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Through teacher-centered instruction students are passively absorbing information without actively thinking for themselves which creates a cycle of students being told that something is true rather than finding the truth for themselves. Through student-centered learning students are exploring and creating their own learning so the information that they gather is more meaningful in nature because it's been found my their own experiences and explorations rather than being told that something is true. For example in teacher-centered learning the student is told that discriminating based on appearance is wrong, but in student-centered learning the students experience and come to this conclusion through their own experiences and have deeper learning.

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One advantage of using cooperative learning includes giving students more responsibility for their learning. A disadvantage would be that certain students may not work well together in a group, which could potentially impede their learning.

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The gradual release of responsibility is slowly releasing the responsibility from the teacher to the student. Going from more of a teacher-centered class to a more student-centered class. It gives the students the responsibility through the learning process. The strengths of this model is to give students the opportunity to explore and interact collaboratively. It also helps students become more of an independent learner.

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Disadvantage- Time. Teachers have to know what students interests are and it takes time to get to know students
Advantage- Gives students autonomy

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"I do it, We do it, You do it": Direct instruction -> guided instruction
-> independent practice -> Collaborative learning.

One strength of this model is that it releases more responsibility onto the student as time goes on, which allows them to learn expectations before they are expected to do work on their own. Another strength of this model is that it touches on both teacher-centered learning and student-centered learning, which could both work better for certain students.

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Advantages of cooperative learning: Gets students to work together and teach each other the material. Explaining material to others helps them to know if they understand it. Teamwork. With inquiry-based approach, the students are exploring the answers to the questions they have, which is more meaningful than if we just give them the answers. They will remember more when they find the answers themselves and aren't just copying down what we tell them. Keeping students curious about learning.

Disadvantages: One student may not do as much work as the rest in cooperative learning; waiting for classmates to give them the answers. All the groups in inquiry-based approaches may end up in different places than you expected for whole group instruction. Process may be confusing for younger students and it may require more teacher intervention than if the whole class did work together initially. Need to take extra time to teach the expectations and what students are to do during inquiry-based time. May be harder to monitor findings and if they are finding accurate information.

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The teacher models the activity, then the class will work with the teacher, and then the students will work on it without the teacher. Strengths of this model are that the students will know what the teachers want and there is scaffolding in the process.

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Teacher Centered: this is a more direct approach to instruction. "Students have a passive role in the environment". One example of this is a presentation/lecture on a certain topic. To me this looks like a teacher standing in front of the class in front of the board and just telling the students what they are supposed to know instead of actively engaging them in learning or conversations.
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Student Centered: This is more of an indirect approach to instruction. There's a lot of interaction with peers and cooperation. One example is project based learning. I can relate this to type of learning to using an interactive science journal and allowing students the time to explore science concepts after the teacher giving instructions with their peers before directly relaying the knowledge to them.

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1. Teachers know the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to students.

2. Teachers are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning.

3. Teachers think systematically about their practice and learn from experience.

4. Teachers are members of learning communities.

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Teacher-centered: Direct form of teaching. Students listen to the teacher lecture.

Student-centered: Indirect form of teaching. Students are given the chance to explore and learn in their own individual way.

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Teacher centered is when the students are just told what to learn and are not given the chance to explore on their own.
Student Centered learning is all about the students exploring their knowledge and be the master of a better and meaningful learning.

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Student-centered is when students are actively engaged rather than teacher-centered where the teachers are more actively engaged in teaching the lesson.
An example of a teacher-centered approach is when the teacher tells students what not to do, but the students do not understand why. Student-centered is when students learn on their own through personal experience and understand why they should not do something.

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Teacher centered learning is when teachers teach at students and the students do not get a say in what is taught or how it is taught. They are not given much autonomy and are asked to absorb information rather than think critically. Student centered approach allows students to explore on their own and gives them more freedom in their learning. An example of teacher- centered would be a teacher giving a lecture and asking students to just sit and listen while a more student centered approach would be something like the teacher presenting a subject and allowing students to ask their own questions or research a more in depth area of the subject that they are personally interested in. 

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Teacher centered learning is when teachers teach at students and the students do not get a say in what is taught or how it is taught. They are not given much autonomy and are asked to absorb information rather than think critically. Student centered approach allows students to explore on their own and gives them more freedom in their learning. An example of teacher- centered would be a teacher giving a lecture and asking students to just sit and listen while a more student centered approach would be something like the teacher presenting a subject and allowing students to ask their own questions or research a more in depth area of the subject that they are personally interested in. 

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Shifting the responsibility from the teacher to the student.Start by modelingyour thinking, so students can follow the process and see what is expected of them. Continue on by using guided lessons in which you give students prompts, but ultimately find their own answers. moving onto workstations and small collaborative groups to demonstrate independence and accountability.

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Gradual transfer of responsibilities from the teacher to the student. The strengths of this model come directly from the aspect of modeling, because it is important for students to see exactly what is expected of them before they are expected to perform.  Students should first have guided instruction, then collaborative opportunities, and finally independent responsibility.

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The teacher initially models expectations and then throughout the course of a few weeks the students begin to act autonomously without direct instruction. This is a good model because it allows students to be independent and leaves less overall responsibility with the teacher. 

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The teacher initially models expectations and then throughout the course of a few weeks the students begin to act autonomously without direct instruction. This is a good model because it allows students to be independent and leaves less overall responsibility with the teacher. 

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Lessons are created to ensure student success due to the gradual (and guided) release of responsibility to students.

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Advantage: Students hold themselves and each other accountable

Disadvantage: Some topics may be difficult to introduce without teacher directed instruction

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The role of the teacher shifts from being the one who asks the questions to allowing students to explore their own inquiries.

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Lessons are primarily teacher-oriented to introduce new skills, later teacher demonstrates applying more clarity. Teachers then prompt questions for critical thinking to gauge student understanding. Material is then practiced and reviewed with problems and activities through homework and other means.