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A series of eighty-five essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in the late 1780s to persuade the voters of New York to adopt the Constitution.

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Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution.

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a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.

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a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention.

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(also known as the Great Compromise of 1787 or The Sherman Compromise) was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States

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a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state.

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(also known as the Randolph Plan, after its sponsor, or the Large-State Plan) was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch.

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the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement, making it officially valid.

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1. the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

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Popular sovereignty, or the sovereignty of the people's rule, is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives

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an organization that consists of a number of parties or groups united in an alliance or league.

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A seventeenth-century English philosopher.Locke argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their minds.

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English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings

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French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society

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French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers

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He was a leading figure of the Enlightenment, and frequently came into conflict with the Establishment as a result of his radical views and satirical writings.

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(of a legislative body) having two branches or chambers.

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The 1689 English Bill of Rights was a British Law, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain in 1689 that declared the rights and liberties of the people and settling the succession

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a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

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An electoral system where citizens vote to elect people to represent their interests and concerns.

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Government. restricted with reference to governing powers by limitations prescribed in laws and in a constitution, as in limited monarchy

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an agreement or a settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.

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a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

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a system of government by one person with absolute power.

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government by a dictator.

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a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

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A group of nations or states, or a government encompassing several states or political divisions, in which the component states retain considerable independence.

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the federal principle or system of government.

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a system of political organization with a central supreme government which holds the authority over and makes the decisions for subordinate local governments.