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As a conclusion, in the context of Sina Weibo, public behavior is mostly formed spontaneously through retweets or comments, which may be emotional, irrational, and unorganized, resulting in irrational expressions. The anonymity of the Internet also enables Internet users to produce and disseminate more information, which increases the frequency of irrational expression. Internet technology has liberated citizens' right of expression, allowing them to discuss freely on virtual platforms, but Habermas' theory of the public sphere requires rational discussion and thoughtful judgment, which is also necessary for the virtual public sphere. Thus, Weibo has the potential to become a virtual public sphere, but it suffers from uncertainty and weak stability in terms of rational expression and still needs to continue to develop.

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Su, W. (2016). A virtual public sphere and its limitations–microblog, online civic engagement in China and its interplay with the state. The journal of international communication , 22 (1), 1-21.

Jinrong, H., & Enyi, Z. (2011, May). On Virtual Public Sphere and Network Citizen Participation. In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia and Signal Processing (Vol. 2, pp. 346-349). IEEE.

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Between April 10 and September 2, 2020, 1105 comments posted by individual bloggers in the topic #Bao Yuming# were collected. Based on the number of interactions, the 50 most interactive comments were selected for coding and analysis, yielding the following data.

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In an era of rapid development and widespread use of Internet technologies, the virtual public sphere, as an extension of the traditional public sphere, is making the boundaries between the public and private spheres increasingly clear. Thanks to the constant progress and great potential of the digital revolution and Internet innovations, the virtual public sphere is being established as a special kind of public space (Su 2016, p. 3). In the virtual space, everyone can participate in the discussion of public affairs and everyone can propose new ideas and express their attitudes. No one or organization has the right to prevent participants from speaking or changing their minds (Zhou & Hu 2011, p.347).

New media platforms such as Weibo have made significant contributions to the development of the virtual public sphere, and it is the most influential media in China and a platform for citizens to disclose information. Its ability to disseminate unofficial news and information, express dissenting opinions, open up space for public debate, and promote public action involving the whole of society also suggests its potential to become a virtual public sphere (Su 2016, p. 17). However, the lack of legal oversight of Internet users' participation and loose management lead to rational and irrational participation. (Zhou and Hu 2011, p. 346) . Su (2016, p. 6) conceptualizes Weibo as a potential platform for a virtual public sphere, but it lacks rational and critical debating activities, and also suffers from rational and irrational entanglements. The virtual public sphere requires participants to be rational, but the entanglement of irrational elements is still unavoidable. In the process of citizen online participation, irrational online transgressions, such as online deception, rumors, and human flesh search, often occur (Zhou & Hu 2011, p. 348).

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This research will use quantitative methods to delve into the argument that irrational expression prevents Weibo from becoming a virtual public sphere.
"Bao Yuming's sexual assault on adopted daughter" is a good illustration of how irrational expressions are reflected in Weibo，so I will use the content analysis method to extract samples of comments related to this incident from Sina Weibo for analysis. I will code and classify comments under the hashtag #鲍毓明（Bao Yuming）# according to the theoretical framework of irrational participation. Use the three categories of moral kidnapping, extreme tendency, and Doxing to encode posts.

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How did irrational expression occur in the Weibo "Bao Yuming's sexual assault on adopted daughter" incident?