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America shows obvious signs that it is hitting its peak in the business cycle as employment rate are raising closer to being full. When the economy has managed to hit its full potential or when real GDP is at its highest, that is when the peak is reached and enters the stage of recession as resources becomes scarce and businesses becomes less profitable from it.

Article:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/05/upshot/were-getting-awfully-close-to-full-employment.html

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Scarcity is an important factor to consider when going into production. The lack of resource is what we should be careful with as it can easily run short due to growing needs and wants and other factors that affect scarcity. Right now the planet faces a crisis as fresh water across the world starts to run low to provide to a population that continues to double in numbers. It is suggested that companies should properly inform the public of how much water is being used in their production and bring it down to a minimum amount.

Article:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/12/four-billion-people-face-severe-water-scarcity-new-research-finds

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There are a few types of different economic systems, one of them being the command economy in which the government decides for anything involved with the economy. An example of this would be China, the article shows statistics of the country’s growth during the year 2014 and the decision brainstorming of the leaders there deciding what would be best for the economy.

Article:
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/business/international/mixed-economic-signals-from-china.html

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"The question or problem we are all facing at the moment is, 'What is right picture for the economy as a whole?' " said Louis Kuijs, the chief China economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Hong Kong. "It's complicated by negative forces that show up very strongly in industry but not in the service sector."

Making sense of China's economic health is challenging because the slowdown is partly by design.

The Communist leadership has pledged to reduce China's dependence on credit-fueled growth and investment, to instead emphasize domestic consumption. It is a risky proposal, and leaders have signaled a willingness to live with slower growth, provided employment holds up and systemic risks are contained.

One figure that Chinese leaders study closely is the number of new jobs. Li Keqiang, China's prime minister, boasted in a speech at a World Economic Forum meeting last month that nearly 10 million urban jobs had been created in the first eight months of the year, up slightly from a year ago. As a result, he said, he would not mind if the growth of the gross domestic product fell short of this year's official target of 7.5 percent.

"An important goal of maintaining stable growth is to ensure employment, and the floor of the proper range is to ensure relatively adequate employment," he said at the meeting in Tianjin.

But even in the jobs figures, broad disparities exist across China. Employment has grown solidly in the services sector nearly every month in the last five years, according to the purchasing managers index compiled by HSBC and Markit. By contrast, manufacturing employment, which generally expanded from 2009 through 2011, has mostly contracted since.

At an employment fair for the medical appliance industry at a government-run career center near the Lama Temple in Beijing last week, more than a hundred job seekers bantered with recruiters and weighed their options. A 42-year-old man who gave only his surname, Mr. Lin, was applying for a job at Beijing Niubao Technology, a chemical equipment maker.

While service jobs in China are growing, manufacturing jobs have shrunk.

CHINA EMPLOYMENT PMI (PURCHASING MANAGERS' INDEX)

Chinese exports are surging again, but the data on trade with Hong Kong doesn't add up, prompting concerns about the underlying strength.

REPORTED TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND HONG KONG

China's reported

exports to Hong Kong

Hong Kong's reported

imports from China

China's reported figures for retail sales include only a small portion of online retailing.

Figure adjusted

for estimated

online sales

YEAR-OVER-YEAR

RETAIL SALES GROWTH

With 20 years of experience in a specialized industry, Mr. Lin expressed confidence about his prospects despite the overall outlook in the sector. "Manufacturing isn't doing so great in the past few years, but I think chemical equipment is still doing relatively O.K.," he said.

That somewhat positive outlook is a sharp contrast to most traditional industries. "We didn't have any new recruits this year," Huang Xinqun, 48, a manager at a large ocean-shipping company, said last week. "Usually when the manufacturing business is not doing so well, it would be directly reflected on us," he said.

"We're like a signal post on how the economy is doing," Mr. Huang said. "If companies don't have that many orders and products to transport, then we don't have as much work."

Despite the signs of malaise in China's manufacturing and industrial sectors, the government is wary of repeating the significant stimulus measures it undertook after the financial crisis. Leaders are worried that would add to China's ballooning debt, which rose to 250 percent of gross domestic product at the end of June, from 150 percent five years ago, according to estimates by Standard Chartered Bank.

Instead, policy makers in recent months have used targeted, behind-the-scenes stimulus measures, including extending limited amounts of short-term credit to large and medium-size banks. The government also has directed more financing to favored projects, like supporting agricultural efforts and redeveloping shantytowns.

"Things can be done to bolster activity for short periods of time, but I think the fundamental theme is a persistent ratcheting down in the measured rate of growth," said George Magnus, a financial consultant and a former chief economist at UBS. "China is in for an extended period of volatility."

Other major indicators offer similarly contradictory perspectives on the progress of China's economic transition.

Retail sales are rising at their slowest pace in nearly a decade, seemingly casting doubt on the ability of Chinese consumers to drive economic growth. But with an increase of about 12 percent in value this year, sales are hardly anemic.

What is more, official sales figures fail to capture the explosive growth of online shopping in China. The statistics bureau only began including the sales of some unnamed, large Internet retailers in its data this year. But Mark Williams, the chief Asia economist at Capital Economics, estimates that official retail sales figures only capture about one-sixth of the online purchases in China.

Trade figures, too, are somewhat unclear. Reported Chinese exports rose 15.3 percent last month, their biggest increase since 2013. But that was partly because of a 34 percent increase in exports to Hong Kong.

The dynamic has prompted some economists to question whether trade figures are again being distorted by so-called over-
invoicing. The practice was rampant two years ago, when China's reported exports to Hong Kong surged when companies disguised speculative capital inflows as the proceeds from trade. Hong Kong's separately reported imports from China are much lower, which economists say is evidence of the practice.

The most problematic economic indicator in China may be gross domestic product itself. Though economists say the data broadly are improving, the numbers do not always seem to add up. For example, the combined G.D.P. reported by each of China's provinces still regularly exceeds the official total for the country.

Even Mr. Li, the prime minister, has at times expressed doubts over this benchmark measure of output. In 2007, when he was governor of Liaoning Province in northeastern China, Mr. Li privately acknowledged to a visiting American diplomat that China's G.D.P. figures were unreliable and "for reference only" because they were "man-made," according to a confidential diplomatic cable released in 2010 by WikiLeaks.

Since then, many economists have supplemented China's official figures with their own versions of a "Li Keqiang Index," alternative measures based on what Mr. Li said were his bellwethers of economic expansion. They include electricity consumption, rail cargo volumes and the value of loans disbursed.

"Certainly these data have the potential to be more reliable but there are complications there, too," said Carsten Holz, a professor of social science at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology who has scrutinized China's economic data.

"It's a planned economy thing," Mr. Holz said of the Li Keqiang indexes, likening them to tallying apples on a tree but making no attempt to calculate their value.

"It is a very rudimentary measure, because you don't know how many of these apples are rotten, or measure how big they are," he said. "You are just counting apples."

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"The question or problem we are all facing at the moment is, 'What is right picture for the economy as a whole?' " said Louis Kuijs, the chief China economist at the Royal Bank of Scotland in Hong Kong. "It's complicated by negative forces that show up very strongly in industry but not in the service sector."

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As Netflix continues to grow Hollywood begin to fear a possible monopolist within the film industry. Due to the rumours of the “dying TV”  it may be that there will be no other substitutes to replace the missing spot in the film industry. Like real monopolists, this would allow in complete control of price from the lack of competition, however this is not likely as Netflix isn’t the only company to have a similar concept, while TVs continue to evolve and innovate instead of dying out completely, at least not anytime soon.

Article:
http://www.businessinsider.com/hollywood-fears-the-netflix-monopoly-2016-9

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One of fiscal policy’s main goal is to keep the business cycle stable to fight off inflation or increase aggregate demand. To do this they control taxes and government spending in a different ways to achieve that goal. This article is an example of the usage of fiscal policy as Trump promises that cut in taxes and spendings on infrastructure will rise the growth of the country’s economy.

Article:
http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/imf-raises-growth-projections-for-us-on-prospects-of-trump-stimulus/article/2611980

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President-elect Trump's promised tax cuts and infrastructure spending will boost U.S. economic output growth in the next few years, the International Monetary Fund projected Monday in a new global economic outlook.

The agency said gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation, would rise to 2.3 percent this year and 2.5 percent in 2018, increasing growth by 0.5 percentage points altogether.

"We think the prospects of a more expansionary fiscal stance coupled with tax reform justifies some upgrade of the U.S. forecast," said Maurice Obstfeld, the IMF's chief economist and a former adviser to President Obama.

Trump has promised to cut tax rates and bring back untaxed earnings that multinational corporations have deferred bringing back to the U.S., goals shared by the Republican leadership in Congress. He also has called for a major infrastructure spending program, although support for that among Republicans is less clear.

Officials at the Federal Reserve have built the possibility of a Trump fiscal stimulus into their forecasts, projecting in December that they would raise interest rates one extra time in 2017 as a result.

Yet other Trump priorities, such as imposing new punitive tariffs or backing out of trade deals, could pose a threat to growth, Obstfeld warned, calling trade disruptions an "important downside risk" to the group's forecasts.

"Longer term, we would have to worry about other fiscal repercussions, for example if federal deficits rise," he also said.

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IMF raises growth projections for US on prospects of Trump stimulus

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President-elect Trump's promised tax cuts and infrastructure spending will boost U.S. economic output growth in the next few years, the International Monetary Fund projected Monday in a new global economic outlook. The agency said gross domestic product, adjusted for inflation, would rise to 2.3 percent this year and 2.5 percent in 2018, increasing growth by 0.5 percentage points altogether.

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One of the factors that make up our labour forces are machines, ATMs, and anything technology related. One of our worries revolve around machines one day taking over our work and destroying all job opportunities. This article however shows that the majority of the labour force has only switched from dangerous low paying jobs to a more secure job that doesn’t require for us humans to do anything dangerous or work in hazardous conditions.

Article:
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/aug/17/technology-created-more-jobs-than-destroyed-140-years-data-census

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Unemployment describes a section of the labor force that doesn’t currently have a job, however this is not what the article states as the issue and instead states that the lack of workers as the main concern for Utah. Unemployment rate show that is has dropped to 3% during the time.

Article:
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/21/us/politics/utah-economy-jobs.html?rref=collection%2Ftimestopic%2FUnemployment&action=click&contentCollection=timestopics&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=6&pgtype=collection