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Rice is a tropical crop and grown where the average temperature during the growing season is between 20°C and 27°C.

Rice is a tropical plant that requires sufficient water to grow well. Therefore, the soil used in growing rice should have a good water holding capacity. Silt clay, silt clay loam and clay are some of the soil textures that are best for rice farming. The pH of the soil should be 6 or 7.

Rice can be grown with the help of irrigation, as is done in Punjab, Haryana and western U.P. About 40 per cent of rice crop in India is raised under irrigation. Rice is the staple food of over half the world's population. It is the predominant dietary energy source for 17 countries in Asia and the Pacific, 9 countries in North and South America and 8 countries in Africa. Rice provides 20% of the world's dietary energy supply, while wheat supplies 19% and maize (corn) 5%

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Beverage crops are those crops that give a potable drink other than water. For instance, these crops provide us with our daily beverage need such as juice, coffee, tea etc. these are called the beverage crops because the raw material for this is obtained from the plants

Two most important beverage crops of India are

(i) Tea and

(ii) Coffee.

Tamil Nadu produces both of these beverage crops
Tea is the most important beverage crop of India.

Climatic conditions :
(i) Temperature : The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub tropical climate. Tea bushes require warm and moist, frost-free climate all through the year. Tea bushes need temperature of more than 25°C.
(ii) Rainfall : Tea plant needs heavy rainfall ranging between 150 cm to 250 cm. The rainfall should be well distributed throughout the year.
(iii) Soil : The plant requires a light loamy soil. The soil should be rich in humus and iron content. Tea is a soil exhausting crop, so frequent use of chemical fertilisers and manure is essential.
Producers :
Major tea-producing states are Assam, West Bengal, (Hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri Districts), Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura are also tea producing states in the country.

The importance of tea and coffee drinking in India cannot be confined to words, Indians have to have their cup of hot steaming tea or coffee first thing in the morning in order to stimulate their senses and refresh themselves. So growing tea and coffee is very important.

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Beverage crops are those crops that provide potable liquids other than water like tea or cofeee
TEMPERATURE- They usually require most , frost-free temperature. Tea bushes usually require more than 25 degree celsius.
Rainfall-150-200 cms
Soil-well drained soils
DIstribution of beverage crops in India-Hills around Neelgiris, Karnataka, Kerala and Taminadu
Distribution in the World-China, Indonesia, Kenya, and Sri Lanka

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Wheat & Maize
TEMPERATURE: 10-15 degree celcius during growing season & 25-28 degree celcius during ripening season.
RAINFALL: grows well in area which have annual rainfall between 40-80 centimeters.
SOIL: heavy clayey or loamy soils are preferred, because these are rich in humus content.
WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF WHEAT: Russia, U.S.A, China,Canada,India,France,Argentina and Australia are the main producers of wheat.

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BEVERAGE CROPS
(i) Temperature : The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub tropical climate
(ii) Rainfall : Tea plant needs heavy rainfall ranging between 150 cm to 250 cm.
(iii) Soil : The plant requires a light loamy soil. The soil should be rich in humus and iron content.

Major tea-producing states are Assam, West Bengal,Tamil Nadu and KeralaUttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura are also tea producing states in the country.

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Beverage crops

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Beverage crops
Tea and and coffee is the most important important beverage crops of the world.

1)Tea- GEOGRAPHICAL REQUIREMENTS:
Temperature is should be between 10-35 celsius. It requires heavy rainfall- 150 cm and 200 cm. It also requires light loamy soil with a porous sub-soil that allows water drain away.
WORLD DISTRIBUTION:
China, Sri Lanka, India, Japan and etc.

2) Coffee- GEOGRAPHICAL REQUIREMENTS:
Temperature is should be between 15- 28 celsius.  It requires well distributed rain throughout the year around 150 cm and 200 cm of rainfall. Needs porous and deep water retentive soils with high humus.
WORLD DISTRIBUTION:
Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and etc.

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Rice is the most important food crop used for human consumption.
- World Distribution: A staple food crop of about 50% of world's population. India and China are the leading producers of rice in the world. West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India.
- Seed: Good quality seed can increase yields by 5-20%. Using good seed leads to lower seeding rates, higher crop emergence, reduced replanting, more uniform plant stands, and more vigorous early crop growth.
- Land: Before rice can be planted, the soil should be in the best physical condition for crop growth and the soil surface is level. Needs clayey or loamy soils.
- Temperature: The optimum temperature for rice cultivation is between 16°C and 20°C, and in temperate regions, rice growth is impressed by limited period that favors its growth. Exposure to cold temperature affects all phonological stages of rice and lower grain production and yield, too.
- Water use: Cultivated rice is extremely sensitive to water shortages.Good water management in lowland rice focuses on practices that conserve water while ensuring sufficient water for the crop.
- Harvesting: Depending on the variety, a rice crop usually reaches maturity at around 105–150 days after crop establishment. Harvesting activities include cutting, stacking, handling, threshing, cleaning, and hauling. Good harvesting methods help maximize grain yield and minimize grain damage and deterioration.

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1 Cotton
Temperature- sub tropical regions, annual temperature 20 C.
Rainfall-rainfall range 60 to100cm
Soil- Black clayey and loamy soil
World and india distribution- China, USA
Tamil Nadu, Punjab
2  Jute
Temperature- 27 C to 34 C
Rainfall  -    170 to 200 cm
Soil-  alluvial soil
World and India distribution- India, Bangladesh
West bengal

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wheat is the main food crop of the countries in the mid latitudes
temperature: 10c to 15c during the growing season 25c to 28c at the time of ripening
rainfall: wheat requires less rainfall, it grows well in areas which have annual rainfall between 40cm to 80cm .
soil: heavy  clayey or loamy soils are suitable for growing wheat because they are rich in humus content
world distrubution of wheat: Russia, USA, China, Canada, India, France, Argentina and Australia are the leading producers of wheat, India is the fourth largest producer of wheat in the world.

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Wheat - 21to 28 Celsius, clay soil , amount of rainfall 38 cm to 80 cm. in india -Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.
in world -China , United States, India , Kazakhstan and Canada

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Fibre crops ( Cotton )
Geographical requirements :
a) Temperature : It should be around 20 degrees Celsius.
b) Rainfall : Between 60 and 100 cm is adequate.
c) Soil : Ideal soil types I’d black clayey and loamy soil.
Distribution in the world : China, USA, Pakistan and India.
Distribution in India :
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Punjab.

Jute
Temperature: between 27 degrees Celsius and 34 degrees Celsius.
Rainfall : up to 170cm to 200cm.
Soil: Grows best in alluvial soil.
Distribution of

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RICE: most important food crop in the world.
TEMPERATURE
Rice needs a warm temperature so it requires about 16 degree Celsius to 20 degree Celsius.
RAINFALL
rice needs abundant rainfall. it grows well in regions were there is 100 to 200 cm rainfall. it can also be grown where assured irrigation is available.
SOIL
Rice can be grown in variety of soils. Loamy and clayey are preferred because they have ability to retain water for a long period of time.

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Rice:
TEMPERATURE- Needs warm temperature. Requires 16 to 20 degree Celsius.
RAINFALL- Need abundant rainfall. Grown in areas with 100 to 200 cm annual rainfall.
Soil- Loamy and clayey soil is preferable.
DISTRIBUTION- World: India(leading producer), China(leading producer), Bangladesh, Indonesia, Burma and Japan.
India: West Bengal.

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WHEAT AND BARLEY

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RICE

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FIBRE CROPS

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BEVERAGE CROPS