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1861 to 1865
the war has had it original in the factious  issue of salivary.especially the extension of slavery into the western territories.

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Civil Rights Movement - Black History - HISTORY.com

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Find out more about the history of Civil Rights Movement, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more. Get all the facts on HISTORY.com

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The civil rights movement were social movements aiming to end discrimination against African americans on December 1955 the movement began when a black women rosa parks was arrested when she wouldn't move back on a bus and of course after this action people reacted negatively resulting in the civil rights movement having equal rights as whites when it came to employment, education and importantly the right to vote. This as in the civil movements was a blueprint of the hard work and effort to gain equality the method used was Civil disobedience it is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws and commands from the government the movement could be divided into several phases beginning with small scale protests

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Why:
The civil right movement started in 1954 and lasted till 1968 and was a struggle by the African Americans to achieve civil rights.

Civil rights: The rights of people and citizens to all kinds of freedom and equality.

Including equal rights in employment, education, housing and opportunity, also this rights to vote. The rights to access public facilities and racial discrimination.

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1) this protest was caused on December 1 1955 when a black women in Alabama named  Rose Parks when she refused to give up her seat in a bus for a white man
2)

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This image shows how women were fighting for their right mainly work rights because, in a women's daily life in the 1900s and 20th century they were not allowed to work and all that was expected of them was marriage and then childbirth. They weren't expected to do much.

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After World War 2, a new conflict started know as the Cold War. This war caused USA and USSR to go against each other. Their competition continued in space exploration. It all began on October 4th, 1957, when Russia launched the first artificial satellite and first man-made object to be placed in the Earth's  orbit.
America was scared that the Soviet military would take control of space.

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This shows how white people used to act stupid and being racist, it is very sad to see people being under abuse because of their skin color. In 20th century, black people didn't have any rights, they were not allowed to work, live, or learn. It is very irritating when people call you names due to your color.
White males were treated very well, but black the opposite, they thought that black people were rubbish compared to the white people.

There were many white people "gangs" that were anti-black, they were mainly originated from America in 20th century. Those "gangs" demonstrated terror, they killed the black in horrible ways, this was in order to show horror.

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The Vietnamese war was fought between communist north Vietnam and government of Southern Vietnam. The north was supported by communist countries like People's Republic of China and Soviet Union. The south was supported by anti -communist, primarily the United Staes, South Korea and Australia. In this war, United States lost. United States wasn't expecting this result before they joint the war. United States also lost the prestige in the eye of the world.
References:
http://www.ducksters.com/history/cold_war/vietnam_war.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War

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Cause: It was caused because black people were treated differently than white people. Black people were lynched or killed. In the southern states there were laws that separated black people from the whites, these laws were the Jim Crow laws. After the civil war African Americans were given the right to vote but there was so much predujice against black people that these laws didn't even matter.

How: They fought using non-violent protests. Martin Luther King Jr. showed people that they should protest non-violently. A lot of white people supported the civil rights movement. They used rallies, marches, posters, etc. One notable march was the march on Washington, this was were Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech 'I Have a Dream'. This was a speech saying that they should end racism.

Consequences: One consequence of the war was President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2, 1964. This gave everyone equal rights

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Even though slavery was abolished in 1865, black people were not treated the same as white males.

There were many gangs that specifically targeted black people. A few notable gangs are the KKK. Also known as the Ku Klux Klan, they killed and beat up black people.

There were many examples of segregation as well. Black people were not allowed to use public amenities like parks and schools.

This civil rights movement was the most effective movement for equality of its time. There were many attempts before, however, this movement led by Martin Luther King, which challenged white supremacy.

This led to many black people standing up. Rev Brown won the right to send his child to a white school. Four other black kids were allowed to go to white schools as well.

Despite all the efforts, black people were still not treated exactly the same and are still at a social disadvantage today.

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It started in 1954 to 1968
It happened in United States mostly in the southern parts.

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the modern civil rights movements was caused when Rose Parks African-American women refused to move to the back of the bus and give her seat to a white man.

# data[].attributes.body
Civil writes movement was caused because in southern countries blacks people had no freedom and they were not allowed in schools jobs and universities. So they protested to get all of that back so they are equal to white people and over 250,000 people attended the march. And started in 1954 then ended 1968.

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The feminist movement of the 1960s and '70s originally focused on destroying workplace inequality, such as denial of access to better jobs and salary inequity, via anti-discrimination laws.
The feminist movement was not rigidly structured or led by a single figure or group. As one feminist wrote, "The women's movement is a non-hierarchical one. It does things collectively and experimentally."

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The free speech movement was a student protest located on the campus of the University of Californa. It started on the 14th of September 1964, and ended during 1965.

After the movement the Univertsity of California slow backed out of it, by the 3rd of January, they had slowly made rules for political activity on the Berekley campus.

After that, professionals made a Sproul Hall opened on certain hours for political arguments and activity.

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I apologize, dear reader, for taking this autobiographical sidetrack from classic movies. It is not my habit to use this blog to discuss my personal views. That said, I was led this morning to write this article about feminism. I do not mean to offend anybody with my views and this is not a political rant, by any means. It is simply a metacognitive look at how I became a feminist. It is kind of Katharine Hepburn's fault, so I have allowed myself to publish it here. I am not offended if you are not in the least bit interested. Staye tuned for more posts about classic film history after this!

Although I consider myself a feminist now, I have not always done so. I was raised in a fairly respectable middle class family; my parents are conservative and they raised my brother and me to share their views, without actually forcing them upon us. Bill Clinton was always referred to as "Slick Willy" at our dinner table, and after 9/11 we put up our American flag and supported George Bush 100%. But then the United States invaded Iraq I thought, "Now, wait a minute. Where are you going with this one, W.?" At college two professors in particular had a profound effect on my political education. One was liberal and one was conservative, and I am so grateful to both of them for being such just, fair, open-minded individuals as they encouraged me to cultivate my own political views.

When I read Katharine Hepburn's autobiography (, 1996) in my sophomore year in college, I found myself as interested in her progressive upbringing as in her film career. Hepburn's mother, Katharine Houghton Hepburn, was orphaned at sixteen, yet still managed to put herself and her younger sisters through Bryn Mawr College. Both she and her sister Edith threw themselves into progressive reform work after graduation and marriage. They worked tirelessly for woman suffrage and birth control, taking what they had learned at Bryn Mawr to help raise the standard of women's rights.

As I began studying Progressive Reform Era feminism (1 st wave feminism), I felt myself becoming more sympathetic with the feminist, gender, and sexuality issues of my own time. Frankly, I am not terribly interested in politics, as such; the mud-slinging, back-stabbing, and corruption that goes on in government bores the brains out of me. But I am a compassionate individual who likes to make informed decisions based on my highest sense of right. Sometimes this means I support the liberals, sometimes the conservatives. But I will always support the women's movement.

Last night I was surfing YouTube when I came across a segment of an interview Diana Rigg had given with Mark Lawson in 2011, in which she discusses her views on feminism. I am a big fan of Rigg in " The Avengers" (1965-1968) and the " Mrs. Bradley Mysteries" (1998-2000), and my friends and I have always thought of her as a sort of prototype feminist in these roles. However, in the 2011 interview, Rigg takes a rather ambivalent stance on feminism. On the one hand she says, "The [feminist] issue is quite simple. Within yourself you are an individual and you are free. You are a free individual. " Agreed. The she goes on to define the feminist movement (of the 1960s): "The only fetters that the feminists have are the economic fetters. And once we have parity with men, which we do in my profession, I've got no gripe at all."

Similar views on feminism, and the feminist movement, have been shared by other individuals whom many consider feminist figures. Katharine Hepburn rejected being associated with feminism in her 1973 interview with DickCavett, saying, "We did that, many years ago." In Bette Davis's interview with Cavett, she accepted his offer to light her cigarette, stating, "I'm not women's lib."

One may be taken aback, as I was, hearing these women, who had broken down so many gender barriers by living progressive professional and personal lives, speak this way about the feminist movement. However, we must be clear that these women are no less feminist figures simply because they rejected the feminist movement of their own time. In the first place, the feminist movement of the time was misunderstood in many respects. Secondly, the movement has evolved to have different priorities in a different age. Finally, feminism in any form will always be misunderstood by much of society. This is what feminists are working to change.

1st wave feminism or Progressive Reform Era feminism refers to the social movement of the late-19 th and early-20 th century involving the fight for woman suffrage, property rights, and to a lesser extent birth control rights. The feminist movement of the late 1960s through the 1970s was instrumental in achieving gender parity in the workplace, in politics, and in society in general. The feminists of the 1960s could be extremely radical, and the negative implications associated with the term "feminism" can often be traced back to this era.

The most recent swelling of feminist activity is being termed 3rd wave feminism. Today's feminist movement covers a broader scope of individuals, adopting a diversity of social issues including race/ethnicity and queer theory. The general goal of 3 rd wave feminism is to actively realize the potentials made possible by the preceding feminist movements. This means not only supporting the middle-class white woman, but also women of mixed races, women living in poverty, and women in developing countries. The expectations for wealthy western societies are also heightened as feminists realize how little the achievements of the earlier feminist movements are being manifested in the most supposedly "advanced" countries, like the United States and Great Britain.

All of these objectives are worth fighting for. Although women have certainly advanced by leaps and bounds throughout the 20 th century, it would be naïve to believe that the work is concluded, that women have achieved complete equality with men in every field. The problem now, as before, is convincing a society of individuals that women should be 100% equal with men. First we must recognize that women are not currently treated as equal. Then we must believe that they should be equal. Then we must lay down the ground rules that establish women as equals. Finally, we must live the full potential allowed by those rules. Only when all of these steps are embraced by the majority of the population will true gender/sexual equality be realized.

The way I see it, the root of the problem (gender inequality) is in how we define the expectations of gender in our individual consciousness. Let's look at how society defines gender for us. The biggest influence is in home life. What do the men and women within your home do? How do they behave? What do they expect of themselves and of each other? The second biggest influence are the external factors which enter the home by way of media and literature. How is gender defined by what we see on TV, in movies, and in the magazines on our coffee table? The third influential force would be in our educational system, and so on and so forth. Eventually, we start to make decisions based on what we have seen and been told. We either choose to perpetuate the norm, or we deliberately become the change we wish to see.

There are an infinite number of character traits floating around our consciousness. Some traits have positive connotations while others are much more negative. Many of these qualities are gendered. The disparity comes when the value of a certain character trait varies based on the gender to which it is being applied. For example, "gentleness" as a word is positive. When it is applied to the female, it adopts an almost holy status. But it is not an encouraged characteristic in the male. When applied to a masculine subject, it becomes more closely associated with the more negative traits, like "weakness" and "cowardice." Another example could be "decisiveness." A decisive man is praised for his forthrightness, but a decisive woman is often called "bitchy."

These definitions of gender expectations are unfair to both sexes. I dream of a world when strength is encouraged in both men and women. Will there come a day when both genders can show unconditional compassion without compromising their sexuality? Every day I go to pick up the kids I babysit from school. I stand on the playground with dozens of moms and wonder how many of them would rather be at work and how many of their husbands would rather be here collecting the kids. Maybe they are perfectly content. Maybe they don't know that they would rather be in the other position because it never occurred to them to consider it. Perhaps they are satisfied because they feel, albeit unconsciously, they are properly fulfilling the expectations put upon them by society.

When I look at the images of Marilyn Monroe (above) that have become so iconic, I see a talented, intelligent young woman who has died her hair blond, put on a bathing suit, and thrust out her chest in order to find success in the world, and I think, "I want more than that." I want more for her, as well as for myself, my friends, my mother, my children. I look at Katharine Hepburn and her mother and I think, "By gum, she is pretty damned close to what I want all women to be able to achieve!" As in any model, there are flaws. But the more role models we hold before us, the better we can develop our own sense of gender identity, and encourage others to reach higher.

As we promote progressive images of gender, the more those images will become reality. By the other token, every time a woman is objectified in the media we take five steps backward. Think of it this way: if every joke on TV about an effeminate man meant that a little boy got bullied at school for wearing pink, would you laugh as hard? If every commercial where a woman's breasts are used to sell a product meant a teenage girl got raped on the way home from school, would you buy that product? Please, think about what concepts of gender identity you are allowing into your conscience. Take the time to examine how you view yourself and those around you. Then please, please, make informed decisions about what you do, how you behave, and how you vote. Remember that everything you do can either perpetuate or progress the current state of things. And above all, live with compassion.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I apologize, dear reader, for taking this autobiographical sidetrack from classic movies. It is not my habit to use this blog to discuss my personal views. That said, I was led this morning to write this article about feminism. I do not mean to offend anybody with my views and this is not a political rant, by any means.

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MaDuring the 1960s, women finally stood up from their daily oppression like less pay even if they do the same job as men and they were legally subject to their husbands and they had no legal right to any of their husbands' earnings or property, aside from a limited right to "proper support"; husbands, however, would control their wives' property and earnings. One prestigious medical school even said "Hell yes, we have a quota...We do keep women out, when we can. We don't want them here — and they don't want them elsewhere, either, whether or not they'll admit it''. many books were created by women showing their frustration about how men practically owned their wives like In 1962, Betty Friedan's book 'The feminine Mystique'. the rallies of the 60s and 70s focused on dismantling workplace inequality, such as denial of access to better jobs and salary inequity. Even though there were many influencers there were no direct leaders of the movement which I find good as I believe that women having the same rights as men is obvious and that women rallied without someone telling them too because they were genuinely frustrated which I believe is justified. As during the world war II gave two thirds of new jobs to women they had to accept the idea of women in the workforce. Feminists were also influenced by the Civil Rights Movement which implies that when a race or minority stands up for themselves, more under appreciated groups of people stand up too and begin their own movement.

https://www.thoughtco.com/1960s-feminist-activities-3529000

https://tavaana.org/en/content/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/248401735672227940/

https://www.thoughtco.com/significant-american-feminist-protests-3529008

https://www.thoughtco.com/1960s-feminist-activities-3529000

http://now.org

https://www.thoughtco.com/1960s-feminism-timeline-3528910

https://www.thoughtco.com/miss-america-protest-of-1968-3528973

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/07/living/sixties-women-5-things/

http://offbeat.topix.com/slideshow/15483

http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-109_t-290_c-973/the-women-s-liberation-movement-its-aims-and-methods/nsw/the-women-s-liberation-movement-its-aims-and-methods/changing-rights-and-freedoms-women/women

http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/betty-friedan

http://www.nytimes.com/1963/04/07/books/friedan-feminine.html?_r=0

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It is the belief where one gender should not be treated the same as the other. That one gender should be raised in power of another.

So if you are against Feminism, you are supporting sexism.

http://thegreatkh.blogspot.ae/2012/10/wearing-my-feminism-on-my-sleeve.html
In this picture we see women protesting using signs and posters. They are marching and have held rallies.

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I apologize, dear reader, for taking this autobiographical sidetrack from classic movies. It is not my habit to use this blog to discuss my personal views. That said, I was led this morning to write this article about feminism. I do not mean to offend anybody with my views and this is not a political rant, by any means. It is simply a metacognitive look at how I became a feminist. It is kind of Katharine Hepburn's fault, so I have allowed myself to publish it here. I am not offended if you are not in the least bit interested. Staye tuned for more posts about classic film history after this!

Although I consider myself a feminist now, I have not always done so. I was raised in a fairly respectable middle class family; my parents are conservative and they raised my brother and me to share their views, without actually forcing them upon us. Bill Clinton was always referred to as "Slick Willy" at our dinner table, and after 9/11 we put up our American flag and supported George Bush 100%. But then the United States invaded Iraq I thought, "Now, wait a minute. Where are you going with this one, W.?" At college two professors in particular had a profound effect on my political education. One was liberal and one was conservative, and I am so grateful to both of them for being such just, fair, open-minded individuals as they encouraged me to cultivate my own political views.

When I read Katharine Hepburn's autobiography (, 1996) in my sophomore year in college, I found myself as interested in her progressive upbringing as in her film career. Hepburn's mother, Katharine Houghton Hepburn, was orphaned at sixteen, yet still managed to put herself and her younger sisters through Bryn Mawr College. Both she and her sister Edith threw themselves into progressive reform work after graduation and marriage. They worked tirelessly for woman suffrage and birth control, taking what they had learned at Bryn Mawr to help raise the standard of women's rights.

As I began studying Progressive Reform Era feminism (1 st wave feminism), I felt myself becoming more sympathetic with the feminist, gender, and sexuality issues of my own time. Frankly, I am not terribly interested in politics, as such; the mud-slinging, back-stabbing, and corruption that goes on in government bores the brains out of me. But I am a compassionate individual who likes to make informed decisions based on my highest sense of right. Sometimes this means I support the liberals, sometimes the conservatives. But I will always support the women's movement.

Last night I was surfing YouTube when I came across a segment of an interview Diana Rigg had given with Mark Lawson in 2011, in which she discusses her views on feminism. I am a big fan of Rigg in " The Avengers" (1965-1968) and the " Mrs. Bradley Mysteries" (1998-2000), and my friends and I have always thought of her as a sort of prototype feminist in these roles. However, in the 2011 interview, Rigg takes a rather ambivalent stance on feminism. On the one hand she says, "The [feminist] issue is quite simple. Within yourself you are an individual and you are free. You are a free individual. " Agreed. The she goes on to define the feminist movement (of the 1960s): "The only fetters that the feminists have are the economic fetters. And once we have parity with men, which we do in my profession, I've got no gripe at all."

Similar views on feminism, and the feminist movement, have been shared by other individuals whom many consider feminist figures. Katharine Hepburn rejected being associated with feminism in her 1973 interview with DickCavett, saying, "We did that, many years ago." In Bette Davis's interview with Cavett, she accepted his offer to light her cigarette, stating, "I'm not women's lib."

One may be taken aback, as I was, hearing these women, who had broken down so many gender barriers by living progressive professional and personal lives, speak this way about the feminist movement. However, we must be clear that these women are no less feminist figures simply because they rejected the feminist movement of their own time. In the first place, the feminist movement of the time was misunderstood in many respects. Secondly, the movement has evolved to have different priorities in a different age. Finally, feminism in any form will always be misunderstood by much of society. This is what feminists are working to change.

1st wave feminism or Progressive Reform Era feminism refers to the social movement of the late-19 th and early-20 th century involving the fight for woman suffrage, property rights, and to a lesser extent birth control rights. The feminist movement of the late 1960s through the 1970s was instrumental in achieving gender parity in the workplace, in politics, and in society in general. The feminists of the 1960s could be extremely radical, and the negative implications associated with the term "feminism" can often be traced back to this era.

The most recent swelling of feminist activity is being termed 3rd wave feminism. Today's feminist movement covers a broader scope of individuals, adopting a diversity of social issues including race/ethnicity and queer theory. The general goal of 3 rd wave feminism is to actively realize the potentials made possible by the preceding feminist movements. This means not only supporting the middle-class white woman, but also women of mixed races, women living in poverty, and women in developing countries. The expectations for wealthy western societies are also heightened as feminists realize how little the achievements of the earlier feminist movements are being manifested in the most supposedly "advanced" countries, like the United States and Great Britain.

All of these objectives are worth fighting for. Although women have certainly advanced by leaps and bounds throughout the 20 th century, it would be naïve to believe that the work is concluded, that women have achieved complete equality with men in every field. The problem now, as before, is convincing a society of individuals that women should be 100% equal with men. First we must recognize that women are not currently treated as equal. Then we must believe that they should be equal. Then we must lay down the ground rules that establish women as equals. Finally, we must live the full potential allowed by those rules. Only when all of these steps are embraced by the majority of the population will true gender/sexual equality be realized.

The way I see it, the root of the problem (gender inequality) is in how we define the expectations of gender in our individual consciousness. Let's look at how society defines gender for us. The biggest influence is in home life. What do the men and women within your home do? How do they behave? What do they expect of themselves and of each other? The second biggest influence are the external factors which enter the home by way of media and literature. How is gender defined by what we see on TV, in movies, and in the magazines on our coffee table? The third influential force would be in our educational system, and so on and so forth. Eventually, we start to make decisions based on what we have seen and been told. We either choose to perpetuate the norm, or we deliberately become the change we wish to see.

There are an infinite number of character traits floating around our consciousness. Some traits have positive connotations while others are much more negative. Many of these qualities are gendered. The disparity comes when the value of a certain character trait varies based on the gender to which it is being applied. For example, "gentleness" as a word is positive. When it is applied to the female, it adopts an almost holy status. But it is not an encouraged characteristic in the male. When applied to a masculine subject, it becomes more closely associated with the more negative traits, like "weakness" and "cowardice." Another example could be "decisiveness." A decisive man is praised for his forthrightness, but a decisive woman is often called "bitchy."

These definitions of gender expectations are unfair to both sexes. I dream of a world when strength is encouraged in both men and women. Will there come a day when both genders can show unconditional compassion without compromising their sexuality? Every day I go to pick up the kids I babysit from school. I stand on the playground with dozens of moms and wonder how many of them would rather be at work and how many of their husbands would rather be here collecting the kids. Maybe they are perfectly content. Maybe they don't know that they would rather be in the other position because it never occurred to them to consider it. Perhaps they are satisfied because they feel, albeit unconsciously, they are properly fulfilling the expectations put upon them by society.

When I look at the images of Marilyn Monroe (above) that have become so iconic, I see a talented, intelligent young woman who has died her hair blond, put on a bathing suit, and thrust out her chest in order to find success in the world, and I think, "I want more than that." I want more for her, as well as for myself, my friends, my mother, my children. I look at Katharine Hepburn and her mother and I think, "By gum, she is pretty damned close to what I want all women to be able to achieve!" As in any model, there are flaws. But the more role models we hold before us, the better we can develop our own sense of gender identity, and encourage others to reach higher.

As we promote progressive images of gender, the more those images will become reality. By the other token, every time a woman is objectified in the media we take five steps backward. Think of it this way: if every joke on TV about an effeminate man meant that a little boy got bullied at school for wearing pink, would you laugh as hard? If every commercial where a woman's breasts are used to sell a product meant a teenage girl got raped on the way home from school, would you buy that product? Please, think about what concepts of gender identity you are allowing into your conscience. Take the time to examine how you view yourself and those around you. Then please, please, make informed decisions about what you do, how you behave, and how you vote. Remember that everything you do can either perpetuate or progress the current state of things. And above all, live with compassion.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I apologize, dear reader, for taking this autobiographical sidetrack from classic movies. It is not my habit to use this blog to discuss my personal views. That said, I was led this morning to write this article about feminism. I do not mean to offend anybody with my views and this is not a political rant, by any means.