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Eclectic: As its name indicates, eclectic therapy is a therapeutic approach that incorporates a variety of therapeutic principles and philosophies in order to create the ideal treatment and program to meet the specific needs of the of the patient.
Wave 5 of psychology is about variety. Psychologists pick and choose what theories and methods to use depending on the situation and client.

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Behaviorism: Also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.'
Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions. During the early to mid 1900's people demonstrated an ignorance of people's internal emotions. All that mattered was how you acted. If you change your behavior, it did not matter how you felt. John B Watson was leading figure of this movement. Very popular during conservative 1950's when social appearance mattered more than self expression.

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Psychoanalysis: Investigating the interaction of the conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.
This movement of thinking started with Sigmund Freud in the early 1900's.
During this time period most people thought that your feelings came from a part of your mind called the unconscious.
Defense mechanisms and repression of emotion protect us from our real feelings.

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Gestalt Psychology: A movement in psychology in Germany 1912 seeking to explain perceptions in terms gestalts rather than analyzing by constituents.
Led by Max Werteheimer, the study was not based on human emotion but on how we experience the world. The whole of a experience is greater than the sum of its parts.
Adding the amount of reasons together on why you love someone does not equal how much you love them

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Based in Germany, William Wundt held the first psychological laboratory in the mid 19th century.
Structuralism: A method of interpretation and the analysis of the functions of human cognition, behavior, culture and experiences that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflects patterns of underlying superficial diversity.
William James wrote the principles of psychology, those ideas do not have a impact on how psychologists think today.
Functionalism: Belief in or stress on the physical application of a thing in particular.