatal, but over time, continuous exposure can lead to several diseases affecting the nervous and reproductive systems and your kidneys. According to the EPA, pesticides can cause Cancer.

Conchi Maldonado

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WOOD
WOOD It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression.  Found in the stems and roots of trees. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, as a construction material, for making tools and weapons, furniture and paper, and as a feedstock for the production of purified cellulose and its derivatives, such as cellophane and cellulose acetate.

CHENBO YANG

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Alkaloids

Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes.   The name "alkaloids" (German: Alkaloide) was introduced in 1819 by the German chemist Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Meißner, and is derived from late Latin root Latin:  "like"..

CHENBO YANG

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GLASS

Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics.
The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are "silicate glasses" based on the chemical compound silica, the primary constituent of sand. Of the many silica-based glasses that exist, ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (SiO₂), sodium oxide (Na₂O) from sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives.

Rut Santos Martínez

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Natural Substance
The name becomes from the greek word petra (rock) and oleum (oil) it´s a natural liquid  source. It´s also a fossil fuel because it´s made up dead organism, usually zooplankton and algae for thousands of years. it´s used to make work machins and cars, motorbikes, etc...
It pollutes air, water and living things
The composition is made up of  carbon, hidrogen, sulfur,oxygen.
Álvaro Nicolás Galera

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IRON
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.

Iron objects have been found in Egypt dating from around 3500 BC. They contain about 7.5% nickel, which indicates that they were of meteoric origin. In its pure state is strange, but it can be obtained from its natural sources and used in metallurgy to achieve alloys. It is a metallic element, resistant, ductile and magnetic, very prone to the oxidation, that usually occurs in the nature in the form of oxides and mineral.

Rut Santos Martínez

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NATURAL SUBTANCE                          -                                                     -           SEA SALT                                   -                                                               -Sea salt is salt produced from the evaporation of seawater. Salt is one of the few useful and abundant minerals on earth and An essential element in the diet of humans.                                                      -                                           Where do Sea Salt came                          from?                                                                                                                                                                 -                                                   Salt is created in vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals that result from the drying up of lakes, seas…Salt is also extracted from some underground beds. The Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the North Sea are the most common hubs for the harvesting of sea salt. China is the largest salt producer in the world followed closely by the United States. Salt is generally produced one of three ways: deep-shaft mining, solution mining or solar evaporation.                 -                                                     -               History                                      -                                               Salt was of high value to the Jews, Greeks, the Chinese, Hittites[3] and other peoples of antiquity. Some cultures ascribe magical powers to salt.                                                                -            USES                                              _                                                        It used in cooking, cosmetics and industry. Only 6% of all salt manufactured goes into food. Apparently we use salt in more than 14,000 different ways from the making of products as varied as plastic, paper, glass, polyester, rubber and fertilisers to household bleach, soaps, detergents and dyes.                                                                                                                               -                                            -    BENEFITS                                                                             _                                                        The health benefits of sea salt include good skin care, improved dental health, relief from rheumatoid arthritis, muscle cramps, psoriasis, and osteoarthritis. It also helps in providing relief from acne and rhinosinusitis. Furthermore, it is beneficial for exfoliation, nasal and eye wash…The nutritional compounds of sea salt includes vital minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bromide, chloride, iron, copper, and zinc among other beneficial elements.                                      -                                             Curiosities and Other facts                                                                    -                                                    Roman soldiers were sometimes paid in salt - which is where the word 'salary' comes from.                         -                                                      Every cell in the body contains salt - an adult contains about 250 grammes, equivalent to a  box of Maldon Salt.                                          -                                                         Salt was used to preserve Egyptian mummies

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NATURAL SUBTANCE                          -                                                     -           SEA SALT                                   -                                                               -Sea salt is salt produced from the evaporation of seawater. Salt is one of the few useful and abundant minerals on earth and An essential element in the diet of humans.                                                      -                                           Where do Sea Salt came                          from?                                                                                                                                                                 -                                                   Salt is created in vast beds of sedimentary evaporite minerals that result from the drying up of lakes, seas…Salt is also extracted from some underground beds. The Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the North Sea are the most common hubs for the harvesting of sea salt. China is the largest salt producer in the world followed closely by the United States. Salt is generally produced one of three ways: deep-shaft mining, solution mining or solar evaporation.                 -                                                     -               History                                      -                                               Salt was of high value to the Jews, Greeks, the Chinese, Hittites[3] and other peoples of antiquity. Some cultures ascribe magical powers to salt.                                                                -            USES                                              _                                                        It used in cooking, cosmetics and industry. Only 6% of all salt manufactured goes into food. Apparently we use salt in more than 14,000 different ways from the making of products as varied as plastic, paper, glass, polyester, rubber and fertilisers to household bleach, soaps, detergents and dyes.                                                                                                                               -                                            -    BENEFITS                                                                             _                                                        The health benefits of sea salt include good skin care, improved dental health, relief from rheumatoid arthritis, muscle cramps, psoriasis, and osteoarthritis. It also helps in providing relief from acne and rhinosinusitis. Furthermore, it is beneficial for exfoliation, nasal and eye wash…The nutritional compounds of sea salt includes vital minerals like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bromide, chloride, iron, copper, and zinc among other beneficial elements.                                      -                                             Curiosities and Other facts                                                                    -                                                    Roman soldiers were sometimes paid in salt - which is where the word 'salary' comes from.                         -                                                      Every cell in the body contains salt - an adult contains about 250 grammes, equivalent to a  box of Maldon Salt.                                          -                                                         Salt was used to preserve Egyptian mummies

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- Pablo Ortega Paterna

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You've probably been told that eating too much salt is bad for you, especially if you have high blood pressure. But what exactly does salt do to our bodies that can make it so hard on our hearts?

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CARBON

Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. Carbon's abundance, its unique diversity of organic compounds, and its unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures commonly encountered on Earth enables this element to serve as a common element of all known life. It is the second most abundant element in the human body by mass (about 18.5%) after oxygen.[16]

The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways, termed allotropes of carbon. The best known are graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon.[17] The physical properties of carbon vary widely with the allotropic form. For example, graphite is opaque and black while diamond is highly transparent.

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Episode 4: Global Warming, It's All About Carbon

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NPR's Robert Krulwich and Odd Todd, in partnership with Wild Chronicles, present an animated cartoon series on the atom at the heart of global warming: carbon. In episode 4: When carbon falls in love, the whole world heats up.

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PAPER
A ferrofluid is a liquid that becomes strongly magnetized in the presence of a magnetic field.
Ferrofluids are composed of nanoscale particles (diameter usually 10 nanometers or less) of magnetite, hematite or some other compound containing iron, and a liquid.
The composition of a typical ferrofluid is about 5% magnetic solids, 10% surfactant and 85% carrier, by volume.

Nowadaws, its used for:
Electronic devices
Mechanical engineering

Materials science research

Loudspeakers
Medical applications

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Ferro fluido, conocido también como líquido magnético. Un ferro fluido es un líquido que se polariza en presencia de un campo magnético. Los ferro fluidos se componen de partículas ferromagnéticas suspendidas en un fluido portador, que comúnmente es un solvente orgánico o agua.

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WATER
Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main component of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. Its chemical formula is H ₂ O, its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
We can find it in three different states, that are; solid (ice), liquid (normal water) and gas state (water vapour).
Liquid water can be split into the elements hydrogen and oxygen by passing an electric current through it; a process called electrolysis.

Hugo García Martínez

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COTTON
Cotton is mainly composed of cellulose, cellulose belongs to an important group of organic compounds known as “Carbohydrates” this group includes sugar, starch, etc..  They contain Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon.

María Jesús Almagro

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NYLON
First produced in 1935, Nylon is one of the most common plastics in the world and has been used to create everything from clothes and parachutes to food packaging and guitar strings. Nylon can also be used in conjunction with other materials, such as glass and carbon fibre, as its wide range of qualities are often beneficial, but sadly lacking from the materials that it teams up with.

María Jesús Almagro

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A demonstration of how nylon is made in the lab... with the story of its name