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The greatest Islamic Astronomer was Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. He lived in the ninth century and created Algebra. Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-khwarizmi executed comprehensive estimation of the positions of the Planets, Moon and the Sun.

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They observed the sky a lot than it became the purpose of time keeping, it was the most accurate way for them to know when to pray as in the Islamic faith they have designated times to pray.

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In 700 -1200 AD Western development was experiencing the dark ages and an islamic authority went from central Asia to southern Europe. A lot of the Greek and Roman works were later translated into Arabic and scientific experts broadened on the given ideas. Islamic Astronomy was founded on the science of the Greek and the Indian. These ideas were later broadened which late influenced Western scientific explorations.